--- language: - af - ar - de - en - es - ha - hi - id - ig - jv - mr - pcm - pt - ro - ru - rw - su - sv - sw - tt - uk - vmw - xh - yo - zh - zu license: cc-by-4.0 dataset_info: - config_name: afr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 257404.26472547714 num_examples: 1222 - name: dev num_bytes: 37574.10095882685 num_examples: 196 - name: test num_bytes: 443868.5512994609 num_examples: 2130 download_size: 253496 dataset_size: 738846.9169837649 - config_name: arq features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 189788.25083277814 num_examples: 901 - name: dev num_bytes: 38340.919345741684 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 375933.7401616091 num_examples: 1804 download_size: 242601 dataset_size: 604062.9103401289 - config_name: ary features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 338711.9948269781 num_examples: 1608 - name: dev num_bytes: 102370.2546531303 num_examples: 534 - name: test num_bytes: 338423.72174193634 num_examples: 1624 download_size: 324284 dataset_size: 779505.9712220447 - config_name: chn features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 556515.6034408434 num_examples: 2642 - name: dev num_bytes: 76681.83869148337 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 1101127.4296086156 num_examples: 5284 download_size: 1145616 dataset_size: 1734324.8717409424 - config_name: deu features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 548300.5737155621 num_examples: 2603 - name: dev num_bytes: 76681.83869148337 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 1085289.866275865 num_examples: 5208 download_size: 1298256 dataset_size: 1710272.2786829104 - config_name: eng features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 583056.4687071365 num_examples: 2768 - name: dev num_bytes: 44475.46644106035 num_examples: 232 - name: test num_bytes: 1153224.6774137167 num_examples: 5534 download_size: 568875 dataset_size: 1780756.6125619134 - config_name: esp features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 420441.0085041345 num_examples: 1996 - name: dev num_bytes: 70547.2915961647 num_examples: 368 - name: test num_bytes: 706438.6802371701 num_examples: 3390 download_size: 284253 dataset_size: 1197426.9803374694 - config_name: hau features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 451826.6348904652 num_examples: 2145 - name: dev num_bytes: 136493.67287084038 num_examples: 712 - name: test num_bytes: 450120.221036073 num_examples: 2160 download_size: 327029 dataset_size: 1038440.5287973785 - config_name: hin features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 538400.4096876592 num_examples: 2556 - name: dev num_bytes: 38340.919345741684 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 420945.7622652164 num_examples: 2020 download_size: 477173 dataset_size: 997687.0912986172 - config_name: ibo features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 606648.3489438414 num_examples: 2880 - name: dev num_bytes: 183653.00366610265 num_examples: 958 - name: test num_bytes: 601827.4066445272 num_examples: 2888 download_size: 327624 dataset_size: 1392128.7592544714 - config_name: ind features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 29905.91708967851 num_examples: 156 - name: test num_bytes: 177339.03152856394 num_examples: 851 download_size: 77237 dataset_size: 207244.94861824246 - config_name: jav features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: dev num_bytes: 28947.394106034968 num_examples: 151 - name: test num_bytes: 174421.5856514783 num_examples: 837 download_size: 83583 dataset_size: 203368.97975751327 - config_name: kin features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 516283.02196574834 num_examples: 2451 - name: dev num_bytes: 156047.54173716865 num_examples: 814 - name: test num_bytes: 513053.69638463506 num_examples: 2462 download_size: 542662 dataset_size: 1185384.260087552 - config_name: mar features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 508699.9176039503 num_examples: 2415 - name: dev num_bytes: 38340.919345741684 num_examples: 200 - name: test num_bytes: 416777.9824408083 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 446771 dataset_size: 963818.8193905003 - config_name: pcm features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 785272.5850217502 num_examples: 3728 - name: dev num_bytes: 237713.69994359842 num_examples: 1240 - name: test num_bytes: 779374.8271643115 num_examples: 3740 download_size: 760561 dataset_size: 1802361.1121296603 - config_name: ptbr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 468888.6197045107 num_examples: 2226 - name: dev num_bytes: 76681.83869148337 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 927747.7889132393 num_examples: 4452 download_size: 645789 dataset_size: 1473318.2473092333 - config_name: ptmz features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 325652.20398165926 num_examples: 1546 - name: dev num_bytes: 98536.16271855612 num_examples: 514 - name: test num_bytes: 323419.71437406726 num_examples: 1552 download_size: 199203 dataset_size: 747608.0810742826 - config_name: ron features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 261406.45869420387 num_examples: 1241 - name: dev num_bytes: 47159.33079526227 num_examples: 246 - name: test num_bytes: 466374.5623512645 num_examples: 2238 download_size: 311205 dataset_size: 774940.3518407306 - config_name: rus features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 564309.3495904692 num_examples: 2679 - name: dev num_bytes: 76298.42949802594 num_examples: 398 - name: test num_bytes: 416777.9824408083 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 384247 dataset_size: 1057385.7615293034 - config_name: sun features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 194633.01195281578 num_examples: 924 - name: dev num_bytes: 76298.42949802594 num_examples: 398 - name: test num_bytes: 385936.4117401885 num_examples: 1852 download_size: 201486 dataset_size: 656867.8531910302 - config_name: swa features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 696592.392346279 num_examples: 3307 - name: dev num_bytes: 211258.46559503666 num_examples: 1102 - name: test num_bytes: 690184.3389219786 num_examples: 3312 download_size: 528859 dataset_size: 1598035.196863294 - config_name: swe features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 250031.80215150682 num_examples: 1187 - name: dev num_bytes: 76681.83869148337 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 495132.2431396803 num_examples: 2376 download_size: 523233 dataset_size: 821845.8839826705 - config_name: tat features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 210641.7878277227 num_examples: 1000 - name: dev num_bytes: 76681.83869148337 num_examples: 400 - name: test num_bytes: 416777.9824408083 num_examples: 2000 download_size: 253550 dataset_size: 704101.6089600144 - config_name: ukr features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 519442.64878316416 num_examples: 2466 - name: dev num_bytes: 95468.88917089679 num_examples: 498 - name: test num_bytes: 931082.0127727658 num_examples: 4468 download_size: 541083 dataset_size: 1545993.5507268268 - config_name: vmw features: - name: id dtype: string - name: text dtype: string - name: anger dtype: int64 - name: disgust dtype: int64 - name: fear dtype: int64 - name: joy dtype: int64 - name: sadness dtype: int64 - name: surprise dtype: int64 - name: emotions sequence: string splits: - name: train num_bytes: 326705.4129207979 num_examples: 1551 - name: dev num_bytes: 98919.57191201353 num_examples: 516 - name: test num_bytes: 323836.49235650804 num_examples: 1554 download_size: 229774 dataset_size: 749461.4771893194 configs: - config_name: afr data_files: - split: train path: afr/train-* - split: dev path: afr/dev-* - split: test path: afr/test-* - config_name: arq data_files: - split: train path: arq/train-* - split: dev path: arq/dev-* - split: test path: arq/test-* - config_name: ary data_files: - split: train path: ary/train-* - split: dev path: ary/dev-* - split: test path: ary/test-* - config_name: chn data_files: - split: train path: chn/train-* - split: dev path: chn/dev-* - split: test path: chn/test-* - config_name: deu data_files: - split: train path: deu/train-* - split: dev path: deu/dev-* - split: test path: deu/test-* - config_name: eng data_files: - split: train path: eng/train-* - split: dev path: eng/dev-* - split: test path: eng/test-* - config_name: esp data_files: - split: train path: esp/train-* - split: dev path: esp/dev-* - split: test path: esp/test-* - config_name: hau data_files: - split: train path: hau/train-* - split: dev path: hau/dev-* - split: test path: hau/test-* - config_name: hin data_files: - split: train path: hin/train-* - split: dev path: hin/dev-* - split: test path: hin/test-* - config_name: ibo data_files: - split: train path: ibo/train-* - split: dev path: ibo/dev-* - split: test path: ibo/test-* - config_name: ind data_files: - split: dev path: ind/dev-* - split: test path: ind/test-* - config_name: jav data_files: - split: dev path: jav/dev-* - split: test path: jav/test-* - config_name: kin data_files: - split: train path: kin/train-* - split: dev path: kin/dev-* - split: test path: kin/test-* - config_name: mar data_files: - split: train path: mar/train-* - split: dev path: mar/dev-* - split: test path: mar/test-* - config_name: pcm data_files: - split: train path: pcm/train-* - split: dev path: pcm/dev-* - split: test path: pcm/test-* - config_name: ptbr data_files: - split: train path: ptbr/train-* - split: dev path: ptbr/dev-* - split: test path: ptbr/test-* - config_name: ptmz data_files: - split: train path: ptmz/train-* - split: dev path: ptmz/dev-* - split: test path: ptmz/test-* - config_name: ron data_files: - split: train path: ron/train-* - split: dev path: ron/dev-* - split: test path: ron/test-* - config_name: rus data_files: - split: train path: rus/train-* - split: dev path: rus/dev-* - split: test path: rus/test-* - config_name: sun data_files: - split: train path: sun/train-* - split: dev path: sun/dev-* - split: test path: sun/test-* - config_name: swa data_files: - split: train path: swa/train-* - split: dev path: swa/dev-* - split: test path: swa/test-* - config_name: swe data_files: - split: train path: swe/train-* - split: dev path: swe/dev-* - split: test path: swe/test-* - config_name: tat data_files: - split: train path: tat/train-* - split: dev path: tat/dev-* - split: test path: tat/test-* - config_name: ukr data_files: - split: train path: ukr/train-* - split: dev path: ukr/dev-* - split: test path: ukr/test-* - config_name: vmw data_files: - split: train path: vmw/train-* - split: dev path: vmw/dev-* - split: test path: vmw/test-* --- # BRIGHTER Emotion Categories Dataset This dataset contains the emotion categories data from the BRIGHTER paper: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages. ## Dataset Description The BRIGHTER Emotion Categories dataset is a comprehensive multi-language, multi-label emotion classification dataset with separate configurations for each language. It represents one of the largest human-annotated emotion datasets across multiple languages. - **Total languages**: 28 languages - **Total examples**: 139595 - **Splits**: train, dev, test ## About BRIGHTER BRIGHTER addresses the gap in human-annotated textual emotion recognition datasets for low-resource languages. While most existing emotion datasets focus on English, BRIGHTER covers multiple languages, including many low-resource ones. The dataset was created by selecting text from various sources and having annotators label six categorical emotions: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. The dataset contains text in the following languages: Afrikaans, Algerian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Mandarin Chinese, German, English, Spanish (Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico), Hausa, Hindi, Igbo, Indonesian, Javanese, Kinyarwanda, Marathi, Nigerian Pidgin, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Mozambique), Romanian, Russian, Sundanese, Swahili, Swedish, Tatar, Ukrainian, Makhuwa, Xhosa, Yoruba, and Zulu. ## Language Configurations Each language is available as a separate configuration with the following statistics: | Original Code | ISO Code | Train Examples | Dev Examples | Test Examples | Total | |---------------|----------|---------------|-------------|--------------|-------| | afr | af | 1222 | 196 | 2130 | 3548 | | arq | ar | 901 | 200 | 1804 | 2905 | | ary | ar | 1608 | 534 | 1624 | 3766 | | chn | zh | 2642 | 400 | 5284 | 8326 | | deu | de | 2603 | 400 | 5208 | 8211 | | eng | en | 2768 | 232 | 5534 | 8534 | | esp | es | 1996 | 368 | 3390 | 5754 | | hau | ha | 2145 | 712 | 2160 | 5017 | | hin | hi | 2556 | 200 | 2020 | 4776 | | ibo | ig | 2880 | 958 | 2888 | 6726 | | ind | id | 0 | 156 | 851 | 1007 | | jav | jv | 0 | 151 | 837 | 988 | | kin | rw | 2451 | 814 | 2462 | 5727 | | mar | mr | 2415 | 200 | 2000 | 4615 | | pcm | pcm | 3728 | 1240 | 3740 | 8708 | | ptbr | pt | 2226 | 400 | 4452 | 7078 | | ptmz | pt | 1546 | 514 | 1552 | 3612 | | ron | ro | 1241 | 246 | 2238 | 3725 | | rus | ru | 2679 | 398 | 2000 | 5077 | | sun | su | 924 | 398 | 1852 | 3174 | | swa | sw | 3307 | 1102 | 3312 | 7721 | | swe | sv | 1187 | 400 | 2376 | 3963 | | tat | tt | 1000 | 400 | 2000 | 3400 | | ukr | uk | 2466 | 498 | 4468 | 7432 | | vmw | vmw | 1551 | 516 | 1554 | 3621 | | xho | xh | 0 | 682 | 1594 | 2276 | | yor | yo | 2992 | 994 | 3000 | 6986 | | zul | zu | 0 | 875 | 2047 | 2922 | ## Features - **id**: Unique identifier for each example - **text**: Text content to classify - **anger**, **disgust**, **fear**, **joy**, **sadness**, **surprise**: Presence of emotion - **emotions**: List of emotions present in the text ## Dataset Characteristics This dataset provides binary labels for emotion presence, making it suitable for multi-label classification tasks. For regression tasks or fine-grained emotion analysis, please see the companion BRIGHTER-emotion-intensities dataset. ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset # Load all data for a specific language eng_dataset = load_dataset("YOUR_USERNAME/BRIGHTER-emotion-categories", "eng") # Or load a specific split for a language eng_train = load_dataset("YOUR_USERNAME/BRIGHTER-emotion-categories", "eng", split="train") ``` ## Citation If you use this dataset, please cite the following papers: ``` @misc{muhammad2025brighterbridginggaphumanannotated, title={BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languages}, author={Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Nedjma Ousidhoum and Idris Abdulmumin and Jan Philip Wahle and Terry Ruas and Meriem Beloucif and Christine de Kock and Nirmal Surange and Daniela Teodorescu and Ibrahim Said Ahmad and David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Alham Fikri Aji and Felermino D. M. A. Ali and Ilseyar Alimova and Vladimir Araujo and Nikolay Babakov and Naomi Baes and Ana-Maria Bucur and Andiswa Bukula and Guanqun Cao and Rodrigo Tufiño and Rendi Chevi and Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke and Alexandra Ciobotaru and Daryna Dementieva and Murja Sani Gadanya and Robert Geislinger and Bela Gipp and Oumaima Hourrane and Oana Ignat and Falalu Ibrahim Lawan and Rooweither Mabuya and Rahmad Mahendra and Vukosi Marivate and Andrew Piper and Alexander Panchenko and Charles Henrique Porto Ferreira and Vitaly Protasov and Samuel Rutunda and Manish Shrivastava and Aura Cristina Udrea and Lilian Diana Awuor Wanzare and Sophie Wu and Florian Valentin Wunderlich and Hanif Muhammad Zhafran and Tianhui Zhang and Yi Zhou and Saif M. Mohammad}, year={2025}, eprint={2502.11926}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11926}, } ``` ``` @misc{muhammad2025semeval2025task11bridging, title={SemEval-2025 Task 11: Bridging the Gap in Text-Based Emotion Detection}, author={Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Nedjma Ousidhoum and Idris Abdulmumin and Seid Muhie Yimam and Jan Philip Wahle and Terry Ruas and Meriem Beloucif and Christine De Kock and Tadesse Destaw Belay and Ibrahim Said Ahmad and Nirmal Surange and Daniela Teodorescu and David Ifeoluwa Adelani and Alham Fikri Aji and Felermino Ali and Vladimir Araujo and Abinew Ali Ayele and Oana Ignat and Alexander Panchenko and Yi Zhou and Saif M. Mohammad}, year={2025}, eprint={2503.07269}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL}, url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07269}, } ``` ## License This dataset is licensed under CC-BY 4.0.