task_type
string | task_name
string | subtask_name
string | input_question
string | input_choice_list
dict | input_final_prompts
sequence | input_correct_responses
sequence | output_prediction_text
sequence | output_parsed_answer
string | output_choice_completions
null | output_choice_negative_log_likelihoods
null | output_metrics
dict | is_correct
bool | input_question_hash
string | input_final_prompts_hash
sequence | benchmark_label
string | eval_config
dict | my_prediction_text
string | text_score
int64 | my_parsed_answer
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements is NOT correct about ancient Earth? | {
"A": "Earth was formed about 4? billion years ago.",
"B": "Amino acid synthesis could have been stimulated by volcanic eruption.",
"C": "The first cells formed about 3? billion years ago, according to the fossil record.",
"D": "The presence of free oxygen facilitated the rapid formation of organic molecules."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is NOT correct about ancient Earth?\nA. Earth was formed about 4? billion years ago.\nB. Amino acid synthesis could have been stimulated by volcanic eruption.\nC. The first cells formed about 3? billion years ago, according to the fossil record.\nD. The presence of free oxygen facilitated the rapid formation of organic molecules.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Analyze the statements about ancient Earth\nThe statements provided describe various aspects of the early Earth, including its formation, the potential for amino acid synthesis, the emergence of the first cells, and the role of free oxygen in organic molecule formation.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluate the accuracy of each statement\n- A. Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, which is a widely accepted scientific fact.\n- B. Amino acid synthesis could have been stimulated by volcanic eruptions, which is a plausible scenario given the chemical reactions that can occur in volcanic environments.\n- C. The first cells formed about 3.5 billion years ago, according to the fossil record, which aligns with current scientific understanding of the early Earth's history.\n- D. The presence of free oxygen facilitated the rapid formation of organic molecules, which is incorrect because free oxygen actually inhibits the formation of organic molecules. The presence of free oxygen is a result of the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere, which occurred after the formation of the first photosynthetic organisms.\n\n## Step 3: Identify the statement that is NOT correct about ancient Earth\nBased on the analysis, the statement that is NOT correct about ancient Earth is the one regarding the role of free oxygen in facilitating the rapid formation of organic molecules.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | e0dccf5c14fba78977dd41b6293dd3718832ea0fb6d2f0a444d27fa0b579b35d | [
"08f4d637b5a5a900f21ca7410909d91a5b308eb1793f890c3630dc7404339d91"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Evaluate option A
Option A states that Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, which is a widely accepted scientific fact. This statement is correct.
## Step 2: Evaluate option B
Option B mentions that amino acid synthesis could have been stimulated by volcanic eruption. This is a plausible scenario since volcanic eruptions can provide the necessary energy and organic compounds for the synthesis of amino acids. This statement is correct.
## Step 3: Evaluate option C
Option C states that the first cells formed about 3.5 billion years ago, according to the fossil record. While the exact timing is subject to some debate, the general timeline of 3.5 billion years ago for the emergence of life is consistent with the fossil record and other lines of evidence. This statement is correct.
## Step 4: Evaluate option D
Option D suggests that the presence of free oxygen facilitated the rapid formation of organic molecules. However, the presence of oxygen actually made it more difficult for the early organic molecules to form because oxygen is a highly reactive molecule that would have oxidized many of the organic compounds. The formation of organic molecules is thought to have occurred in an oxygen-free environment, such as the early Earth's atmosphere. This statement is not correct.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In modern terminology, diversity is understood to be a result of genetic variation. Sources of variation for evolution include all of the following except | {
"A": "mistakes in translation of structural genes.",
"B": "mistakes in DNA replication.",
"C": "translocations and mistakes in meiosis.",
"D": "recombination at fertilization."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In modern terminology, diversity is understood to be a result of genetic variation. Sources of variation for evolution include all of the following except\nA. mistakes in translation of structural genes.\nB. mistakes in DNA replication.\nC. translocations and mistakes in meiosis.\nD. recombination at fertilization.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for the source of genetic variation that is not considered a source of variation for evolution.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\n- Option A: mistakes in translation of structural genes. Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a protein, and mistakes in this process can lead to variations in the protein produced, which can be a source of genetic variation.\n- Option B: mistakes in DNA replication. DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division. Mistakes in this process can lead to genetic mutations, which are a source of genetic variation.\n- Option C: translocations and mistakes in meiosis. Translocations are the movement of a part of a chromosome to a different location, and mistakes in meiosis can lead to genetic variations, such as aneuploidy or chromosomal deletions.\n- Option D: recombination at fertilization. Recombination is the process by which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in new combinations of alleles. This is a source of genetic variation.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer\nBased on the analysis, all options except one are sources of genetic variation. Option D, recombination at fertilization, is actually a source of genetic variation, not an exception.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nThe correct answer is the option that is not a source of genetic variation.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | c670a7a6088376c4858f68eb8b448664c0a55681f1e4ba623f1fbfd9cc83b3b0 | [
"42cf67847585afa7847b17ec682e80443b5128a2b17faf8dd014b67e97a7ad7c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the sources of genetic variation
To solve this question, we need to consider the various sources of genetic variation that contribute to the genetic diversity of a population. These sources include mistakes in DNA replication, mistakes in translation of structural genes, translocations and mistakes in meiosis, and recombination at fertilization.
## Step 2: Evaluating the options
Let's evaluate each option to determine which one does not contribute to genetic variation:
- Mistakes in DNA replication (B) and mistakes in translation of structural genes (A) both introduce genetic variation.
- Translocations and mistakes in meiosis (C) also contribute to genetic variation, as they can result in the shuffling of genes and the creation of new alleles.
- Recombination at fertilization (D) is a process that occurs during the formation of gametes and is known to increase genetic variation by shuffling genes.
## Step 3: Identifying the exception
Given the information above, we can see that all the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are sources of genetic variation. However, the question asks for the exception, which implies that we need to find the one that does not contribute to genetic variation in the context of evolution. Upon closer inspection, it becomes clear that all the listed processes contribute to genetic variation, but the question seems to be asking for a process that is not a primary source of variation in the context of the other options provided.
## Step 4: Re-evaluating the question
Upon re-evaluation, it seems there might be a misunderstanding in the question's framing regarding the sources of genetic variation. All the listed processes (A, B, C, and D) are indeed sources of genetic variation. However, the question seems to be seeking a process that is not typically listed as a primary source of variation in the context of the other options provided, which might suggest a misunderstanding in the question's premise.
## Step 5: Conclusion
Given the information and the process of elimination, it appears there might be a misunderstanding in the question's premise. However, following the instructions to the letter as requested, the answer must be chosen based on the information provided, even though it seems all options contribute to genetic variation.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|> | 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run? | {
"A": "Larger doses of DDT should have been applied.",
"B": "All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time.",
"C": "The frequency of DDT application should have been higher.",
"D": "None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: DDT was once considered a \"silver bullet\" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?\nA. Larger doses of DDT should have been applied.\nB. All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time.\nC. The frequency of DDT application should have been higher.\nD. None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the problem\nThe problem is about the failure of DDT to eradicate insect pests due to resistance.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the key factor for success\nFor the pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run, the key factor is that none of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 99117fa748825166fe9feff08a374c573192d0679402d51778ad79f31dcfdd52 | [
"0c270b38346907234c84b77d9e13305b9b601328d79084e72e73148b3fa062e0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Problem
The problem states that DDT, once considered a "silver bullet" for eradicating insect pests, is now largely ineffective against many insects. To determine why this is the case, we need to consider what would have been required for the pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run.
## Step 2: Identifying the Reason for Failure
The key factor in the failure of DDT as a pest eradication tool is the development of resistance in insect populations. When a population is subjected to a selective pressure, such as the use of a pesticide like DDT, individuals that are resistant to the pesticide are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this can lead to a significant proportion of the population becoming resistant to the pesticide.
## Step 3: Considering the Options
Option A suggests using larger doses of DDT, but this would not prevent the development of resistance. Option B suggests applying DDT to all habitats at the same time, which might help to some extent but would not address the underlying issue of resistance. Option C suggests increasing the frequency of DDT application, which again would not prevent resistance from developing.
## Step 4: Identifying the Correct Answer
Given that resistance is the primary reason for the failure of DDT as a pest eradication tool, the correct answer is the one that addresses this issue directly.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient's HIV population consists entirely of 3TC-resistant viruses. How can this result best be explained? | {
"A": "HIV can change its surface proteins and resist vaccines.",
"B": "The patient must have become reinfected with 3TC-resistant viruses.",
"C": "HIV began making drug-resistant versions of reverse transcriptase in response to the drug.",
"D": "A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient's HIV population consists entirely of 3TC-resistant viruses. How can this result best be explained?\nA. HIV can change its surface proteins and resist vaccines.\nB. The patient must have become reinfected with 3TC-resistant viruses.\nC. HIV began making drug-resistant versions of reverse transcriptase in response to the drug.\nD. A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the scenario\nThe patient's HIV population has become entirely resistant to the drug 3TC within a few weeks of treatment.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the mechanisms of resistance\nResistance to antiretroviral drugs like 3TC can arise through several mechanisms, but the most common is the selection of pre-existing resistant viral variants.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the options\n- Option A refers to vaccine resistance, which is not relevant to the scenario of drug resistance in a patient undergoing treatment.\n- Option B suggests reinfection, which is unlikely given the short timeframe and the fact that the entire population has become resistant.\n- Option C implies the emergence of resistance through mutation, which is a possible but less likely explanation for the rapid development of resistance.\n- Option D suggests that pre-existing resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and were selected for by the drug, leading to their dominance.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the most plausible explanation\nGiven the rapid development of resistance and the fact that the entire population has become resistant, the most plausible explanation is that a few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and were selected for by the drug.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 4bb0a8f0b1a469764cb3ca6695eaaca9c4053a2e5fdfcb27f9c128e0d2c42903 | [
"6d12318b2e84409fe6759610b24581f231da7a64804d94c9cba860d6f31134a0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the scenario
The patient's HIV population consists entirely of 3TC-resistant viruses within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC.
## Step 2: Considering the options
Option A discusses the resistance of HIV to vaccines, which is not relevant to the scenario. Option B suggests reinflection with 3TC-resistant viruses, which is unlikely given the short timeframe. Option C mentions the production of drug-resistant reverse transcriptase, but this is a process that occurs over time, not within weeks. Option D proposes that a few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and their frequency increased due to natural selection.
## Step 3: Analyzing the most plausible explanation
Given the short timeframe and the nature of the scenario, the most plausible explanation is that a few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and their frequency increased due to natural selection. This is because drug resistance is not an instantaneous process but rather one that develops over time as the resistant strains have a selective advantage over the sensitive strains.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The higher the proportion of loci that are "fixed" in a population, the lower is that population's | {
"A": "nucleotide variability.",
"B": "genetic polyploidy.",
"C": "average heterozygosity.",
"D": "A and C only"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The higher the proportion of loci that are \"fixed\" in a population, the lower is that population's\nA. nucleotide variability.\nB. genetic polyploidy.\nC. average heterozygosity.\nD. A and C only\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of \"fixed\" loci\nWhen a significant proportion of loci in a population are \"fixed,\" it means that nearly all individuals in the population have the same allele at those loci. This is often a result of genetic drift, where a random event leads to the loss of one allele from the population.\n\n## Step 2: Relating fixed loci to genetic variability\nGenetic variability in a population is measured by its heterozygosity (the proportion of individuals that are heterozygous at a particular locus) and nucleotide variability (the total number of different alleles present in the population). When a large proportion of loci are fixed, it means that there is less genetic variation because most individuals have the same allele at those loci.\n\n## Step 3: Connecting fixed loci to average heterozygosity\nAverage heterozygosity is a measure of the genetic diversity within a population. If a large proportion of loci are fixed, it implies that the average heterozygosity of the population is lower because fewer individuals are heterozygous at those loci.\n\n## Step 4: Considering nucleotide variability\nNucleotide variability is also affected by the presence of fixed loci. When a locus is fixed, it contributes less to the overall nucleotide variability because there is no variation at that locus.\n\n## Step 5: Evaluating the options\nGiven the understanding from the previous steps, we can see that both nucleotide variability (A) and average heterozygosity (C) are negatively affected by a high proportion of fixed loci in a population.\n\n## Step 6: Selecting the correct answer\nSince both A and C are correct, the correct answer is the option that includes both.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 2b15a19b6aecee7edffd3ccb84c3d70ee53f3beadea851d772a992e69c9e8744 | [
"a9f0904f9c2cf8f6c0c69f847b1fecb6266253f84350b6200def73a4cd398428"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand what "fixed" loci mean
In genetics, "fixed" loci refer to alleles (different forms of a gene) that are present in every individual of a population. This means that there is no variation at those loci.
## Step 2: Relate fixed loci to population genetic parameters
- Nucleotide variability refers to the total amount of variation in a population's genes. Higher fixed loci would indeed reduce variability since those loci do not vary.
- Genetic polyloidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism's cells. The concept of fixed loci does not directly relate to polyloidy.
- Average heterozygosity is a measure of genetic variation in a population. It is the probability that two randomly selected genes from the same population are different alleles. Higher fixed loci would indeed lower average heterozygosity since there's less variation.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer based on the relationship between fixed loci and genetic parameters
Given the relationship between fixed loci and genetic parameters, the correct answer involves both A (nucleotide variability) and C (average heterozygosity), as both are directly affected by the presence of fixed loci in a population.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following? I. Active transport II. Selective permeability III. Differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane | {
"A": "III only",
"B": "I and II only",
"C": "II and III only",
"D": "I, II, and III"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following? I. Active transport II. Selective permeability III. Differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane\nA. III only\nB. I and II only\nC. II and III only\nD. I, II, and III\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the resting membrane potential\nThe resting membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a neuron when it is not being stimulated.\n\n## Step 2: Factors contributing to the resting membrane potential\nTo determine which factors contribute to the resting membrane potential, we need to consider the properties of the cell membrane and the distribution of ions across it.\n\n## Step 3: Role of active transport\nActive transport is the movement of ions or molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy. While it does contribute to the distribution of ions, it is not the primary factor in establishing the resting membrane potential.\n\n## Step 4: Role of selective permeability\nSelective permeability refers to the cell membrane's ability to allow certain ions to pass through while restricting others. This property is crucial in establishing the resting membrane potential.\n\n## Step 5: Role of differential distribution of ions\nThe differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane, primarily sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), is a key factor in establishing the resting membrane potential.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nConsidering the roles of active transport, selective permeability, and differential distribution of ions, we can conclude that all three factors contribute to the resting membrane potential.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | bdbc9ea3b57706ff8bafaaaaf61ddf0c522676ad8195a427f2486a61157d1756 | [
"862bca6cb830f2184a61164c3a5a710e5a9f88b76c047c73314439e319f5ffe0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the factors that influence the resting membrane potential
The resting membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell, particularly in nerve cells. It is a critical aspect of how cells generate electrical signals.
## Step 2: Analyzing the role of active transport (I)
Active transport is a process where cells use energy to transport substances against their concentration gradient. This process can indeed influence the resting membrane potential by changing the concentration of ions on either side of the membrane.
## Step 3: Examining the impact of selective permeability (II)
Selective permeability refers to the ability of the cell membrane to allow certain ions to pass through while restricting others. This property is crucial for establishing and maintaining the resting membrane potential, as it determines which ions can contribute to the electrical charge across the membrane.
## Step 4: Considering the role of differential distribution of ions (III)
The differential distribution of ions across the axonal membrane is a fundamental aspect of establishing the resting membrane potential. This distribution is maintained by the selective permeability of the membrane and the active transport of ions, which together create a charge imbalance across the membrane.
## Step 5: Combining the factors
Given the roles of active transport, selective permeability, and differential distribution of ions, it's clear that all three factors contribute to the establishment and maintenance of the resting membrane potential.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is correct? | {
"A": "They provide the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar.",
"B": "They produce PGA, which is converted to glucose by carbon fixation in the light-independent reactions.",
"C": "Water is split apart, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage.",
"D": "They occur in the stroma of chloroplasts."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is correct?\nA. They provide the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar.\nB. They produce PGA, which is converted to glucose by carbon fixation in the light-independent reactions.\nC. Water is split apart, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage.\nD. They occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key components of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.\nThe light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and involve the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the role of water in the light-dependent reactions.\nWater is split apart in the light-dependent reactions, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluate the statements provided in the options.\nOption A is incorrect because the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar is provided by carbon fixation in the light-independent reactions, not the light-dependent reactions. Option B is incorrect because PGA (phosphoglycerate) is produced in the light-independent reactions, not the light-dependent reactions. Option D is incorrect because the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes, not the stroma.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct statement about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.\nThe correct statement is that water is split apart, providing hydrogen ions and electrons to NADP for temporary storage.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 3d206b029e396178f7704866698287e5387c5d0ed11504607fefccf671973fd4 | [
"ea500531632b207901544605035edcb194f1ef0fb0d1a41df4bccaa523858d06"
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} | ## Step 1: Identify the correct process in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis involve the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH. This process does not directly provide the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar, as that is the function of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
## Step 2: Analyze each option to determine which one accurately describes a process of the light-dependent reactions.
- Option A: This is incorrect because the carbon that becomes incorporated into sugar is provided by CO2 in the light-independent reactions, not in the light-dependent reactions.
- Option B: This is incorrect because PGA (phosphoglycerate) is not produced in the light-dependent reactions. Instead, it is a product of the light-independent reactions where CO2 is fixed into PGA.
- Option C: This is correct because in the light-dependent reactions, water is split apart to produce hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons that are used to generate ATP and NADPH.
- Option D: While the light-dependent reactions do occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, the question specifically asks about the light-dependent reactions occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts, which is incorrect.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer based on the analysis.
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes a process of the light-dependent reactions.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism | {
"A": "lives longer than others of its species.",
"B": "competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.",
"C": "mates more frequently than others of its species.",
"D": "leaves more viable offspring than others of its species."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism\nA. lives longer than others of its species.\nB. competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.\nC. mates more frequently than others of its species.\nD. leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of fitness in biology\nFitness in biology refers to an organism's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation.\n\n## Step 2: Relating the concept of fitness to the given options\nThe correct answer should directly relate to the ability of an organism to reproduce and pass on its genes.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of fitness in biology
Fitness in biology refers to an organism's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation. It is a measure of how well an organism is adapted to its environment.
## Step 2: Examining each option
Option A, "lives longer than others of its species," is a possible indicator of fitness, but it is not the most direct or specific definition.
Option B, "competes for resources more successfully than others of its species," is a good indicator of fitness, but it is not the most comprehensive definition.
Option C, "mates more frequently than others of its species," is not a direct indicator of fitness, as it does not necessarily ensure the survival and reproduction of the organism's genes.
Option D, "leaves more viable offspring than others of its species," is the most direct and comprehensive definition of fitness, as it takes into account the organism's ability to survive, reproduce, and pass on its genes to the next generation.
## Step 3: Selecting the best answer
Based on the understanding of fitness in biology and the examination of each option, the best answer is D.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this? | {
"A": "artificial selection",
"B": "directional selection",
"C": "stabilizing selection",
"D": "disruptive selection"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this?\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of selection\nSelection refers to the process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time due to their effects on survival and reproduction.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the type of selection\nIn this scenario, most individuals produce four to five eggs, and those that produce fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. This means that the average number of eggs is being pulled towards a specific value, and individuals that deviate from this average are at a disadvantage.\n\n## Step 3: Defining the types of selection\n- Artificial selection is the process by which humans select for specific traits in a population.\n- Directional selection is the process by which a population becomes more extreme in one direction.\n- Stabilizing selection is the process by which a population becomes more average or intermediate in a particular trait.\n- Disruptive selection is the process by which a population becomes more extreme in two directions.\n\n## Step 4: Matching the scenario to the type of selection\nThe scenario describes a situation where individuals that are average (four to five eggs) have higher fitness, and those that are above or below average have lower fitness. This matches the definition of stabilizing selection.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of selection
Selection refers to the process by which certain traits become more common in a population over time, leading to changes in the population's genetic makeup.
## Step 2: Identify the type of selection
In this scenario, most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch, and those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. This means that the optimal number of eggs is four to five, and deviations from this number are detrimental.
## Step 3: Determine the type of selection
Since the optimal number of eggs is four to five, and deviations from this number are detrimental, this is an example of stabilizing selection. Stabilizing selection acts to maintain the average value of a trait by selecting against extreme values.
## Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options
Artificial selection (A) is a human-imposed selection pressure, directional selection (B) acts to change the average value of a trait, and disruptive selection (D) acts to increase genetic variation by selecting for extreme values.
## Step 5: Choose the correct answer
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is C. stabilizing selection.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution? | {
"A": "The two species live at great distance from each other.",
"B": "The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.",
"C": "The sizes of the structures in adult members of both species are similar in size.",
"D": "Both species are well adapted to their particular environments."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. Which information would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution?\nA. The two species live at great distance from each other.\nB. The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.\nC. The sizes of the structures in adult members of both species are similar in size.\nD. Both species are well adapted to their particular environments.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concepts of homology and convergent evolution\nHomology refers to the existence of shared ancestry between two or more structures or genes, indicating that they evolved from a common ancestral gene or structure. Convergent evolution, on the other hand, refers to the process where organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the key differences between homology and convergent evolution\nA key difference between homology and convergent evolution is the presence of shared genetic material. If two structures are homologous, they are likely to share similar DNA sequences, indicating a common ancestry. In contrast, structures that have evolved convergently are unlikely to share similar DNA sequences.\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing the given options\nOption A mentions the distance between the two species, which is not directly relevant to distinguishing between homology and convergent evolution. Option C mentions the similarity in size of the structures, which could be due to either homology or convergent evolution. Option D mentions the adaptation to environments, which is more relevant to convergent evolution but does not provide information about shared genetic material. Option B mentions the sharing of proteins and almost identical nucleotide sequences, which is a strong indicator of homology.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the best answer\nBased on the analysis, the best answer is the one that provides information about shared genetic material, which is a key characteristic of homology.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 2a75395b82929a2fd544791c19a6d48f7b769e44a514d4fbc179725be6b57228 | [
"b78726ae7d55ddaa5ff605165a8fc8b7dcb032214bcfe6df8fbd6223a749213d"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks for information that would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution. Homology refers to the shared ancestry of organisms, resulting in similar structures performing similar functions. Convergent evolution, on the other hand, occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits as adaptations to similar environments, but these traits are not directly related by common ancestry.
## Step 2: Analyzing the Options
- A. The two species live at great distance from each other. This fact alone does not provide direct evidence for or against homology or convergent evolution, as both processes can occur in species living far apart.
- B. The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical. This information suggests a recent common ancestry, which supports an explanation based on homology rather than convergent evolution.
- C. The sizes of the structures in adult members of both species are similar in size. Similar structure size could support either homology (shared ancestry) or convergent evolution (adaptive convergence), as it does not directly address the question of shared ancestry.
- D. Both species are well adapted to their particular environments. This statement supports an explanation based on convergent evolution, as it implies that similar environmental pressures have led to similar adaptations in unrelated species.
## Step 3: Choosing the Best Answer
Based on the analysis, the best information to distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution is the presence of similar genetic sequences (proteins and nucleotide sequences) shared between the species, which directly supports a recent common ancestry and thus homology.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | When driving from east to west in the U.S. from a forest ecosystem to grasslands, trees gradually give way to grasses. Which of the following is the critical factor responsible for this shift? | {
"A": "Amount of sunlight",
"B": "Availability of oxygen",
"C": "Availability of water",
"D": "Length of growing season"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: When driving from east to west in the U.S. from a forest ecosystem to grasslands, trees gradually give way to grasses. Which of the following is the critical factor responsible for this shift?\nA. Amount of sunlight\nB. Availability of oxygen\nC. Availability of water\nD. Length of growing season\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Consider the factors that influence the shift from forest ecosystems to grasslands.\nThe shift from forest ecosystems to grasslands is primarily influenced by factors such as climate, soil, and precipitation patterns.\n\n## Step 2: Analyze the role of each option in this shift.\n- Option A, amount of sunlight, is a critical factor in plant growth and can influence the type of vegetation that thrives in an area. However, it is not the primary factor responsible for the shift from forests to grasslands.\n- Option B, availability of oxygen, is not a limiting factor for plant growth in most ecosystems, including the transition from forests to grasslands.\n- Option C, availability of water, is a crucial factor in determining the type of vegetation that can grow in an area. Grasslands typically have lower precipitation levels than forests, making water availability a key factor in the shift from forests to grasslands.\n- Option D, length of growing season, can influence the type of vegetation that can grow in an area, but it is not the primary factor responsible for the shift from forests to grasslands.\n\n## Step 3: Determine the critical factor responsible for the shift from forests to grasslands.\nBased on the analysis, the critical factor responsible for the shift from forests to grasslands is the availability of water, as grasslands typically have lower precipitation levels than forests.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | f72b4cc16dde8651409b1170b4feb4f3196bb4f5dbe6fc702deb658709a89b30 | [
"e2224592574b9c8b633959860543e5c8c67649b872afe06cb4964e63139a4c01"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the question
The question asks about the critical factor responsible for the shift from trees to grasses when driving from east to west in the U.S. from a forest ecosystem to grasslands.
## Step 2: Analyze the options
- A. Amount of sunlight: This could affect plant growth, but it's not the primary factor for the shift from trees to grasses in this context.
- B. Availability of oxygen: This is not directly related to the type of vegetation or the geographical shift described.
- C. Availability of water: While water availability affects vegetation, it's not the primary factor for the specific shift from trees to grasses in this scenario.
- D. Length of growing season: This factor is crucial because it affects the types of plants that can grow in a given area. Grasses have a shorter growing season than trees, which are more adaptable to longer growing seasons.
## Step 3: Choose the best answer
Based on the analysis, the critical factor responsible for the shift from trees to grasses is the length of the growing season, as it directly affects the types of vegetation that can thrive in a given area.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Within a cell, the amount of protein synthesized using a given mRNA molecule depends in part on which of the following? | {
"A": "DNA methylation suppresses the expression of genes.",
"B": "Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription, which will determine how much protein is manufactured.",
"C": "The speed with which mRNA is degraded will determine how much protein is synthesized.",
"D": "The location and number of ribosomes in a cell will solely determine how much protein is synthesized."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Within a cell, the amount of protein synthesized using a given mRNA molecule depends in part on which of the following?\nA. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of genes.\nB. Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription, which will determine how much protein is manufactured.\nC. The speed with which mRNA is degraded will determine how much protein is synthesized.\nD. The location and number of ribosomes in a cell will solely determine how much protein is synthesized.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks about the factors that influence the amount of protein synthesized within a cell using a given mRNA molecule.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing option B\nOption B mentions transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to either stimulate or block the transcription of genes into mRNA. This implies that the amount of protein synthesized can be influenced by the presence and activity of transcription factors.\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing option C\nOption C suggests that the speed of mRNA degradation affects protein synthesis. If mRNA is degraded quickly, less protein will be synthesized.\n\n## Step 4: Analyzing option D\nOption D states that the location and number of ribosomes solely determine protein synthesis. While ribosomes are crucial for protein synthesis, this option oversimplifies the process and ignores other regulatory factors.\n\n## Step 5: Analyzing option A\nOption A mentions DNA methylation, which is a process that can suppress gene expression. However, this is a factor that affects gene expression at the level of DNA, not directly at the level of mRNA translation into protein.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nConsidering the options, B and C are directly related to the regulation of protein synthesis from a given mRNA molecule. However, the question asks for the best answer, implying a single choice. Between B and C, both are relevant, but B is more directly related to the initiation of transcription and thus the amount of mRNA available for translation.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 31828615cc03138ced46e30577ceef8f38db3b2b9edebcaef094b37da7faceed | [
"eac985822bb281817b3ad9cb811ed3ae973df1ba4eff2dffff16bdc3b2a5f7bf"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks about the factors that influence the amount of protein synthesis within a cell, specifically focusing on the role of mRNA.
## Step 2: Analyzing the Options
- Option A discusses DNA methylation, which is relevant to gene expression but not directly to the amount of protein synthesis from a given mRNA.
- Option B mentions transcription factors, which indeed play a role in the initiation of transcription and can affect how much protein is manufactured, but it's more about the transcription process than the post-transcriptional synthesis of protein.
- Option C talks about the degradation of mRNA, which can indeed affect how much protein is synthesized, as faster degradation means less time for translation.
- Option D suggests that the location and number of ribosomes solely determine how much protein is synthesized, which simplifies the process but doesn't consider other regulatory mechanisms.
## Step 3: Identifying the Best Answer
Given the information, the best answer should be the one that directly impacts the amount of protein synthesis from a given mRNA molecule. Options A and B are more related to gene expression and transcription, respectively, rather than the synthesis process itself. Option D simplifies the process but doesn't account for regulatory mechanisms. Option C, focusing on mRNA degradation, directly affects the amount of protein that can be translated from a given mRNA.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | All of the following are modes of asexual reproduction EXCEPT | {
"A": "sporulation",
"B": "fission",
"C": "budding",
"D": "meiosis"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: All of the following are modes of asexual reproduction EXCEPT\nA. sporulation\nB. fission\nC. budding\nD. meiosis\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the modes of asexual reproduction\nAsexual reproduction involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, without the involvement of gametes or meiosis. Common modes of asexual reproduction include fission, budding, and sporulation.\n\n## Step 2: Analyze each option\n- Fission (B) is a process where an organism splits into two or more parts, each of which grows into a new individual.\n- Budding (C) is a process where a new organism grows from a bud on the parent organism.\n- Sporulation (A) is a process where an organism produces spores, which can grow into new individuals.\n- Meiosis (D) is a process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction.\n\n## Step 3: Determine which option is not a mode of asexual reproduction\nMeiosis is a process that occurs in sexual reproduction, resulting in the production of gametes, and is not a mode of asexual reproduction.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 8c6f1840a8be56c2c3b685345c91f2578c8393a654b5f978aaf86041138511c1 | [
"324310ae231668082bc8050f96109395b0699174a92964ef1b5c29cd17f6d9b9"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the modes of asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes. It can occur through various methods, including fission, budding, and sporulation.
## Step 2: Examining the options
- A. Sporulation is a mode of asexual reproduction in some organisms, such as fungi and bacteria.
- B. Fission is a common method of asexual reproduction, where an organism divides into two or more parts.
- C. Budding is another form of asexual reproduction, where a new organism grows from the parent organism.
- D. Meiosis is a process that occurs during sexual reproduction, where gametes are produced. It is not a mode of asexual reproduction.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Meiosis is the process that does not fit with the others as a mode of asexual reproduction, as it is specifically associated with sexual reproduction.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A rooster with gray feathers and a hen with the same phenotype produce 17 gray, 7 black, and 8 white chicks. What is the simplest explanation for the inheritance of these colors in chickens? | {
"A": "The trait for gray is epistatic over the trait for black.",
"B": "The trait for gray is epistatic over the trait for white.",
"C": "The traits for black and white color demonstrate incomplete dominance.",
"D": "The traits for black and white color demonstrate codominance."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A rooster with gray feathers and a hen with the same phenotype produce 17 gray, 7 black, and 8 white chicks. What is the simplest explanation for the inheritance of these colors in chickens?\nA. The trait for gray is epistatic over the trait for black.\nB. The trait for gray is epistatic over the trait for white.\nC. The traits for black and white color demonstrate incomplete dominance.\nD. The traits for black and white color demonstrate codominance.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Analyze the given information about the rooster and hen's phenotypes and the offspring's colors.\nThe rooster has gray feathers, and the hen also has gray feathers, indicating that both parents are gray.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the possible genotypes of the parents based on the offspring's colors.\nGiven that the offspring are 17 gray, 7 black, and 8 white, we can infer that the rooster and hen are likely homozygous for the gray allele since they both have gray feathers and are producing offspring with black and white colors.\n\n## Step 3: Consider the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring based on the parents' genotypes.\nIf the parents are homozygous for the gray allele, the offspring's colors can be explained by the presence of the black and white alleles. The 7 black offspring suggest that the hen is a carrier of the black allele, and the 8 white offspring suggest that the hen is also a carrier of the white allele.\n\n## Step 4: Determine the simplest explanation for the inheritance of these colors in chickens.\nThe simplest explanation is that the traits for black and white color demonstrate incomplete dominance, where the black allele is incompletely dominant over the white allele.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 3fa890812bc65acd8cb92e18b54e49d67ba2c44c4ec7f7590d474a297df2cfa3 | [
"849cf9985197ba89a8a5342e1e1eef0c52507b1fc11cce8e54ab58b6830d846f"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Problem
The problem describes the inheritance of feather color in chickens, where a rooster with gray feathers and a hen with the same phenotype produce chicks of different colors. We need to determine the simplest explanation for this inheritance pattern.
## Step 2: Analyzing the Data
The data shows that the chicks are primarily gray (17 out of 32), with a smaller number of black (7) and white (8) chicks. This suggests that the gray phenotype is dominant over the other two.
## Step 3: Considering Epistasis
Epistasis is a phenomenon where one gene affects the expression of another gene. However, in this case, the gray phenotype is not affected by the presence of black or white genes, so epistasis is unlikely.
## Step 4: Considering Incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance occurs when one gene does not completely dominate the other gene. However, the data shows a clear dominant phenotype (gray), so incomplete dominance is unlikely.
## Step 5: Considering Codominance
Codominance occurs when two alleles have an equal effect on the phenotype. However, the data shows a clear dominant phenotype (gray), so codominance is unlikely.
## Step 6: Considering Epistasis Again
Upon re-examining the data, we notice that the gray phenotype is not affected by the presence of black or white genes, but the black and white genes are not affected by each other. This suggests that the gray phenotype is epistatic over the other two.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is correct? | {
"A": "Most CO2 produced during cellular respiration is released from glycolysis.",
"B": "Protons are pumped through ATP synthase by active transport.",
"C": "The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is NAD+.",
"D": "ATP is formed because an endergonic reaction is coupled with an exergonic reaction."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is correct?\nA. Most CO2 produced during cellular respiration is released from glycolysis.\nB. Protons are pumped through ATP synthase by active transport.\nC. The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is NAD+.\nD. ATP is formed because an endergonic reaction is coupled with an exergonic reaction.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the process of cellular respiration\nCellular respiration is a metabolic process that converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It involves three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the source of CO2 in cellular respiration\nMost CO2 produced during cellular respiration is actually released from the citric acid cycle, not glycolysis. Glycolysis produces a small amount of CO2, but it is not the primary source.\n\n## Step 3: Understanding the role of ATP synthase\nATP synthase is an enzyme that uses the energy from the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. This process is an example of chemiosmosis, where energy is harnessed from the movement of protons across a membrane.\n\n## Step 4: Identifying the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain\nThe final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2), not NAD+. NAD+ is a coenzyme that plays a role in the electron transport chain, but it is not the final electron acceptor.\n\n## Step 5: Understanding the process of ATP formation\nATP is formed during cellular respiration through the process of chemiosmosis, where the energy from the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. This process is an example of an exergonic reaction being coupled with an endergonic reaction.\n\n## Step 6: Identifying the correct statement\nBased on the understanding of cellular respiration, the correct statement is that ATP is formed because an exergonic reaction is coupled with an endergonic reaction.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 7f1aacb8e4d7d3cf1f8126bb874e08f7a720ff1b8136623fd4ff96c1be3b0ea8 | [
"6724fb0aa0ddc2e559ee0e856715e2aad4a0504baad47291401e60fe7f18971d"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for the correct statement about cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy from the food they consume.
## Step 2: Evaluating option A
Option A states that most CO2 produced during cellular respiration is released from glycolysis. However, glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. Most CO2 is actually produced in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and the process of cellular respiration as a whole, not just glycolysis.
## Step 3: Evaluating option B
Option B states that protons are pumped through ATP synthase by active transport. This is incorrect because ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP, but it does not involve active transport. Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, whereas ATP synthase uses the energy stored in the proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP in the direction of the gradient.
## Step 4: Evaluating option C
Option C states that the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is NAD+. This is incorrect because NAD+ is an intermediate electron carrier in the electron transport chain. The final electron acceptor is actually oxygen (O2), which is reduced to water (H2O) during the process.
## Step 5: Evaluating option D
Option D states that ATP is formed because an endergonic reaction is coupled with an exergonic reaction. This is correct because ATP is formed when energy is released from an exergonic reaction and used to drive an endergonic reaction. In cellular respiration, the exergonic reaction is the electron transport chain, and the endergonic reaction is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? | {
"A": "Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over a long period of time.",
"B": "Every population has tremendous variation.",
"C": "Mutations are the main source of all variation in a population.",
"D": "Organisms will overpopulate area, giving rise to competition."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?\nA. Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over a long period of time.\nB. Every population has tremendous variation.\nC. Mutations are the main source of all variation in a population.\nD. Organisms will overpopulate area, giving rise to competition.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection\nDarwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is a fundamental concept in biology that explains how species adapt and evolve over time. The theory is based on several key principles.\n\n## Step 2: Examining the given options\nOption A states that evolution is a gradual process that occurs over a long period of time, which is consistent with Darwin's theory. Option B mentions that every population has tremendous variation, which is also a key aspect of the theory. Option D states that organisms will overpopulate an area, giving rise to competition, which is another fundamental principle of Darwin's theory.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect principle\nOption C claims that mutations are the main source of all variation in a population. However, according to Darwin's theory, variation in a population is primarily due to genetic recombination during reproduction, not mutations. Mutations do occur and can provide new genetic variation, but they are not the main source of variation.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is a fundamental concept in biology that explains how species adapt and evolve over time. The theory is based on several key principles.
## Step 2: Examining the Options
- Option A states that evolution is a gradual process that occurs over a long period of time, which aligns with Darwin's theory.
- Option B mentions that every population has tremendous variation, which is also a core concept of Darwin's theory.
- Option C suggests that mutations are the main source of all variation in a population. While mutations do contribute to variation, they are not the sole source. Other factors like gene flow, genetic drift, and genetic recombination also play significant roles.
- Option D states that organisms will overpopulate their area, giving rise to competition, which is another key principle of Darwin's theory.
## Step 3: Identifying the Incorrect Statement
Given the principles of Darwin's theory, we can identify that mutations are not the only source of variation in a population. This means that option C, which claims mutations are the main source of all variation, is not entirely accurate and thus not part of Darwin's theory as stated.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the | {
"A": "more similar their habitats are.",
"B": "less similar their DNA sequences are.",
"C": "more recently they shared a common ancestor.",
"D": "less likely they are to have the same genes in common."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the\nA. more similar their habitats are.\nB. less similar their DNA sequences are.\nC. more recently they shared a common ancestor.\nD. less likely they are to have the same genes in common.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question is asking about the relationship between the relatedness of two organisms and their characteristics, specifically their DNA sequences and the likelihood of having the same genes in common.\n\n## Step 2: Applying Darwin's thinking\nAccording to Darwin's theory of evolution, the more closely related two organisms are, the more recently they shared a common ancestor. This means that they have had less time to accumulate genetic differences.\n\n## Step 3: Relating relatedness to DNA sequences and gene similarity\nGiven that closely related organisms have had less time to accumulate genetic differences, it follows that their DNA sequences will be more similar. Additionally, because they are more closely related, they are more likely to have the same genes in common.\n\n## Step 4: Eliminating incorrect options\nOption A is incorrect because the relatedness of two organisms does not directly determine their habitats. Option B is incorrect because closely related organisms will have more similar DNA sequences, not less similar. Option D is incorrect because closely related organisms are more likely to have the same genes in common, not less likely.\n\n## Step 5: Selecting the correct answer\nBased on the reasoning above, the correct answer is the one that states that the more closely related two different organisms are, the more recently they shared a common ancestor.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about the relationship between the closeness of genetic relationship and the time since sharing a common ancestor in Darwin's thinking.
## Step 2: Analyzing the options
- Option A suggests that similar habitats are related to genetic closeness, which is not directly related to the concept of shared ancestry.
- Option B implies that closer genetic relationship is associated with less similarity in DNA sequences, which contradicts the basic concept of genetic similarity.
- Option C directly addresses the relationship between genetic closeness and the time since sharing a common ancestor, which is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology.
- Option D suggests that closer genetic relationship is less likely to have the same genes in common, which is also not true as similar species are more likely to have similar genes due to shared ancestry.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes the relationship between genetic closeness and the time since sharing a common ancestor.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is most likely to increase the rate of diffusion of an uncharged solute across the plasma membrane of a cell? | {
"A": "Decreasing the number of different solutes in the solution that bathes the cells",
"B": "Increasing the concentration gradient of the solute across the membrane",
"C": "Increasing the ratio of phospholipids to proteins in the membrane",
"D": "Decreasing the membrane potential across the membrane"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is most likely to increase the rate of diffusion of an uncharged solute across the plasma membrane of a cell?\nA. Decreasing the number of different solutes in the solution that bathes the cells\nB. Increasing the concentration gradient of the solute across the membrane\nC. Increasing the ratio of phospholipids to proteins in the membrane\nD. Decreasing the membrane potential across the membrane\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the factors that affect diffusion across the plasma membrane\nThe rate of diffusion across the plasma membrane is influenced by several factors, including the concentration gradient of the solute, the permeability of the membrane to the solute, and the presence of any transport proteins.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the effect of the concentration gradient on diffusion\nA concentration gradient is a difference in concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of the substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Increasing the concentration gradient of the solute across the membrane would increase the rate of diffusion, as there is a greater driving force for the solute to move from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the effect of the other options on diffusion\nDecreasing the number of different solutes in the solution (A) would not directly affect the rate of diffusion of a specific uncharged solute. Increasing the ratio of phospholipids to proteins in the membrane (C) would not necessarily increase the rate of diffusion, as the presence of proteins can increase the permeability of the membrane to certain solutes. Decreasing the membrane potential across the membrane (D) would not directly affect the rate of diffusion of an uncharged solute, as uncharged solutes are not affected by the membrane potential.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the most likely option to increase the rate of diffusion\nBased on the understanding of the factors that affect diffusion, increasing the concentration gradient of the solute across the membrane (B) is the most likely option to increase the rate of diffusion of an uncharged solute across the plasma membrane.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 2536ceeedec59c59b29f9164dbc0091b613a0094b73831e11c514254cbe99fbb | [
"97283d809948b365fcc02682cf1eaa53c3ea17deea030746374fad01da6796e2"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks which of the following is most likely to increase the rate of diffusion of an uncharged solute across the plasma membrane of a cell.
## Step 2: Analyzing the Options
- Option A: Decreasing the number of different solutes in the solution that bathes the cells. This does not directly affect the diffusion rate of an uncharged solute.
- Option B: Increasing the concentration gradient of the solute across the membrane. A greater concentration gradient increases the rate of diffusion according to Fick's laws of diffusion.
- Option C: Increasing the ratio of phospholipids to proteins in the membrane. The composition of the membrane does not directly affect the diffusion rate of an uncharged solute in a straightforward manner.
- Option D: Decreasing the membrane potential across the membrane. The membrane potential primarily affects the diffusion of charged particles, not uncharged solutes.
## Step 3: Identifying the Correct Answer
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is the option that directly affects the diffusion rate of an uncharged solute by increasing the concentration gradient.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In a certain pond, there are long-finned fish and short-finned fish. A horrific summer thunderstorm leads to the death of a disproportionate number of long-finned fish to the point where the relative frequency of the two forms has drastically shifted. This is an example of | {
"A": "gene flow.",
"B": "natural selection.",
"C": "genetic drift.",
"D": "stabilizing selection."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In a certain pond, there are long-finned fish and short-finned fish. A horrific summer thunderstorm leads to the death of a disproportionate number of long-finned fish to the point where the relative frequency of the two forms has drastically shifted. This is an example of\nA. gene flow.\nB. natural selection.\nC. genetic drift.\nD. stabilizing selection.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key elements of the scenario\nThe scenario describes a change in the population frequency of long-finned and short-finned fish due to a specific environmental event (a summer thunderstorm).\n\n## Step 2: Determine the mechanism of change\nThe change in population frequency is a result of the death of a disproportionate number of long-finned fish, which suggests that the environment (in this case, the storm) has favored the survival of one trait (short-finned fish) over another (long-finned fish).\n\n## Step 3: Match the scenario to the correct evolutionary mechanism\n- Gene flow (A) refers to the movement of individuals with different genes into a population, which is not directly relevant to the scenario.\n- Natural selection (B) is the process by which the environment favors the survival and reproduction of individuals with certain traits, leading to a change in the population's gene frequency. This matches the scenario.\n- Genetic drift (C) is the random change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over time, which does not fit the scenario as it involves a specific environmental event.\n- Stabilizing selection (D) is a type of natural selection that favors the average or intermediate trait, which is not what is described in the scenario.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer based on the analysis\nThe scenario describes a change in the population frequency of fish due to a specific environmental event favoring one trait over another, which is a classic example of natural selection.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | dd1f1e871c807d50372bfbcd392634d48aed03bfa7ba6ffebe727d7724b45fc4 | [
"1d80df085c3c77edc0f07b7b9399206995b0285267277ef5250a5368eb56f044"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the scenario
The scenario describes a sudden change in the population dynamics of two types of fish in a pond due to a natural event (a summer thunderstorm), leading to a shift in their relative frequencies.
## Step 2: Identifying the process
The process described involves a change in the frequency of alleles (forms) of a gene in a population due to chance events, rather than due to selection pressures or migration.
## Step 3: Eliminating options
- A. Gene flow refers to the transfer of genes from one population to another, which doesn't fit the scenario of a sudden change within a single population due to a natural disaster.
- B. Natural selection refers to the process by which populations adapt to their environment through the survival and reproduction of individuals better suited to their environment, which doesn't fit the scenario of a sudden shift due to a disaster rather than an adaptive response.
- D. Stabilizing selection refers to the process where individuals with intermediate traits are favored over extreme variants, which doesn't fit the scenario of a sudden shift in frequencies due to a disaster.
## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer
Given the elimination process, the correct answer is the one that describes the change in gene frequencies due to chance events within a population.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A form of species interaction in which one of the species benefits while the other is unaffected is called | {
"A": "parasitism.",
"B": "mutualism.",
"C": "commensalism.",
"D": "symbiosis."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A form of species interaction in which one of the species benefits while the other is unaffected is called\nA. parasitism.\nB. mutualism.\nC. commensalism.\nD. symbiosis.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the characteristics of each type of species interaction.\n- Parasitism is a relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed.\n- Mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit.\n- Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.\n- Symbiosis is a broad term that encompasses all types of close, long-term relationships between different species.\n\n## Step 2: Determine which type of interaction matches the description given in the question.\nThe question describes a relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected, which matches the definition of commensalism.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 50aa1d942effdb16fb1e2a4c2dc85ade7c2ce795e4bf499f957fa1449c6274b2 | [
"cf10f3e21fc4913a745da8274ad0ee2f1820d2e2f09024f84e893f70b0800685"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the definitions of the given options
- Parasitism is a relationship where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other organism, the host.
- Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Commensalism is a relationship where one organism, the commensal, is benefited while the other organism is unaffected.
- Symbiosis is a broader term that refers to any close and long-term relationship between different biological species.
## Step 2: Identify the correct relationship based on the definitions
Given that one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, this description fits the definition of commensalism.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Chemical substances released by organisms that elicit a physiological or behavioral response in other members of the same species are known as | {
"A": "auxins",
"B": "hormones",
"C": "pheromones",
"D": "enzymes"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Chemical substances released by organisms that elicit a physiological or behavioral response in other members of the same species are known as\nA. auxins\nB. hormones\nC. pheromones\nD. enzymes\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key characteristics of the substances in question.\nThe substances in question are released by organisms and elicit a response in other members of the same species.\n\n## Step 2: Match the key characteristics with the options provided.\n- Auxins (A) are plant hormones involved in cell elongation and cell division, not relevant to interspecies communication.\n- Hormones (B) are chemical messengers in animals, but the term is too broad and doesn't specifically imply interspecies communication.\n- Pheromones (C) are chemical substances released by an individual that elicit a response in other members of the same species, fitting the description.\n- Enzymes (D) are biological molecules, typically proteins, that speed up chemical reactions in the body, not related to interspecies communication.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 532a30eac6ee72f5be6f78c30fc1c9d7fa05ae6e2e4d701ce124182a52118d1a | [
"cea52c4643ba9d3688164979ce5afeb076897e934dabcd528d870685b79494b9"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the question
The question is asking about the term for chemical substances released by organisms that elicit a physiological or behavioral response in other members of the same species.
## Step 2: Evaluate the options
- auxins: These are plant growth regulators, not related to physiological or behavioral responses between organisms.
- hormones: While hormones are chemical substances, the term is too broad and not specific to interorganism communication.
- pheromones: These are chemical substances released by an organism that elicit a physiological or behavioral response in other members of the same species.
- enzymes: These are biological catalysts and not related to interorganism communication.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer
Based on the evaluation, the correct answer is the term specifically referring to chemical substances that elicit a physiological or behavioral response in other members of the same species.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In reference to a segment of DNA, which of the following molecules contains the fewest number of nucleotides? | {
"A": "a single strand of the original DNA segment",
"B": "a single strand of the original DNA segment after a point mutation",
"C": "the primary RNA transcript (before splicing) from the original DNA",
"D": "a single strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In reference to a segment of DNA, which of the following molecules contains the fewest number of nucleotides?\nA. a single strand of the original DNA segment\nB. a single strand of the original DNA segment after a point mutation\nC. the primary RNA transcript (before splicing) from the original DNA\nD. a single strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Consider the original DNA segment and its single strand.\nThe original DNA segment is a double-stranded molecule, meaning it contains two strands of nucleotides.\n\n## Step 2: Consider the effect of a point mutation on a single strand of DNA.\nA point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide, but it does not change the overall number of nucleotides in the strand.\n\n## Step 3: Consider the primary RNA transcript before splicing.\nThe primary RNA transcript is a direct copy of one strand of the DNA, but it includes introns (non-coding regions) that are later removed during splicing. However, the question asks about the number of nucleotides before splicing, so we consider the full transcript.\n\n## Step 4: Consider the single strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA.\ncDNA is synthesized from a single strand of DNA, so it contains the same number of nucleotides as the original single strand of DNA.\n\n## Step 5: Compare the number of nucleotides in each option.\n- A single strand of the original DNA segment contains the same number of nucleotides as the original double-stranded DNA.\n- A single strand of the original DNA segment after a point mutation still contains the same number of nucleotides.\n- The primary RNA transcript (before splicing) contains the same number of nucleotides as the original DNA strand, including introns.\n- A single strand of complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA contains the same number of nucleotides as the original single strand of DNA.\n\n## Step 6: Determine which option contains the fewest number of nucleotides.\nSince all options except for the original double-stranded DNA contain the same number of nucleotides as the original single strand, we need to consider the original double-stranded DNA. However, the question asks for the fewest number of nucleotides, and since the original double-stranded DNA has twice the number of nucleotides as the single strand, the single strand of the original DNA segment actually contains the fewest number of nucleotides.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 3f1faa8ba060aeb79d075a40a78a8096593d02b2aad33b59080f8ee475915384 | [
"d69c81816ed3b54d1985d1aa83bc4601c97b424b81aeac10ed62a82ad17fc3c5"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about the number of nucleotides in different molecular forms of a segment of DNA.
## Step 2: Analyzing option A
A single strand of the original DNA segment contains the same number of nucleotides as the double-stranded DNA, just rearranged.
## Step 3: Analyzing option B
A point mutation does not change the number of nucleotides in the segment; it changes one of the nucleotides.
## Step 4: Analyzing option C
The primary RNA transcript contains the same number of nucleotides as the original DNA segment because it is a direct transcription of the DNA.
## Step 5: Analyzing option D
Complementary DNA (cDNA) made from the original DNA contains the same number of nucleotides as the original DNA segment because it is a complementary copy of the DNA.
## Step 6: Conclusion
All options except one contain the same number of nucleotides as the original DNA segment. However, the question asks for the fewest number of nucleotides. A point mutation (B) results in a single nucleotide change, but the segment still contains the same number of nucleotides as the original. However, considering the nature of the question, we must identify the option that inherently contains fewer nucleotides due to the process described. The correct answer is not explicitly the one with the least number of nucleotides but the one that, through the process described, results in a segment with the least number of nucleotides in comparison to the original.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | All viruses contain at least these two principal components: | {
"A": "DNA and proteins",
"B": "nucleic acid and a capsid",
"C": "DNA and cell membrane",
"D": "RNA and cell wall"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: All viruses contain at least these two principal components:\nA. DNA and proteins\nB. nucleic acid and a capsid\nC. DNA and cell membrane\nD. RNA and cell wall\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the basic components of a virus\nViruses are known to be composed of genetic material and a protein coat.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the specific components\nThe genetic material can be either DNA or RNA, and the protein coat is known as a capsid.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | d5324c558ce0e8118c39ec40fd082385825ef07b77a8c39248cdd8401cb6091a | [
"589a9bfe188e6a1e1029d581ccb33784494c922ccd8a0a719a2a22c8bb455890"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the principal components of a virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside the living cells of an organism. The principal components of a virus include its genetic material and a protein coat.
## Step 2: Determine the genetic material
Viruses can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, but not both. However, the question asks for the "at least" condition, so we consider the minimum requirement for any virus.
## Step 3: Consider the protein coat
The protein coat of a virus is known as the capsid, which provides structural support and protection for the genetic material.
## Step 4: Evaluate the options
Option A (DNA and proteins) is incorrect because it implies that all viruses have both DNA and proteins, which is not the case. Option C (DNA and cell membrane) is incorrect because viruses do not have a cell membrane. Option D (RNA and cell wall) is incorrect because viruses do not have a cell wall.
## Step 5: Choose the correct option
Option B (nucleic acid and a capsid) is the correct answer because it accurately describes the two principal components of a virus.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Imagine an organism whose 2n = 96. Meiosis would leave this organism’s cells with how many chromosomes? | {
"A": "192",
"B": "96",
"C": "48",
"D": "24"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Imagine an organism whose 2n = 96. Meiosis would leave this organism’s cells with how many chromosomes?\nA. 192\nB. 96\nC. 48\nD. 24\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the question\nThe question asks how many chromosomes an organism's cells would have after meiosis, given that the organism has 96 chromosomes in its diploid cells (2n = 96).\n\n## Step 2: Recall the effect of meiosis on chromosome number\nMeiosis is a process that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in haploid cells. This means that if an organism has 96 chromosomes in its diploid cells, its haploid cells (resulting from meiosis) would have half that number.\n\n## Step 3: Calculate the number of chromosomes after meiosis\nTo find the number of chromosomes after meiosis, we divide the number of chromosomes in the diploid cells by 2. So, 96 / 2 = 48.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 472428b6e6a85b606e1d6bd79fc225ede6890636fccb62d30043ac1ca8c8b5b4 | [
"e9035f6b57c65ad0b6f5da83ac51cd86d29eedc5d36b2a71aedab9ca2d7762f4"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of meiosis and its effect on the number of chromosomes.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the offspring cells to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cells.
## Step 2: Determine the number of chromosomes in the offspring cells after meiosis.
Given that 2n = 96, this means the organism has 96 chromosomes in its diploid cells. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved to produce gametes (sperm or eggs) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cells.
## Step 3: Calculate the number of chromosomes in the gametes.
To find the number of chromosomes in the gametes, we divide the total number of chromosomes in the diploid cells by 2. So, 96 / 2 = 48.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus? | {
"A": "All species are fixed in the form in which they are created.",
"B": "Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.",
"C": "Earth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals.",
"D": "The environment is responsible for natural selection."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?\nA. All species are fixed in the form in which they are created.\nB. Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.\nC. Earth changed over the years through a series of catastrophic upheavals.\nD. The environment is responsible for natural selection.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key concept related to Thomas Malthus' writings that Darwin learned from.\nThomas Malthus' work is key to understanding Darwin's theory of evolution. Malthus' writings focused on population growth and the limitations it imposes on resources.\n\n## Step 2: Relate Malthus' concept to Darwin's theory of evolution.\nDarwin's theory of evolution through natural selection is heavily influenced by Malthus' idea that populations tend to grow faster than their food supply, leading to competition for resources and, consequently, the survival of the fittest.\n\n## Step 3: Match the concept to the given options.\nOption B directly reflects Malthus' idea that populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows, which is a fundamental concept Darwin applied to his theory of evolution.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 981346a76fe75823e83abe95726e43e7a33a09a8870a03015f42bff7327e27cd | [
"3c931daf96a727652def5a23bd907fd57d55486487b836527899ef9e11dd30f0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the context of the question
The question asks about an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus, which is related to evolution and population growth.
## Step 2: Recall the ideas of Thomas Malthus
Malthus is known for his theory on population growth, specifically that populations tend to increase faster than their food supply allows, leading to poverty and famine.
## Step 3: Compare the options with Malthus' ideas
Option B states "Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows," which directly corresponds with Malthus' theory.
## Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options
Option A is incorrect because it describes a static view of species, which is not related to Malthus' ideas. Option C is incorrect as it describes geological changes, not population growth. Option D is incorrect because it suggests the environment is responsible for natural selection, whereas Malthus' ideas were more about population dynamics.
## Step 5: Conclude the correct answer
Based on the comparison and elimination, the correct answer is the one that matches Malthus' idea about population growth.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following would most likely describe the fate of a vesicle formed as a result of phagocytosis? | {
"A": "The vesicle merges with a mitochondrion.",
"B": "The vesicle merges with a lysosome.",
"C": "The vesicle is shuttled to the nucleus, and its contents become part of the nucleolus.",
"D": "The vesicle releases its contents to the cytoplasm to be digested."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following would most likely describe the fate of a vesicle formed as a result of phagocytosis?\nA. The vesicle merges with a mitochondrion.\nB. The vesicle merges with a lysosome.\nC. The vesicle is shuttled to the nucleus, and its contents become part of the nucleolus.\nD. The vesicle releases its contents to the cytoplasm to be digested.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Phagocytosis is a process where a cell engulfs a foreign particle or microorganism.\nThis process involves the formation of a vesicle around the particle, which is then internalized by the cell.\n\n## Step 2: The vesicle formed through phagocytosis typically contains the engulfed particle and is then directed to a specific organelle for degradation.\nThis process is crucial for the cell to eliminate foreign substances and recycle cellular components.\n\n## Step 3: The organelle that the vesicle is directed to for degradation is a lysosome.\nLysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down the contents of the vesicle, allowing the cell to recycle the components.\n\n## Step 4: The fusion of the vesicle with the lysosome results in the release of the digestive enzymes into the vesicle.\nThese enzymes then break down the contents of the vesicle, effectively degrading the foreign particle.\n\n## Step 5: The breakdown products of the vesicle are then recycled by the cell.\nThis process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the accumulation of foreign substances.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 25b4ce635eb8ca0c70bca5ac5dee382c48042e9c0325752d4e7cf924133bd5fb | [
"32b8ff2c39bf4c9ac644d0e1a92530e04bf0baa49d2e4dc23c9bc9e74a13cde3"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the process of phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a process by which cells engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, or microorganisms. This process involves the formation of a vesicle that surrounds the ingested material.
## Step 2: Identifying the fate of the vesicle formed during phagocytosis
The vesicle formed during phagocytosis is designed to digest the ingested material. This digestion process requires the presence of digestive enzymes, which are typically found in organelles called lysosomes.
## Step 3: Relating the fate of the vesicle to the given options
Given the purpose of the vesicle formed during phagocytosis, we can determine that it would most likely merge with a lysosome to facilitate the digestion process.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A population undergoes a shift in which those who are really tall and those who are really short decrease in relative frequency compared to those of medium size, due to a change in the availability of resources. This is an example of | {
"A": "directional selection.",
"B": "stabilizing selection.",
"C": "disruptive selection.",
"D": "sympatric speciation."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A population undergoes a shift in which those who are really tall and those who are really short decrease in relative frequency compared to those of medium size, due to a change in the availability of resources. This is an example of\nA. directional selection.\nB. stabilizing selection.\nC. disruptive selection.\nD. sympatric speciation.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the type of selection described in the question.\nThe question describes a scenario where the population undergoes a shift towards medium size individuals, away from both tall and short individuals, due to a change in resource availability.\n\n## Step 2: Identify the characteristics of each type of selection.\n- Directional selection favors individuals at one extreme of a trait.\n- Stabilizing selection favors individuals at the average or middle of a trait.\n- Disruptive selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait.\n- Sympatric speciation is a process of speciation that occurs without geographic isolation.\n\n## Step 3: Match the scenario with the correct type of selection.\nGiven that the population shifts towards medium size individuals, away from both extremes, this matches the description of stabilizing selection, which favors the average or middle of a trait.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 6989374ecb059320dba5009927d346612acd8a9573e9a2dd2d6dc1bbc77211e1 | [
"df5325f9ffa7e91097482d70ea7f62cebd23762ecb8b803d6512851060559153"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of selection types
To solve this, we need to understand the different types of selection that can occur in a population. Selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive based on how the fitness of individuals changes in relation to their traits.
## Step 2: Identify the characteristics of each selection type
- Directional selection occurs when there is a consistent advantage to being at one end of the spectrum of a particular trait, leading to an increase in the frequency of that trait.
- Stabilizing selection occurs when there is a consistent advantage to being at the average or middle value of a particular trait, leading to an increase in the frequency of that average trait.
- Disruptive selection occurs when there is an advantage to being at either end of the spectrum of a particular trait, leading to an increase in the frequency of individuals at both ends of the spectrum.
## Step 3: Apply the definitions to the given scenario
The scenario describes a situation where both the tallest and shortest individuals decrease in relative frequency compared to those of medium size. This suggests that the advantage is not at one end of the spectrum (directional selection) nor at the average (stabilizing selection), but rather at both ends (disruptive selection).
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer based on the analysis
Given the description, the scenario fits the definition of disruptive selection, where there is an advantage to being at either end of a spectrum, leading to a decrease in the frequency of the middle trait.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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ght_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following theories is based on the notion that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells? | {
"A": "Fluid mosaic model",
"B": "Endosymbiotic model",
"C": "Taxonomic model",
"D": "Respiration feedback model"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following theories is based on the notion that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells?\nA. Fluid mosaic model\nB. Endosymbiotic model\nC. Taxonomic model\nD. Respiration feedback model\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key concept in the question\nThe question is asking about a theory related to the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are organelles found in eukaryotic cells.\n\n## Step 2: Recall the theories related to the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts\nThere are several theories, but the one that specifically addresses the notion that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells is the endosymbiotic theory.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options\n- A. Fluid mosaic model: This is a model of cell membrane structure, not related to the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.\n- C. Taxonomic model: This is a model used in taxonomy, not related to the origin of organelles.\n- D. Respiration feedback model: This is not a recognized theory related to the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer\nGiven the elimination of the other options, the correct answer is the one that matches the endosymbiotic theory.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 0bc75e19cb5553e4957419f1fc27b664c185e8041798fc2d638f2ddd061f10b7 | [
"1da5d51cb7ec26b2270c417a47ce7126d62c8a95ff5c19c48195840833811a4e"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about a theory that is based on the notion that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells.
## Step 2: Identifying the relevant theory
The theory that fits this description is the Endosymbiotic model. This model proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells and eventually became endosymbionts, eventually leading to the formation of these organelles.
## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options
The Fluid mosaic model is a model of the structure of cell membranes, not related to the evolution of organelles. The Taxonomic model is a method of classification, not relevant to the evolution of organelles. The Respiration feedback model does not appear to be a recognized theory related to the evolution of organelles.
## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer
Based on the understanding of the Endosymbiotic model and the elimination of other options, the correct answer is the Endosymbiotic model.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule is 5′-C-A-T-3′. A mRNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA in the process of protein synthesis a tRNA pairs with a mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon? | {
"A": "5′-G-T-A-3′",
"B": "5′-G-U-A-3′",
"C": "5′-C-A-U-3′",
"D": "5-′U-A-C-3′"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule is 5′-C-A-T-3′. A mRNA molecule with a complementary codon is transcribed from the DNA in the process of protein synthesis a tRNA pairs with a mRNA codon. What is the nucleotide sequence of the tRNA anticodon?\nA. 5′-G-T-A-3′\nB. 5′-G-U-A-3′\nC. 5′-C-A-U-3′\nD. 5-′U-A-C-3′\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the base pairing rules between DNA and mRNA.\nIn DNA to mRNA transcription, the base pairing rules are as follows: Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with Uracil (U) in mRNA, Thymine (T) in DNA pairs with Adenine (A) in mRNA, and Cytosine (C) in DNA pairs with Guanine (G) in mRNA.\n\n## Step 2: Apply the base pairing rules to find the mRNA codon.\nGiven the DNA sequence 5′-C-A-T-3′, we can apply the base pairing rules to find the complementary mRNA codon. The mRNA codon will be 5′-G-U-A-3′.\n\n## Step 3: Identify the base pairing rules between mRNA and tRNA.\nIn mRNA to tRNA translation, the base pairing rules are as follows: Adenine (A) in mRNA pairs with Uracil (U) in tRNA, Uracil (U) in mRNA pairs with Adenine (A) in tRNA, Cytosine (C) in mRNA pairs with Guanine (G) in tRNA, and Guanine (G) in mRNA pairs with Cytosine (C) in tRNA.\n\n## Step 4: Apply the base pairing rules to find the tRNA anticodon.\nGiven the mRNA codon 5′-G-U-A-3′, we can apply the base pairing rules to find the complementary tRNA anticodon. The tRNA anticodon will be 5′-C-A-U-3′.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | c449e0c1b5b688194fb18e20760a15f8309b9c5e6b9760fe4ba37b558dd9c487 | [
"c26959dfe417fa5f44a97ec83b0d3c4f3e85600e7f444bc5918f893b47a61575"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the given DNA nucleotide sequence
The given DNA nucleotide sequence is 5′-C-A-T-3′.
## Step 2: Determine the complementary nucleotide sequence for transcription into mRNA
During transcription, the complementary nucleotide sequence of the DNA is used to create the mRNA. The complementary nucleotides are:
- A → U
- C → G
- G → C
- T → A
## Step 3: Apply the complementary nucleotides to the given DNA sequence to find the mRNA sequence
Applying the complementary nucleotides to the given DNA sequence:
- C → G
- A → U
- T → A
- A → U
The resulting mRNA sequence is 5′-G-U-A-3′.
## Step 4: Identify the complementary nucleotide sequence for the tRNA anticodon
The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon. Since the mRNA sequence is 5′-G-U-A-3′, the complementary nucleotide sequence for the tRNA anticodon is:
- G → C
- U → A
- A → U
However, considering the context of pairing between tRNA and mRNA, the correct approach is to find the complementary sequence that would pair with the given mRNA sequence. Given the mistake in the direct application of complementary nucleotides for tRNA anticodon, we correct the approach by understanding that the tRNA anticodon would pair with the mRNA codon in a complementary manner, but the actual pairing in the context of tRNA-mRNA interaction involves the anticodon pairing with the codon in a manner that respects the base pairing rules (A-U, U-A, G-C, C-G). Thus, the correct sequence for the tRNA anticodon that would pair with the given mRNA sequence should be directly complementary to the codon sequence, which in this explanation was mistakenly described. The correct approach should directly consider the pairing rules for tRNA-mRNA interaction.
## Step 5: Correctly identify the tRNA anticodon sequence
Given the mistake in the explanation, let's correct the approach by directly identifying the correct sequence based on the pairing rules:
- For the given mRNA sequence 5′-G-U-A-3′, the correct complementary sequence for a tRNA anticodon would pair in a manner that respects the base pairing rules. However, the explanation incorrectly applied the complementary rule for tRNA anticodon identification. The correct sequence should be directly complementary to the codon in the context of tRNA-mRNA interaction, but the explanation mistakenly applied the complementary rule without considering the correct pairing rules.
## Step 6: Re-evaluate the correct answer based on the corrected understanding of tRNA-mRNA interaction
Given the incorrect explanation in Step 4 and Step 5, let's correct the understanding:
- The correct sequence for the tRNA anticodon that would pair with the given mRNA sequence 5′-G-U-A-3′ should be directly complementary to the codon sequence in the context of tRNA-mRNA interaction, considering the correct base pairing rules (A-U, U-A, G-C, C-G). However, the explanation incorrectly applied the complementary rule without providing the correct sequence based on these rules.
## Step 7: Correctly identify the answer based on the corrected understanding
Given the mistake in the explanation, let's correct the answer:
- The correct sequence for the tRNA anticodon that would pair with the given mRNA sequence 5′-G-U-A-3′, considering the correct base pairing rules (A-U, U-A, G-C, C-G), should be directly identified. However, the explanation incorrectly applied the complementary rule without providing the correct sequence.
The final answer is: $\boxed{B}$<|eot_id|> | 0 | |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection? | {
"A": "Small birds gaining larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts.",
"B": "Small birds mutating their beak genes with the result that later-generation offspring have larger beaks.",
"C": "Small birds anticipating the long drought and eating more to gain weight and, consequently, growing larger beaks.",
"D": "More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?\nA. Small birds gaining larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts.\nB. Small birds mutating their beak genes with the result that later-generation offspring have larger beaks.\nC. Small birds anticipating the long drought and eating more to gain weight and, consequently, growing larger beaks.\nD. More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the scenario\nThe Galapagos is experiencing a drought, leading to a scarcity of easily eaten seeds, which are now mostly replaced by large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the selective pressure\nThe selective pressure here is the availability of food sources, specifically the large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. This means that birds with smaller beaks are at a disadvantage because they cannot access these food sources.\n\n## Step 3: Applying the concept of natural selection\nNatural selection favors individuals with traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in a given environment. In this case, birds with larger beaks are better equipped to survive and reproduce because they can access the food sources that are available.\n\n## Step 4: Predicting the outcome of natural selection\nGiven the selective pressure and the mechanism of natural selection, we can predict that over time, the population of birds on the Galapagos will shift towards having a higher percentage of birds with larger beaks.\n\n## Step 5: Selecting the correct answer\nBased on the understanding of the scenario, the selective pressure, the application of natural selection, and the predicted outcome, we can select the correct answer.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | a13da87ed4cf421f456debffaa948d139e22196b82aeec2e170e2321dc93a94c | [
"6c5522d252e2b9f933ff198ce8bc39679ea05060211cef600503aa7a6458bed3"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the scenario
The Galapagos Islands experience droughts, making small, easily eaten seeds rare. Large, hard-cased seeds remain, which only birds with large beaks can eat.
## Step 2: Identifying the effect of natural selection
During a drought, birds with large beaks have a better chance of survival because they can eat the large, hard-cased seeds. This means that birds with large beaks are more likely to reproduce.
## Step 3: Considering the options
- Option A suggests that small birds can gain larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts. This is not a plausible explanation for the evolution of larger beaks.
- Option B implies that small birds can mutate their beak genes to grow larger beaks. While genetic mutation is a possible mechanism for evolution, it is not the direct result of natural selection in this scenario.
- Option C suggests that small birds can anticipate the drought and grow larger beaks by eating more. This is not a biologically plausible explanation.
- Option D states that more small-beaked birds will die than larger-beaked birds, leading to a higher percentage of birds with large beaks in subsequent generations. This is a direct result of natural selection, where birds with a beneficial trait (large beaks) are more likely to survive and reproduce.
## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer
Based on the understanding of natural selection and the scenario described, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes the outcome of natural selection on the bird population.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asexual reproduction in animals? | {
"A": "Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.",
"B": "Daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.",
"C": "The parent cell produces diploid cells.",
"D": "The daughter cells fuse to form a zygote."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asexual reproduction in animals?\nA. Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.\nB. Daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.\nC. The parent cell produces diploid cells.\nD. The daughter cells fuse to form a zygote.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the characteristics of asexual reproduction in animals\nAsexual reproduction in animals typically involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, without the involvement of gametes (sperm or egg cells).\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options given\n- Option A states that daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, which is true for asexual reproduction since it involves mitosis, where each daughter cell receives the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.\n- Option B states that daughter cells are identical to the parent cell, which is also true for asexual reproduction as it results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.\n- Option C states that the parent cell produces diploid cells, which is true for asexual reproduction in animals since the parent cell is typically diploid and the offspring are also diploid.\n- Option D states that the daughter cells fuse to form a zygote, which is not characteristic of asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are produced without the fusion of gametes, whereas in sexual reproduction, gametes fuse to form a zygote.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the characteristic that is NOT of asexual reproduction\nBased on the analysis, the characteristic that is NOT of asexual reproduction is the fusion of daughter cells to form a zygote, which is a process more associated with sexual reproduction.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | d564c4dda53624ed3534578ab24a4c2c419cf74f13579f002339c08dd7534f90 | [
"614574180a0083956ee057ff253288b9ddd00947f397ff7b7c8544d0e5b2ae59"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the characteristics of asexual reproduction in animals
Asexual reproduction in animals typically involves the production of offspring without the fusion of gametes. This process can occur through various methods, such as binary fission, budding, or parthenogenesis.
## Step 2: Analyze each option given
- Option A: Daughter cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell is a characteristic of asexual reproduction because it ensures the genetic continuity of the species.
- Option B: Daughter cells being identical to the parent cell is also a characteristic of asexual reproduction, as it implies that the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
- Option C: The parent cell producing diploid cells is a characteristic of asexual reproduction, as it ensures that the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
- Option D: The daughter cells fusing to form a zygote is not a characteristic of asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are produced without the fusion of gametes, which is a defining feature of sexual reproduction.
## Step 3: Identify the correct answer based on the analysis
The correct answer is the option that does not describe a characteristic of asexual reproduction in animals.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might be true? | {
"A": "The amount of available food may have increased.",
"B": "The number of predators may have decreased.",
"C": "The squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of genetic variation than previous generations, because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive.",
"D": "A, B, and C"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might be true?\nA. The amount of available food may have increased.\nB. The number of predators may have decreased.\nC. The squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of genetic variation than previous generations, because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive.\nD. A, B, and C\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Analyze the given information about the population of squirrels.\nThe population of squirrels was never fewer than 30 and never more than 45, indicating a stable range. The data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce due to competition for food and predation.\n\n## Step 2: Consider the specific conditions of the generation studied.\nIn a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. This suggests a significant increase in the number of surviving squirrels.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluate the possible inferences based on the given conditions.\nOption A suggests that the amount of available food may have increased, which could support the increased survival rate of squirrels. Option B proposes that the number of predators may have decreased, which could also contribute to the increased survival rate. Option C suggests that the squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of genetic variation than previous generations, because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive.\n\n## Step 4: Determine the most accurate inference(s) based on the analysis.\nGiven the information, it is plausible that the amount of available food may have increased (A) and that the number of predators may have decreased (B), both of which could contribute to the increased survival rate of squirrels. Additionally, the increased survival rate could lead to greater genetic variation in subsequent generations (C).\n\n## Step 5: Select the best answer based on the analysis.\nConsidering the analysis, the most accurate inference(s) about this population might be true are A, B, and C.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | bda36d9afb52eff8b4fc35f35d3bd645ce92aaf9bf808241c1a5c7aef8ba888a | [
"2652fa8f8f5673d62ad79f5776235a0fbc140ba13ac0ca9dd57ca148ebc4f65f"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Analyze the given information
The biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. The population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce due to competition for food and predation.
## Step 2: Consider the changes in the population
In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80.
## Step 3: Evaluate option A
The amount of available food may have increased. This could be a possible reason for the increase in population, as more food would support a larger population.
## Step 4: Evaluate option B
The number of predators may have decreased. This could also be a possible reason for the increase in population, as fewer predators would lead to more survivors.
## Step 5: Evaluate option C
The squirrels of subsequent generations should show greater levels of genetic variation than previous generations, because squirrels that would not have survived in the past will now survive. This is a possible outcome of the increased survival rate, as more individuals will contribute to the gene pool.
## Step 6: Consider the combination of options
Given that options A, B, and C are all plausible explanations for the changes in the population, it is possible that all of these factors contributed to the increase in population.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which group is composed entirely of individuals who maintained that species are fixed (i.e., unchanging)? | {
"A": "Aristotle, Cuvier, and Lamarck",
"B": "Linnaeus, Cuvier, and Lamarck",
"C": "Lyell, Linnaeus, and Lamarck",
"D": "Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which group is composed entirely of individuals who maintained that species are fixed (i.e., unchanging)?\nA. Aristotle, Cuvier, and Lamarck\nB. Linnaeus, Cuvier, and Lamarck\nC. Lyell, Linnaeus, and Lamarck\nD. Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key concept in the question\nThe question asks about a group of individuals who believed that species are fixed, meaning they do not change over time.\n\n## Step 2: Recall the historical figures associated with the concept of fixed species\nHistorically, the concept of fixed species was associated with several figures, including Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminate the incorrect options\nOption A includes Aristotle, Cuvier, and Lamarck, but Lamarck is known for his theory of evolution through inheritance of acquired characteristics, which contradicts the idea of fixed species. Option B includes Cuvier, who believed in fixed species, but also Lamarck, who did not. Option C includes Lyell, who was a proponent of uniformitarianism and evolution, and is not associated with the idea of fixed species. Option D includes Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier, all of whom believed in fixed species.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer\nBased on the historical figures associated with the concept of fixed species, the correct answer is the option that includes all three figures: Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | ef1a922b90f02873a6c17d79c213d61ae7e4e5a115b2266b88815943eb4d1f24 | [
"da3f9e0c0cbeee7c164ab57002ae0ebf634f982efea6242d5a2e761aea6a730c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the key concept of the question
The question asks about a group composed entirely of individuals who maintained that species are fixed, meaning they did not support the idea of evolution or changes in species over time.
## Step 2: Recall the historical views on species and evolution
- Aristotle and Cuvier held views that species are fixed and did not change over time.
- Lamarck proposed a theory of evolution through inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting species can change.
- Lyell and Linnaeus had views on the natural world and classification, but Lyell's work on uniformitarianism and geological time scales does not explicitly argue against the possibility of species change in the way Lamarck's theory does.
## Step 3: Eliminate groups that include individuals with evolving views
- A. Aristotle, Cuvier, and Lamarck includes Lamarck, who believed in evolution.
- B. Linnaeus, Cuvier, and Lamarck also includes Lamarck.
- C. Lyell, Linnaeus, and Lamarck includes Lyell and Lamarck.
- D. Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier includes individuals who held fixed species views.
## Step 4: Choose the correct group
Given the elimination process, the only group that consists entirely of individuals who maintained that species are fixed is D. Aristotle, Linnaeus, and Cuvier.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Except for identical twins, no two people are genetically identical. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main source of variation in humans? | {
"A": "The main source of variation in humans is genetic drift.",
"B": "Changes in the environment cause rapid changes in different human populations.",
"C": "Shuffling of alleles is responsible for the greatest variation in humans.",
"D": "Mutations are responsible for the greatest changes in different human populations."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Except for identical twins, no two people are genetically identical. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main source of variation in humans?\nA. The main source of variation in humans is genetic drift.\nB. Changes in the environment cause rapid changes in different human populations.\nC. Shuffling of alleles is responsible for the greatest variation in humans.\nD. Mutations are responsible for the greatest changes in different human populations.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for the main source of variation in humans, excluding genetic identity between identical twins.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the main source of variation\nThe main source of variation in humans is the shuffling of alleles during reproduction, which leads to genetic diversity.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\nOption A, genetic drift, is a random change in the frequency of a gene or genetic trait in a population over time, but it is not the main source of variation. Option B, changes in the environment, can cause adaptations but is not the primary source of variation. Option D, mutations, are changes in the DNA sequence and can contribute to variation, but they are not the main source.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nThe correct answer is the one that describes the shuffling of alleles as the main source of variation.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 277b76378166b7839e82e51dede68ac21148f666324c20cd8b0b1b96c0bda895 | [
"79afdcebee5786c986999623dd4276b94bdf4e75bd242ee159685d1ecbc5f852"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for the main source of variation in humans, excluding identical twins.
## Step 2: Analyzing the options
- Option A mentions genetic drift, which is a process that can lead to changes in the frequency of alleles in a population over time but is not the primary source of variation.
- Option B discusses environmental changes, which can influence the expression of genes but does not directly cause genetic variation.
- Option C mentions the shuffling of alleles, which is a process that occurs during meiosis and contributes to genetic variation, but it's not the primary source of variation in humans.
- Option D mentions mutations, which are changes in the DNA sequence and are a primary source of new genetic variation in humans.
## Step 3: Identifying the main source of variation
Given the analysis, mutations are the primary source of new genetic variation in humans. They can occur spontaneously or as a result of environmental stress and are the foundation for the genetic diversity seen in humans.
The best answer is 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| 0 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | An eager AP Biology student interested in studying osmosis and the movement of water in solutions took a dialysis bag containing a 0.5 M solution and placed it into a beaker containing a 0.6 M solution. If this bag were instead placed into a beaker of distilled water, what would be the expected result? | {
"A": "There will be a net flow of water out of the bag, causing it to decrease in size.",
"B": "There will be a net flow of water into the bag, causing it to swell in size.",
"C": "The bag will remain the exact same size because no water will move at all.",
"D": "The solute will flow out of the dialysis bag into the beaker."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: An eager AP Biology student interested in studying osmosis and the movement of water in solutions took a dialysis bag containing a 0.5 M solution and placed it into a beaker containing a 0.6 M solution. If this bag were instead placed into a beaker of distilled water, what would be the expected result?\nA. There will be a net flow of water out of the bag, causing it to decrease in size.\nB. There will be a net flow of water into the bag, causing it to swell in size.\nC. The bag will remain the exact same size because no water will move at all.\nD. The solute will flow out of the dialysis bag into the beaker.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the concept of osmosis\nOsmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the concentration gradient\nWhen the dialysis bag is placed into a beaker of distilled water, the concentration of water inside the bag (0.5 M) is lower than the concentration of water outside the bag (0 M, since distilled water is essentially pure water).\n\n## Step 3: Predict the direction of water movement\nGiven the concentration gradient, water will move from the region of high concentration (outside the bag) to the region of low concentration (inside the bag) through the semipermeable membrane.\n\n## Step 4: Determine the expected result\nAs water moves into the bag, the bag will swell in size due to the increased volume of water.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 91cb09113db6e70741d5545efc991e08c01a480b0dcb5473fa8d0ad24c276084 | [
"edffb372d518a84be1fd29c5525a9599cbf7a335ac0469dce54378a70131e75d"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane, which allows water molecules to pass through but not the solute.
## Step 2: Analyze the given scenario
The dialysis bag contains a 0.5 M solution and is placed into a beaker containing a 0.6 M solution. Since the concentration of the solution in the beaker is higher than that in the bag, water molecules will flow out of the beaker and into the bag to equalize the concentration.
## Step 3: Consider the alternative scenario
If the bag were instead placed into a beaker of distilled water, the concentration of the solution in the bag would be higher than that of the distilled water. Therefore, water molecules would flow into the bag to equalize the concentration.
## Step 4: Determine the expected result
Based on the understanding of osmosis and the analysis of the scenarios, the expected result when the bag is placed into a beaker of distilled water is that there will be a net flow of water into the bag, causing it to swell in size.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Crossing-over during meiosis permits scientists to determine | {
"A": "the chance for variation in zygotes",
"B": "the rate of mutations",
"C": "the distance between genes on a chromosome",
"D": "which traits are dominant or recessive"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Crossing-over during meiosis permits scientists to determine\nA. the chance for variation in zygotes\nB. the rate of mutations\nC. the distance between genes on a chromosome\nD. which traits are dominant or recessive\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of crossing-over\nCrossing-over is a process that occurs during meiosis, specifically during the prophase I stage, where segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This process increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles.\n\n## Step 2: Relating crossing-over to genetic mapping\nThe frequency of crossing-over between two genes can be used to estimate the distance between them on the chromosome. This is based on the idea that the more frequently crossing-over occurs between two genes, the closer they are to each other on the chromosome.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\n- Option A, \"the chance for variation in zygotes,\" is related to the process of meiosis but is not directly related to the information crossing-over provides.\n- Option B, \"the rate of mutations,\" is not directly related to crossing-over, as mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur independently of crossing-over.\n- Option D, \"which traits are dominant or recessive,\" is related to the expression of genes but is not directly related to the information crossing-over provides.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nGiven the relationship between crossing-over and genetic mapping, the correct answer is the one that relates to the distance between genes on a chromosome.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | c81cbbb9fadde7f152bfe9bb87c83635a59516d1f75e91dae76c521b5f9cc8f1 | [
"d3c6f46180e8389c0a7b06eeeed9b222ecf4ac307731bb9b911e8dcabcb9cc8f"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of crossing-over
Crossing-over is a process that occurs during meiosis, specifically during the prophase I stage. It involves the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, resulting in increased genetic diversity.
## Step 2: Analyzing the options
Option A, "the chance for variation in zygotes," is related to the concept of genetic variation, but it's not the direct result of crossing-over. Option B, "the rate of mutations," is not directly related to crossing-over. Option D, "which traits are dominant or recessive," is also not directly related to crossing-over.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct option
Option C, "the distance between genes on a chromosome," is the correct answer. Crossing-over can be used to determine the distance between genes on a chromosome by analyzing the frequency of gene recombination. The closer the genes, the more frequently they will recombine.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | An organism exposed to wild temperature fluctuations shows very little, if any, change in its metabolic rate. This organism is most probably a | {
"A": "ectotherm.",
"B": "endotherm.",
"C": "thermophyle.",
"D": "ascospore."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: An organism exposed to wild temperature fluctuations shows very little, if any, change in its metabolic rate. This organism is most probably a\nA. ectotherm.\nB. endotherm.\nC. thermophyle.\nD. ascospore.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the terms\nFirst, let's understand the terms given in the options. An ectotherm is an organism that regulates its body temperature using external sources, such as the sun or a warm rock. An endotherm is an organism that generates heat internally to maintain its body temperature. A thermophile is an organism that thrives in high-temperature environments. An ascospore is a type of spore produced by fungi.\n\n## Step 2: Relating the terms to the question\nThe question asks about an organism that shows very little, if any, change in its metabolic rate when exposed to wild temperature fluctuations. This means the organism does not have a significant internal mechanism to regulate its body temperature.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer\nGiven the above understanding, the organism described in the question is most likely an ectotherm because ectotherms rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature, which would result in minimal change in metabolic rate in response to temperature fluctuations.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 41d5375b22d832abb8870fde9686277837d772dc1906d47c278eb843694fd808 | [
"2453c36d0ede3dc4b685cd58f7d6cddc4e2a77ac0f59e3a70fce9dbfcc7d719b"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the definitions
First, let's understand the definitions of the terms given in the options. Ectotherms are organisms whose body temperature varies with the temperature of their environment. Endotherms are organisms that generate heat internally to maintain a relatively constant body temperature. Thermophyles are organisms that thrive in high-temperature environments. Ascospores are a type of fungal spore.
## Step 2: Analyze the given scenario
The organism in question is exposed to wild temperature fluctuations but shows very little, if any, change in its metabolic rate. This means the organism's internal temperature remains relatively constant despite external temperature changes.
## Step 3: Relate the scenario to the definitions
Given that the organism's metabolic rate remains constant despite external temperature fluctuations, this behavior is most closely associated with endotherms. Endotherms maintain a constant body temperature, which is not directly dependent on external temperature variations.
## Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options
Ectotherms would show significant changes in their metabolic rate in response to external temperature changes, making option A incorrect. Thermophyles thrive in high-temperature environments, which doesn't directly relate to maintaining a constant metabolic rate in response to temperature fluctuations, making option C incorrect. Ascospores are related to fungal spore production and do not directly relate to temperature regulation in organisms, making option D incorrect.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin? | {
"A": "Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.",
"B": "Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.",
"C": "Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.",
"D": "Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?\nA. Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.\nB. Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.\nC. Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.\nD. Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the context of the question\nThe question is asking about the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin, which implies a historical context in the field of geology and biology.\n\n## Step 2: Identify the key figures mentioned\nLyell and Darwin are key figures in the history of geology and biology. Charles Lyell was a geologist who advocated for the concept of uniformitarianism, which posits that the Earth's geological features were shaped by slow, continuous processes that are still active today. Charles Darwin, on the other hand, is famous for his theory of evolution through natural selection.\n\n## Step 3: Consider the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin\nBefore Lyell and Darwin, the prevailing view in geology was that the Earth was relatively young, with estimates ranging from a few thousand to tens of thousands of years. This view was based on biblical interpretations and the lack of evidence for older rocks. In biology, the concept of species was not well understood, and the idea of evolution was not widely accepted.\n\n## Step 4: Evaluate the answer options\nOption A states that the Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging. This aligns with the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin. Option B suggests that populations gradually change, which is not entirely accurate, as the concept of gradual change was not well understood at the time. Option C states that the Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change, which is not consistent with the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin. Option D states that the Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging, which is also not consistent with the prevailing views.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 65fc8cf34a8670b71bd687450e1edf814a67bbb12571969d4bfbb2957a327152 | [
"abcd52b5a586bd014ae74bbdf7018c99b54eae9b3653be94ab4482963267b9d8"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the context of Lyell and Darwin's time
Prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin, the prevailing scientific and philosophical views on the Earth's age and the nature of species were quite different from the modern understanding.
## Step 2: Recognize the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin
Before Lyell and Darwin, the prevailing view was that the Earth was relatively young, and species were unchanging. This was based on biblical interpretations and the limited understanding of geology and biology at the time.
## Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options
Option B suggests that the Earth is a few thousand years old, but populations gradually change, which does not align with the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin. Option C suggests that the Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change, which is not accurate for the time period in question. Option D suggests that the Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging, which also does not align with the prevailing views.
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer
Based on the understanding of the prevailing views before Lyell and Darwin, the correct answer is the one that reflects the prevailing notion that the Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
The best answer is 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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | On Andros Islands in the Bahamas, populations of mosquito fish, Gambusia hubbsi, colonized a series of ponds. These ponds are no longer connected. However, the environments are very similar except that some ponds contain predatory fish, while others do not. In high predation ponds, selection has favored the evolution of a body shape that enables rapid bursts of speed. In low predation ponds, another body type is favored—one that is well-suited to swim for long periods of time. | {
"A": "Reproductive isolation caused geographic isolation.",
"B": "Reproductive isolation was not complete.",
"C": "Allopatric isolation brought about reproductive isolation.",
"D": "Sympatric isolation brought about reproductive isolation."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: On Andros Islands in the Bahamas, populations of mosquito fish, Gambusia hubbsi, colonized a series of ponds. These ponds are no longer connected. However, the environments are very similar except that some ponds contain predatory fish, while others do not. In high predation ponds, selection has favored the evolution of a body shape that enables rapid bursts of speed. In low predation ponds, another body type is favored—one that is well-suited to swim for long periods of time.\nA. Reproductive isolation caused geographic isolation.\nB. Reproductive isolation was not complete.\nC. Allopatric isolation brought about reproductive isolation.\nD. Sympatric isolation brought about reproductive isolation.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: The question describes a scenario where two different body types of mosquito fish have evolved in response to different predation pressures in separate ponds on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas.\nThis scenario suggests that the different body types are adapted to their respective environments and are likely to be reproductively isolated from one another.\n\n## Step 2: The key to answering this question lies in understanding the concept of reproductive isolation and how it can occur.\nReproductive isolation occurs when a population becomes genetically distinct from other populations, preventing gene flow between them. This can happen through various mechanisms, including geographic isolation, ecological isolation, and behavioral isolation.\n\n## Step 3: In this case, the mosquito fish populations in the high predation ponds and the low predation ponds are reproductively isolated from one another due to their adaptation to different environments.\nThis suggests that the reproductive isolation is not due to geographic isolation (which would be allopatric isolation), but rather due to the different ecological niches they occupy.\n\n## Step 4: Since the populations are reproductively isolated due to their adaptation to different ecological niches, this is an example of sympatric isolation, where the reproductive isolation occurs in the absence of geographic barriers.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 7ecfd5e408d5a0cd8d21953bfa72430c3ebeb3af8c618b7b8bcdc972474f9bfd | [
"8c25721e3dcc0a90d0d4c98005ec8cc9e541f6726db1aa4197ccef956cc16943"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the type of reproductive isolation occurring in the given scenario.
The scenario describes populations of mosquito fish, Gambusia hubbsi, colonizing a series of ponds on the Andros Islands in the Bahamas. These ponds are no longer connected, and the environments are very similar except that some ponds contain predatory fish, while others do not. This suggests that reproductive isolation is occurring due to differences in the ponds' environments, specifically the presence or absence of predatory fish.
## Step 2: Determine the type of reproductive isolation based on the scenario.
Reproductive isolation occurs when different populations of the same species are prevented from interbreeding. In this scenario, the presence of predatory fish in some ponds and not in others creates a barrier to interbreeding between the populations in high predation ponds and those in low predation ponds. This is an example of reproductive isolation due to ecological differences, which is a characteristic of sympatric isolation.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer based on the type of reproductive isolation identified.
Given the scenario and the type of reproductive isolation identified, the correct answer is the one that corresponds to sympatric isolation.
The best answer is 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| 0 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statement is supported by the information given in the pedigree? | {
"A": "The P generation mother is X-X.",
"B": "The P generation father is X-Y.",
"C": "If parents 1 and 2 in row II have another child, the chance that the child would be afflicted with alkaptonuria is 25%.",
"D": "The genotype of woman 1 is X-X."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statement is supported by the information given in the pedigree?\nA. The P generation mother is X-X.\nB. The P generation father is X-Y.\nC. If parents 1 and 2 in row II have another child, the chance that the child would be afflicted with alkaptonuria is 25%.\nD. The genotype of woman 1 is X-X.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Analyze the pedigree to understand the genetic information provided.\nThe pedigree shows a family with alkaptonuria, an inherited disorder. The parents in the first generation are not shown, but their children are. The disorder seems to be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, as both parents in the second generation are carriers (one is woman 1, and the other is not shown but implied by the presence of affected children).\n\n## Step 2: Determine the genotype of the P generation mother based on the information given.\nGiven that the disorder is autosomal recessive and woman 1 is a carrier (implied by having an affected child), her genotype must be X-X, where X represents the allele for the disorder. This is because carriers of autosomal recessive disorders are typically homozygous for the normal allele and heterozygous for the disease allele.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluate the statement about the P generation father's genotype.\nThe information provided does not directly state the genotype of the P generation father. However, since the disorder is autosomal recessive, the father must be a carrier (X-Y) to pass the disease allele to his children, but this is not explicitly stated.\n\n## Step 4: Assess the probability of another child of parents 1 and 2 being afflicted with alkaptonuria.\nGiven that both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance that any child they have will be affected with alkaptonuria, as the disorder follows an autosomal recessive pattern. This is because each child has a 25% chance of inheriting two disease alleles (one from each parent), a 50% chance of being a carrier (inheriting one disease allele and one normal allele), and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not a carrier (inheriting two normal alleles).\n\n## Step 5: Determine the genotype of woman 1 based on the information provided.\nWoman 1 is a carrier of alkaptonuria, as evidenced by her having an affected child. Therefore, her genotype is X-X, where X represents the allele for the disorder.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 36b77d018ef98d197637759fddaf70a7d5d5394c4956a1448b3bd2c128aaba1b | [
"1432beb8ce0ccec09e5fe168835964c99f6bad4d4f18323e161779036b770f70"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Analyze the pedigree for any information about the P generation parents.
From the pedigree, we can see that the P generation parents are the parents of the afflicted individuals in row II.
## Step 2: Identify the relevant information about the P generation parents.
We are given that the afflicted individuals in row II are children of parents 1 and 2. This implies that both parents must be carriers of the disease, as they are not afflicted themselves but have children who are afflicted.
## Step 3: Determine the genotype of the P generation parents based on the information.
Given that both parents are carriers and have afflicted children, we can infer that the P generation father must be X-Y, as he can contribute either an X or a Y to his offspring. The P generation mother must also be a carrier, but her genotype is not directly stated.
## Step 4: Consider the genotype of the P generation mother.
Since the P generation mother is not afflicted and has afflicted children, she must be a carrier. However, we cannot determine her genotype (X-X or X-Y) solely based on the information given.
## Step 5: Evaluate the options provided.
- Option A (The P generation mother is X-X) is not supported, as we cannot determine her genotype solely based on the information given.
- Option B (The P generation father is X-Y) is supported, as he must be a carrier to have afflicted children.
- Option C (If parents 1 and 2 in row II have another child, the chance that the child would be afflicted with alkaptonuria is 25%) is not directly supported by the information given.
- Option D (The genotype of woman 1 is X-X) is not supported, as we cannot determine her genotype solely based on the information given.
The best answer is 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| 0 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales, and bats. That the actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged is because | {
"A": "natural selection has not had sufficient time to create the optimal design in each case, but will do so given enough time.",
"B": "natural selection operates in ways that are beyond the capability of the human mind to comprehend.",
"C": "in many cases, phenotype is not merely determined by genotype, but by the environment as well.",
"D": "natural selection is generally limited to modifying structures that were present in previous generations and in previous species."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales, and bats. That the actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged is because\nA. natural selection has not had sufficient time to create the optimal design in each case, but will do so given enough time.\nB. natural selection operates in ways that are beyond the capability of the human mind to comprehend.\nC. in many cases, phenotype is not merely determined by genotype, but by the environment as well.\nD. natural selection is generally limited to modifying structures that were present in previous generations and in previous species.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks why the actual forelimbs of mammals such as horses, whales, and bats do not seem to be optimally arranged, despite a proficient engineer being able to design more functional ones.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the options\nOption A suggests that natural selection has not had sufficient time to create the optimal design, but will do so given enough time. Option B implies that natural selection operates in ways that are beyond human comprehension. Option C states that phenotype is not solely determined by genotype, but also by the environment. Option D suggests that natural selection is limited to modifying existing structures.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the options\nOption A is a plausible explanation, as evolution is a gradual process that occurs over many generations. Option B is too vague and does not provide a clear explanation. Option C is a valid point, as environmental factors can influence the development of an organism's phenotype. Option D is not a strong explanation, as natural selection can modify existing structures and create new ones through the process of variation and mutation.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the best answer\nBased on the evaluation, Option A is the most convincing explanation for why the actual forelimbs of mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 65160fd6e2c5a07b14e17b4d60edcb6f80ff33d64f74a009b6cb75b780349a17 | [
"a0441db04db9f68d4aa1496e9bd96a9034505faf828f3c7e5fcbf73e7d9de83e"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks why the actual forelimbs of mammals such as horses, whales, and bats, which are inefficient for their intended functions, are not optimized despite the ability of engineers to design more efficient structures.
## Step 2: Considering the Options
Option A suggests that natural selection has not had enough time to optimize the design, which implies that given enough time, the optimal design will be achieved. Option B implies that natural selection operates in ways that are beyond human comprehension, but this does not directly address why the forelimbs are not optimized. Option C suggests that the phenotype is influenced by the environment, but this does not directly address the issue of optimization. Option D implies that natural selection is limited to modifying existing structures, which could explain why the forelimbs are not optimized.
## Step 3: Evaluating the Options
Option A is incorrect because it implies that time is the limiting factor, but it does not explain why the forelimbs are not optimized in the first place. Option B is too vague and does not provide a clear explanation. Option C is also too vague and does not directly address the issue. Option D, on the other hand, provides a clear explanation for why the forelimbs are not optimized.
## Step 4: Selecting the Best Answer
Based on the evaluation, the best answer is D. natural selection is generally limited to modifying structures that were present in previous generations and in previous species.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? | {
"A": "All organisms require energy.",
"B": "All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.",
"C": "All organisms reproduce.",
"D": "All organisms show heritable variation."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?\nA. All organisms require energy.\nB. All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.\nC. All organisms reproduce.\nD. All organisms show heritable variation.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for evidence that supports the common origin of all life on Earth.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\nOption A states that all organisms require energy, which is a fundamental biological process but not unique to life on Earth, as some chemical reactions also require energy.\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing the options\nOption C states that all organisms reproduce, which is a characteristic of life but not a direct indicator of common origin.\n\n## Step 4: Analyzing the options\nOption D states that all organisms show heritable variation, which is a result of evolution but not a direct indicator of common origin.\n\n## Step 5: Analyzing the options\nOption B states that all organisms use essentially the same genetic code, which is a strong indicator of common origin because it suggests that all life on Earth shares a common genetic language.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nThe use of the same genetic code by all organisms is a strong evidence for their common origin.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | e25bbefe32086c3152134ce9ccff81cfab18f51ef9a675dc1859f74d6099fe45 | [
"84a0b91433b5b6e586de3e2d2fd48600d1ef7f8c401befeb4a7fc4c7c76a5b7e"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for the piece of evidence that most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth. This means we are looking for a characteristic or feature that is shared by all living organisms and can be attributed to a common ancestor.
## Step 2: Examining the options
- Option A: "All organisms require energy." While it's true that all living organisms require energy to function, this is a very basic requirement and doesn't necessarily point to a common origin.
- Option B: "All organisms use essentially the same genetic code." This is a strong indicator of a common ancestry since the genetic code is fundamental to the biology of all living organisms and its similarity suggests a shared evolutionary history.
- Option C: "All organisms reproduce." While reproduction is a universal biological process, it's not as directly indicative of a common ancestry as the genetic code is.
- Option D: "All organisms show heritable variation." Heritable variation is a fundamental aspect of evolution, but like reproduction, it's more of an outcome of evolutionary processes rather than a direct indicator of a common ancestry.
## Step 3: Selecting the best answer
Based on the analysis, the most significant evidence supporting the common origin of all life on Earth is the use of an essentially the same genetic code by all organisms. This is because the genetic code is a fundamental aspect of biology that is shared across all domains of life, suggesting a common ancestor.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Organisms in which of the following phyla have a true coelom? | {
"A": "Platyhelminthes",
"B": "Porifera",
"C": "Annelida",
"D": "Nematoda"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Organisms in which of the following phyla have a true coelom?\nA. Platyhelminthes\nB. Porifera\nC. Annelida\nD. Nematoda\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding what a true coelom is\nA true coelom is a body cavity that is lined by mesoderm and is a characteristic feature of deuterostomes and some protostomes. It is a fluid-filled cavity that is derived from the archenteron (the primitive gut) and is separated from the gut by mesoderm.\n\n## Step 2: Examining the phyla given in the options\n- Platyhelminthes (flatworms) have a pseudocoelom, which is a body cavity that is not lined by mesoderm.\n- Porifera (sponges) do not have a true coelom; they have a simple body structure with no distinct body cavity.\n- Annelida (segmented worms) have a true coelom, which is a characteristic feature of this phylum.\n- Nematoda (roundworms) have a pseudocoelom, which is a body cavity that is not lined by mesoderm.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the phylum with a true coelom\nBased on the characteristics of each phylum, the phylum Annelida is the one that has a true coelom.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | d4c90c095e87a457dfe37ffd5d1170ad8459b50733021a61729f8348dc070a31 | [
"36840cfe2a124747440da692f02ead3d9b696c5d200de833005e5966a594c58c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"num_few_shot": "0",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about the phylum of organisms that have a true coelom. A true coelom is a body cavity that is lined with mesoderm, a type of mesoderm that separates the body wall from the organs.
## Step 2: Examining the options
Platyhelminthes (flatworms) have a pseudocoelom, not a true coelom. Porifera (sponges) have a body cavity, but it is not lined with mesoderm. Annelida (segmented worms) have a true coelom, which is lined with mesoderm. Nematoda (roundworms) have a pseudocoelom.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Based on the information, Annelida (segmented worms) is the correct answer.
The best answer is 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| 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A certain autosomal recessive trait is expressed in 1% of a population. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percent of the population are carriers but do not express the trait? | {
"A": "10%",
"B": "18%",
"C": "27%",
"D": "50%"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A certain autosomal recessive trait is expressed in 1% of a population. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percent of the population are carriers but do not express the trait?\nA. 10%\nB. 18%\nC. 27%\nD. 50%\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle\nThe Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.\n\n## Step 2: Define the variables\nLet's denote the frequency of the dominant allele as \"p\" and the frequency of the recessive allele as \"q\". Since the trait is expressed in 1% of the population, we can assume that the recessive allele is responsible for the trait and that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.\n\n## Step 3: Calculate the frequency of the recessive allele\nSince 1% of the population expresses the trait, we can assume that the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.01.\n\n## Step 4: Calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype\nThe carrier genotype is represented by the genotype \"qQ\", where \"q\" is the recessive allele and \"Q\" is the dominant allele. The frequency of the carrier genotype is 2pq, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.\n\n## Step 5: Calculate the frequency of the dominant allele\nSince the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.01, we can calculate the frequency of the dominant allele (p) as 1 - q = 1 - 0.01 = 0.99.\n\n## Step 6: Calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype\nNow we can calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype as 2pq = 2(0.99)(0.01) = 0.0198.\n\n## Step 7: Convert the frequency to a percentage\nTo convert the frequency to a percentage, we multiply by 100: 0.0198 x 100 = 1.98%.\n\n## Step 8: Calculate the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait\nSince the frequency of the carrier genotype is 1.98%, we can assume that this is the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait.\n\n## Step 9: Round the percentage to the nearest whole number\nRounding 1.98% to the nearest whole number gives 2%. However, this is not among the answer choices, so we need to consider the context of the question and the possible answers provided.\n\n## Step 10: Consider the context of the question and the possible answers\nGiven that the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and considering the possible answers provided, we can infer that the question is asking for the percentage of the population that are carriers, which is the same as the frequency of the carrier genotype.\n\n## Step 11: Choose the closest answer\nAmong the possible answers, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%.\n\n## Step 12: Choose the best answer\nConsidering the options provided, the closest answer to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks"
] | ## Step 1: Understand the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
## Step 2: Define the variables
Let's denote the frequency of the dominant allele as "p" and the frequency of the recessive allele as "q". Since the trait is expressed in 1% of the population, we can assume that the recessive allele is responsible for the trait and that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
## Step 3: Calculate the frequency of the recessive allele
Since 1% of the population expresses the trait, we can assume that the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.01.
## Step 4: Calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype
The carrier genotype is represented by the genotype "qQ", where "q" is the recessive allele and "Q" is the dominant allele. The frequency of the carrier genotype is 2pq, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
## Step 5: Calculate the frequency of the dominant allele
Since the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is 0.01, we can calculate the frequency of the dominant allele (p) as 1 - q = 1 - 0.01 = 0.99.
## Step 6: Calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype
Now we can calculate the frequency of the carrier genotype as 2pq = 2(0.99)(0.01) = 0.0198.
## Step 7: Convert the frequency to a percentage
To convert the frequency to a percentage, we multiply by 100: 0.0198 x 100 = 1.98%.
## Step 8: Calculate the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait
Since the frequency of the carrier genotype is 1.98%, we can assume that this is the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait.
## Step 9: Round the percentage to the nearest whole number
Rounding 1.98% to the nearest whole number gives 2%. However, this is not among the answer choices, so we need to consider the context of the question and the possible answers provided.
## Step 10: Consider the context of the question and the possible answers
Given that the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and considering the possible answers provided, we can infer that the question is asking for the percentage of the population that are carriers, which is the same as the frequency of the carrier genotype.
## Step 11: Choose the closest answer
Among the possible answers, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%.
## Step 12: Choose the best answer
Considering the options provided, the closest answer to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks for the percentage of the population that are carriers but do not express the trait, and we calculated the frequency of the carrier genotype, which is 1.98%. This frequency is closest to 2% but since 2% is not an option, we need to consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. Among the options provided, the closest to 1.98% is 2%, but since 2% is not an option, we can consider the other options and their proximity to 1.98%. However, the question asks | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation. This means that the frequencies of alleles are in a specific ratio.
## Step 2: Calculate the frequency of the recessive allele
Given that the trait is expressed in 1% of the population, this means that the homozygous recessive individuals (rr) make up 1% of the population. Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive allele (r) can be calculated using the formula: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele.
## Step 3: Solve for q
Since the homozygous dominant individuals (PP) make up the remaining 99% of the population, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is 0.99. We can substitute this value into the Hardy-Weinberg equation and solve for q.
## Step 4: Calculate the frequency of carriers
Carriers of the recessive allele are individuals who are heterozygous for the alleles (Rr). The frequency of carriers can be calculated using the formula: 2pq.
## Step 5: Calculate the frequency of carriers who do not express the trait
Since the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (rr) is 1%, the frequency of carriers who do not express the trait is the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) minus the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (rr). However, since the problem asks for the percentage of carriers who do not express the trait, we need to calculate the percentage of heterozygous individuals (Rr) in the population.
## Step 6: Calculate the percentage of carriers who do not express the trait
Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and the fact that the population is in equilibrium, we can calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) as 2pq. Given that p = 0.99, we can substitute this value into the equation and solve for q.
## Step 7: Calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr)
Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, we can calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) as 2pq. Given that p = 0.99, we can substitute this value into the equation and solve for q.
## Step 8: Calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) as a percentage of the population
The frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) is equal to 2pq. Given that p = 0.99, we can substitute this value into the equation and solve for q.
## Step 9: Calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) as a percentage of the population
Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, we can calculate the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) as 2pq. Given that p = 0.99, we can substitute this value into the equation and solve for q.
## Step 10: Calculate the percentage of carriers who do not express the trait
The percentage of carriers who do not express the trait is the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Rr) minus the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (rr).
The final answer is: $\boxed{18}$<|eot_id|> | 0 | |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following properties is responsible for holding together the water molecules in a vertical column of water in xylem vessels of a plant? | {
"A": "the strong adhesion property of water",
"B": "the strong cohesion of property of water",
"C": "the high heat capacity of water",
"D": "the strong cohesion property of cellulose in the xylem cell wall"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following properties is responsible for holding together the water molecules in a vertical column of water in xylem vessels of a plant?\nA. the strong adhesion property of water\nB. the strong cohesion of property of water\nC. the high heat capacity of water\nD. the strong cohesion property of cellulose in the xylem cell wall\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the properties of water in a plant's xylem\nThe question asks about the property responsible for holding together the water molecules in a vertical column of water in xylem vessels of a plant. This involves understanding the forces at play in a plant's vascular system.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the key property\nThe key property here is cohesion, which is the attraction between like molecules. In the context of water in a plant, this refers to the attraction between water molecules themselves.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating irrelevant options\nOption A, the strong adhesion property of water, is relevant in the context of water's interaction with the walls of the xylem vessels, but it's not the primary force holding water molecules together in a column. Option C, the high heat capacity of water, is a property of water but is not relevant to the cohesion of water molecules in a vertical column. Option D, the strong cohesion property of cellulose in the xylem cell wall, is incorrect because it's the water molecules themselves that exhibit cohesion, not the cellulose.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nGiven the elimination of irrelevant options and understanding the importance of cohesion in holding water molecules together in a vertical column, the correct answer is the one that highlights the strong cohesion property of water.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks about the property responsible for holding together the water molecules in a vertical column of water in xylem vessels of a plant.
## Step 2: Identifying Key Concepts
The key concept here is the property of water that allows it to maintain its structure in a vertical column within plant xylem vessels. This involves understanding the properties of water and their relevance to plant physiology.
## Step 3: Examining Options
- Option A: Adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and other substances, such as the walls of xylem vessels. While important, it's not directly responsible for holding together water molecules in a vertical column.
- Option B: Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules themselves. This is crucial for maintaining the structure of water in a vertical column.
- Option C: The high heat capacity of water is important for regulating temperature in the plant but is not directly related to holding together water molecules in xylem vessels.
- Option D: The strong cohesion property of cellulose in the xylem cell wall is not directly related to the cohesion of water molecules themselves.
## Step 4: Choosing the Correct Answer
Based on the understanding of the properties of water and their relevance to plant physiology, the correct answer is the property that directly addresses the cohesion of water molecules.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements is NOT correct about apoptosis? | {
"A": "Apoptosis, a special type of cell division, requires multiple cell signaling.",
"B": "The fact that apoptosis is widespread across several kingdoms is evidence that it evolved early in the evolution of eukaryotes.",
"C": "Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of fingers in embryonic development.",
"D": "Apoptosis prevents an aging and dying cell from damaging neighboring cells."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements is NOT correct about apoptosis?\nA. Apoptosis, a special type of cell division, requires multiple cell signaling.\nB. The fact that apoptosis is widespread across several kingdoms is evidence that it evolved early in the evolution of eukaryotes.\nC. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of fingers in embryonic development.\nD. Apoptosis prevents an aging and dying cell from damaging neighboring cells.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of apoptosis\nApoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that is essential for the development and maintenance of health in multicellular organisms. It plays a crucial role in eliminating old, unnecessary, or damaged cells.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluating the statements about apoptosis\n- Statement A: Apoptosis indeed requires multiple cell signaling pathways to initiate and execute the process of cell death. This is a correct statement.\n- Statement B: The widespread presence of apoptosis across different kingdoms of life does suggest that it evolved early in the evolution of eukaryotes, which is a correct statement.\n- Statement C: Apoptosis is indeed crucial in the development of fingers in embryonic development, as it helps in shaping the digits by eliminating cells between them. This is a correct statement.\n- Statement D: This statement claims that apoptosis prevents an aging and dying cell from damaging neighboring cells. However, the primary function of apoptosis is to eliminate cells that are no longer needed or are damaged, thereby preventing them from causing harm to the organism. The statement seems to imply that apoptosis is a response to an aging or dying cell, which is not entirely accurate. Apoptosis is a pre-programmed process that occurs before the cell becomes significantly damaged or aged.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect statement\nBased on the understanding of apoptosis, the statement that is NOT correct is the one that inaccurately describes the process or its purpose.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 10463508a8a23d8ef2b7631c962dc7d524675b0b018674c8306ec4e7e0b31d83 | [
"831cd626abe80472442c33048d1bf907716597c9308f2e3b7b1dd7506d9c2d64"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of apoptosis
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It's a crucial mechanism for eliminating unwanted or damaged cells from the body.
## Step 2: Evaluate option A
Option A states that apoptosis requires multiple cell signaling. This is correct because apoptosis involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways that ultimately lead to the death of the cell.
## Step 3: Evaluate option B
Option B suggests that the widespread occurrence of apoptosis across several kingdoms is evidence that it evolved early in the evolution of eukaryotes. This is correct because the evolution of complex life forms often involves the development of mechanisms to control cell growth and death, and apoptosis is one such mechanism.
## Step 4: Evaluate option C
Option C states that apoptosis plays a crucial role in the development of fingers in embryonic development. This is correct because apoptosis is indeed involved in the formation of fingers and toes during embryonic development, as it helps to shape the digits by eliminating unnecessary cells.
## Step 5: Evaluate option D
Option D claims that apoptosis prevents an aging and dying cell from damaging neighboring cells. This is correct because one of the primary functions of apoptosis is to prevent damaged or unwanted cells from causing harm to surrounding cells.
## Step 6: Determine which statement is NOT correct
Given that all the options A, B, C, and D are correct statements about apoptosis, we must re-evaluate the question for any potential misunderstanding or error in the question itself.
## Step 7: Re-evaluate the question
Upon re-evaluation, it becomes clear that all provided options A, B, C, and D accurately describe aspects of apoptosis. Therefore, the question as presented does not allow for a correct identification of a statement that is NOT correct about apoptosis.
## Step 8: Conclusion
Given the information and the process of elimination, we are left without a clear incorrect option regarding the characteristics and functions of apoptosis as listed in the options provided.
The final answer is: 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| 0 | |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | All of the following organs in the digestive system secrete digestive enzymes EXCEPT the | {
"A": "mouth",
"B": "stomach",
"C": "gall bladder",
"D": "small intestine"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: All of the following organs in the digestive system secrete digestive enzymes EXCEPT the\nA. mouth\nB. stomach\nC. gall bladder\nD. small intestine\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the organs that secrete digestive enzymes in the digestive system\nThe mouth, stomach, and small intestine are known to secrete digestive enzymes. The mouth secretes amylase, the stomach secretes pepsin and gastric amylase, and the small intestine secretes various enzymes such as sucrase, lactase, and trypsinogen.\n\n## Step 2: Identify the organ that does not secrete digestive enzymes\nThe gall bladder stores bile from the liver but does not secrete digestive enzymes itself. It stores bile that is then released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.\n\n## Step 3: Determine the correct answer\nGiven the information, the organ that does not secrete digestive enzymes is the gall bladder.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 9b07646ee28ce0671404bdaaedbbd905ea4ee74ddd784202978dfdb5aadf099d | [
"9c7426589eda2889b8b9f42365f8f9b7bed7bdf2bd6098a6a05e0421044f4dd2"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the digestive organs that secrete digestive enzymes.
The digestive system includes various organs that secrete digestive enzymes to break down food. These organs include the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and others.
## Step 2: Determine which of the given options does not secrete digestive enzymes.
Among the given options, the gall bladder is the one that does not secrete digestive enzymes. Instead, it stores bile produced by the liver, which helps in the emulsification of fats.
## Step 3: Confirm the correct answer based on the analysis.
From the analysis, it is clear that the gall bladder is the correct answer as it does not secrete digestive enzymes.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | All of the following are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT | {
"A": "dilation of the pupil of the eye",
"B": "constriction of blood vessels",
"C": "increased secretion of the sweat glands",
"D": "increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: All of the following are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT\nA. dilation of the pupil of the eye\nB. constriction of blood vessels\nC. increased secretion of the sweat glands\nD. increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the sympathetic nervous system's effects on the body\nThe sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions of the body. It is often referred to as the \"fight or flight\" response, as it prepares the body to either confront a threat or flee from it.\n\n## Step 2: Analyze each option in relation to the sympathetic nervous system's effects\n- A. dilation of the pupil of the eye: The sympathetic nervous system causes the pupils to dilate, allowing more light to enter the eye.\n- B. constriction of blood vessels: The sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction, which is the constriction of blood vessels, to increase blood pressure and prepare the body for \"fight or flight.\"\n- C. increased secretion of the sweat glands: The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the sweat glands to produce sweat, which helps to cool the body.\n- D. increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract: The sympathetic nervous system actually decreases peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract, not increases it. This is because the \"fight or flight\" response prioritizes energy for immediate action over digestion.\n\n## Step 3: Determine which option is the exception\nBased on the analysis, the option that is the exception to the sympathetic nervous system's stimulation is the one related to increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | e860a129bd108dc3b6f0e793a770f6410a90c980e5437c2f9bda24d997df331e | [
"13eb70f39b4812b46f7c3400ffb516d63ed3690a02530781147bf5e0c1d746b1"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the sympathetic nervous system's role
The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions of the body. It is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system because it prepares the body to respond to threats.
## Step 2: Identifying sympathetic nervous system responses
The sympathetic nervous system is known to stimulate various physiological responses, including:
- Dilation of the pupil of the eye (to increase light intake)
- Constriction of blood vessels (to increase blood flow to muscles)
- Increased secretion of sweat glands (to cool the body)
- Increased heart rate and contractility (not listed but relevant to the "fight or flight" response)
## Step 3: Analyzing the options given
Looking at the options provided:
- A. dilation of the pupil of the eye: This is a well-known sympathetic response.
- B. constriction of blood vessels: This is also a sympathetic response, especially in preparation for physical activity.
- C. increased secretion of the sweat glands: This is another sympathetic response to help with cooling.
- D. increased peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract: This option does not align with typical sympathetic responses, which typically slow down digestion and increase gut blood flow for energy, not increase peristalsis.
## Step 4: Conclusion
Given the typical responses of the sympathetic nervous system, the option that does not fit is the increase in peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, as this would not be a typical "fight or flight" response but rather more aligned with parasympathetic function which increases digestion and peristalsis.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with | {
"A": "enzymes in the lysosomes",
"B": "enzymes in the mitochondria",
"C": "membrane transport during exocytosis",
"D": "membrane transport during endocytosis"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In the inherited disorder called Pompe disease, glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, yet glycogen accumulates in lysosomes. This suggests a malfunction with\nA. enzymes in the lysosomes\nB. enzymes in the mitochondria\nC. membrane transport during exocytosis\nD. membrane transport during endocytosis\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the context of Pompe disease\nPompe disease is an inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes due to a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA).\n\n## Step 2: Identify the primary issue in Pompe disease\nThe primary issue in Pompe disease is the inability to break down glycogen within lysosomes due to the deficiency of the GAA enzyme, which is responsible for glycogen breakdown in lysosomes.\n\n## Step 3: Relate the issue to the options provided\nGiven that the issue is with glycogen breakdown in lysosomes, the malfunction must be related to the enzymes within these organelles.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct option based on the analysis\nThe correct option is the one that directly points to a malfunction with enzymes in the lysosomes.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 8d8471184fed7ecce6c98b48d0cadeeeda6b1f86b31eb363415e3e280ca26886 | [
"42a0597d36803ec24d7404c2f0f18cf9dec937af8e039419ada12dcb2d888876"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding Pompe disease
Pompe disease is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), which is necessary for the breakdown of glycogen in the lysosomes.
## Step 2: Identifying the malfunction
Given that glycogen breakdown in the cytosol occurs normally and blood glucose levels are normal, the malfunction must be related to the breakdown of glycogen in the lysosomes.
## Step 3: Analyzing the options
Option A suggests a malfunction with enzymes in the lysosomes, which is consistent with the deficiency of the GAA enzyme in Pompe disease.
Option B suggests a malfunction with enzymes in the mitochondria, which is not relevant to Pompe disease.
Option C suggests a malfunction with membrane transport during exocytosis, which is not relevant to Pompe disease.
Option D suggests a malfunction with membrane transport during endocytosis, which is also not relevant to Pompe disease.
## Step 4: Selecting the best answer
Based on the analysis, the best answer is A, as it is the only option that is consistent with the malfunction in Pompe disease.
The best answer is 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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A trend toward the decrease in the size of plants on the slopes of mountains as altitudes increase is an example of | {
"A": "a cline.",
"B": "a bottleneck.",
"C": "relative fitness.",
"D": "genetic drift."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A trend toward the decrease in the size of plants on the slopes of mountains as altitudes increase is an example of\nA. a cline.\nB. a bottleneck.\nC. relative fitness.\nD. genetic drift.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of a cline\nA cline refers to a gradual change in a particular trait or characteristic over a geographic area or along a specific environmental gradient, such as altitude.\n\n## Step 2: Relating the concept to the given scenario\nThe decrease in the size of plants as altitudes increase on mountain slopes is a gradual change in a specific trait (plant size) over a geographic area (altitudes).\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\n- A bottleneck refers to a significant reduction in population size, which is not relevant to the given scenario.\n- Relative fitness refers to the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a given environment, which is not directly related to the change in plant size with altitude.\n- Genetic drift refers to the random change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over time, which is not relevant to the gradual change observed with altitude.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nGiven the gradual change in plant size with altitude, the correct term that describes this phenomenon is a cline.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 6ff206f11e34b326e5f7dd159505cb0e008cc6abf1e0c5de3f8a6498d32614a9 | [
"3601b9bb15636bc15f41509f41cbc1705b4abd95ece1e7de1a5193ae18f5ae36"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of a cline
A cline is a gradual, continuous change in a particular characteristic or trait within a population over geographic distance or altitude. This change is often seen in adaptations to different environments.
## Step 2: Analyze the given scenario
The scenario describes a trend toward decreasing plant size with increasing altitude on mountain slopes. This description matches the concept of a cline, as it involves a gradual change in a specific trait (plant size) in response to environmental changes (altitude).
## Step 3: Evaluate the other options
- A bottleneck refers to a reduction in population size, which can lead to genetic changes but does not directly relate to the gradual change in plant size with altitude.
- Relative fitness refers to the reproductive success of individuals in a population compared to others, which is a concept related to evolution but does not directly describe the geographical or altitudinal change in plant size.
- Genetic drift is a random change in the frequency of a gene or trait in a population over generations, which can occur independently of environmental changes.
## Step 4: Choose the best answer
Based on the analysis, the trend toward decreasing plant size with increasing altitude is an example of a cline, as it involves a gradual change in a specific trait in response to environmental changes.
The best answer is 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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is an example of a cline? | {
"A": "The hybrid tomato plant is stronger and produces better fruit than the pure genotype.",
"B": "There are two distinct varieties in one population of snail that inhabits an island in the Pacific Ocean.",
"C": "Males of some species have long antlers to fight other males for females.",
"D": "In one species of rabbit, the ones that evolved in the cold, snowy north are white, while the ones that evolved in the south are brown."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is an example of a cline?\nA. The hybrid tomato plant is stronger and produces better fruit than the pure genotype.\nB. There are two distinct varieties in one population of snail that inhabits an island in the Pacific Ocean.\nC. Males of some species have long antlers to fight other males for females.\nD. In one species of rabbit, the ones that evolved in the cold, snowy north are white, while the ones that evolved in the south are brown.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding what a cline is\nA cline is a gradual change in a particular characteristic or trait over a geographic area or range of a species. This change is typically continuous and can be seen as a spectrum of variation.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\n- Option A discusses the hybrid vigor of a tomato plant, which is a different concept from a cline.\n- Option B describes a situation with two distinct varieties in a population, which is more indicative of a polymorphism or a case of speciation rather than a cline.\n- Option C talks about the evolution of antlers in males for fighting, which is an example of adaptation but not a cline.\n- Option D describes a situation where rabbits in different geographic locations (north and south) have different coat colors (white and brown), which fits the definition of a cline.\n\n## Step 3: Selecting the best answer\nBased on the definition of a cline and the analysis of the options, the best answer is the one that describes a gradual change in a characteristic over a geographic area.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 0e8d6cdaa8c45d33f3ef835ffc5be67775965a5b60fd4e3d15a6734fce0be75d | [
"9b40c0bb773c174f97c106626b3242585abdef1455f55519e4db85361f4c6ffc"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand what a cline is.
A cline is a gradual geographical variation in a particular characteristic or trait within a species or population. It represents a smooth transition from one extreme of a trait to the other as you move from one area to another.
## Step 2: Evaluate each option against the definition of a cline.
- A. The hybrid tomato plant is stronger and produces better fruit than the pure genotype. This does not describe a geographical variation but rather a comparison between different genotypes.
- B. There are two distinct varieties in one population of snail that inhabits an island in the Pacific Ocean. This describes a distinct variation but not necessarily a gradual transition from one area to another.
- C. Males of some species have long antlers to fight other males for females. This describes a trait related to mating but does not specify geographical variation.
- D. In one species of rabbit, the ones that evolved in the cold, snowy north are white, while the ones that evolved in the south are brown. This describes a gradual geographical variation in coat color, fitting the definition of a cline.
## Step 3: Choose the option that best fits the definition of a cline.
Based on the understanding and evaluation, the option that best fits the definition of a cline is the one describing a gradual geographical variation in a characteristic.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A healthy man and woman are worried about having children because they are both carriers of sickle-cell disease. If the couple have a biological child, what is the chance that the child will inherit sickle-cell disease? | {
"A": "100%",
"B": "75%",
"C": "50%",
"D": "25%"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A healthy man and woman are worried about having children because they are both carriers of sickle-cell disease. If the couple have a biological child, what is the chance that the child will inherit sickle-cell disease?\nA. 100%\nB. 75%\nC. 50%\nD. 25%\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the genetics of sickle-cell disease\nSickle-cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the disease. Carriers of the disease have one normal and one mutated gene and typically do not express the disease but can pass the mutated gene to their offspring.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the genotype of the parents\nBoth parents are carriers of sickle-cell disease, which means they have one normal allele (let's denote this as \"H\") and one mutated allele (let's denote this as \"h\") for the gene. Therefore, each parent's genotype is Hh.\n\n## Step 3: Determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring\nWhen two carriers of sickle-cell disease (Hh) have a child, there are three possible genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring:\n1. HH (normal, not a carrier)\n2. Hh (carrier, like the parents)\n3. hh (sickle-cell disease, expresses the disease)\n\n## Step 4: Calculate the probability of each genotype\nUsing a Punnett square or basic probability, we can calculate the probability of each genotype:\n- The probability of the child being HH (normal) is 25% (1 out of 4 possible combinations).\n- The probability of the child being Hh (carrier) is 50% (2 out of 4 possible combinations).\n- The probability of the child being hh (sickle-cell disease) is 25% (1 out of 4 possible combinations).\n\n## Step 5: Determine the chance that the child will inherit sickle-cell disease\nThe chance that the child will inherit sickle-cell disease (hh genotype) is 25%.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 4fdc2175ef4a51e5c2873456e8cdb3a0a9b7e6580d32d313b33cad1db1eae15d | [
"15c7985ea573865add1c51165cb03a903e72b23e82073c860d4afd40f47dddb8"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Genetics of Sickle-Cell Disease
Sickle-cell disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. This means that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene to express the disease. If both parents are carriers, they each have one normal and one mutated gene.
## Step 2: Determining the Probability of Inheriting Sickle-Cell Disease
Since the couple is concerned about having a child with sickle-cell disease and they are both carriers, we can calculate the probability of the child inheriting the disease. Each parent has a 50% chance of passing on the normal gene and a 50% chance of passing on the mutated gene.
## Step 3: Calculating the Probability of Inheriting Sickle-Cell Disease
To calculate the probability that the child will inherit sickle-cell disease, we consider the possible combinations of genes the child can inherit. The child can inherit:
- Two normal genes (not sickle-cell disease)
- One normal and one mutated gene (carrier)
- Two mutated genes (sickle-cell disease)
Since both parents are carriers, the probability that the child will inherit two mutated genes (having sickle-cell disease) is 25% (1 out of 4 possible combinations).
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Females with Turner's syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait. Based on this information, it can be inferred that females with this condition | {
"A": "have an extra X chromosome",
"B": "have an extra Y chromosome",
"C": "lack an X chromosome",
"D": "have red blood cells that clump"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Females with Turner's syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait. Based on this information, it can be inferred that females with this condition\nA. have an extra X chromosome\nB. have an extra Y chromosome\nC. lack an X chromosome\nD. have red blood cells that clump\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the genetic basis of Turner's syndrome\nTurner's syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects females, where one of the X chromosomes is missing or partially missing.\n\n## Step 2: Understand the genetic basis of hemophilia\nHemophilia is a recessive, X-linked trait, meaning it is located on the X chromosome and males are more likely to be affected because they have only one X chromosome.\n\n## Step 3: Analyze the relationship between Turner's syndrome and hemophilia\nGiven that females with Turner's syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, it suggests that they are more likely to be carriers of the hemophilia gene, which is consistent with having only one X chromosome.\n\n## Step 4: Determine the correct answer based on the analysis\nSince Turner's syndrome involves a missing or partially missing X chromosome, the correct answer is the one that states females with this condition lack an X chromosome.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | b03416f9e8edc87b2d73681a22b00e15479cdb0865e237c610fb38743a50ff90 | [
"f26f2b9eb1e4e3f43e3f2bdb75b3b02901ae2b51d6955bec7a61e32a2b0b03fd"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the condition of Turner's syndrome
Turner's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects females, where they are born with only one sex chromosome, either an X or a Y. Normally, females have two sex chromosomes, XX, and males have one sex chromosome, XY. In Turner's syndrome, females have only one sex chromosome, usually an X, but in some cases, it can be an XY or other variations.
## Step 2: Recall the inheritance pattern of recessive, X-linked traits
Recessive, X-linked traits are inherited in a specific pattern. Females, who have two sex chromosomes (XX), can be carriers of these traits if they have one normal and one mutated copy of the gene. Males, who have one sex chromosome (X or Y), are more likely to express the trait if they inherit the mutated gene because they only have one copy of the gene. The mention of a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait, in females with Turner's syndrome suggests that these females are more likely to express this trait because they have only one sex chromosome.
## Step 3: Infer the genetic makeup of females with Turner's syndrome based on the information about hemophilia
Given that females with Turner's syndrome have a high incidence of hemophilia, a recessive, X-linked trait, it suggests that these females are more likely to have a single copy of the gene for hemophilia. This is only possible if they have only one sex chromosome, as they would not have a second copy of the gene to balance out the mutated one.
## Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options
Option A (have an extra X chromosome) and option B (have an extra Y chromosome) are incorrect because Turner's syndrome is characterized by having only one sex chromosome, not extra ones. Option D (have red blood cells that clump) is incorrect because it describes a condition related to blood cells, which is not directly related to the genetic condition of Turner's syndrome.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is the direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria? | {
"A": "NADH diffusing from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix",
"B": "The reduction of NAD+ during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA",
"C": "H+ ions flowing down a gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane",
"D": "The energy of electrons passing along the electron transport chain"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is the direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria?\nA. NADH diffusing from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix\nB. The reduction of NAD+ during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA\nC. H+ ions flowing down a gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane\nD. The energy of electrons passing along the electron transport chain\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for the direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the direct energy source\nATP synthase uses the energy from the flow of H+ ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce ATP. This process is known as chemiosmosis.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\nA and B are related to the electron transport chain and the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, but they are not the direct energy source for ATP synthase. D is related to the electron transport chain, but it is not the direct energy source for ATP synthase.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nThe direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria is the flow of H+ ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 72b305dafe837eee3e687d2a1851a724eb093b6e0394ddfb1b93454e084a37d9 | [
"4c856b572a468b445b5f8889447398186ee07caff3085b38771055f09cbb4bd0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for the direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria.
## Step 2: Identifying the energy source in mitochondria
In mitochondria, the direct energy source for ATP production is the flow of protons (H+) down their concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options
- Option A (NADH diffusing from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix) is incorrect because NADH is a product of the electron transport chain, not the direct energy source.
- Option B (The reduction of NAD+ during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA) is incorrect because this is a step in glycolysis and not directly related to the energy source for ATP synthase in mitochondria.
- Option D (The energy of electrons passing along the electron transport chain) is incorrect because, although the electron transport chain generates the proton gradient, the direct energy source for ATP synthase is the protons themselves, not the electrons.
## Step 4: Identifying the correct answer
Given the elimination of incorrect options, the direct energy source that allows ATP synthase to produce ATP in mitochondria is the flow of H+ ions down their concentration gradient.
The best answer is 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| 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following cells is most closely associated with phagocytosis? | {
"A": "Neutrophils",
"B": "Plasma cells",
"C": "B cells",
"D": "Memory cells"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following cells is most closely associated with phagocytosis?\nA. Neutrophils\nB. Plasma cells\nC. B cells\nD. Memory cells\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key concept of the question\nThe question is asking about the cell type most closely associated with phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles or microorganisms.\n\n## Step 2: Recall the functions of the given cell types\n- Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a significant role in the innate immune system, particularly in the defense against infections.\n- Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to fight infections.\n- B cells are a type of white blood cell that matures into plasma cells upon activation.\n- Memory cells are a type of B cell that remembers specific pathogens and can mount a more rapid and effective response upon subsequent infections.\n\n## Step 3: Determine which cell type is most closely associated with phagocytosis\nAmong the given options, neutrophils are the cells most directly involved in phagocytosis, as they engulf and digest foreign particles and microorganisms.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 7ba9eb60618ed3e044e8c96fb066c9502bb4c76f594a6dd50814d4ee7dc8e189 | [
"8658edb40247f53d92cb7a59e824aa19434c32ee2c52d325ac714df0e1023fbf"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks which cell is most closely associated with phagocytosis, a process by which cells engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, or microorganisms.
## Step 2: Identifying the role of each cell type
- Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response, particularly in the defense against infections. They are known for their ability to engulf and digest pathogens and debris through phagocytosis.
- Plasma cells are specialized B lymphocytes that produce large amounts of antibodies. They are not primarily involved in phagocytosis.
- B cells are lymphocytes that play a key role in the adaptive immune response by recognizing and responding to specific pathogens. While they can interact with pathogens, their primary function is not phagocytosis.
- Memory cells are a type of lymphocyte that remembers specific pathogens and mounts a more rapid and effective immune response upon subsequent exposure. They are not primarily involved in phagocytosis.
## Step 3: Selecting the best answer
Based on the roles of each cell type, neutrophils are the cells most closely associated with phagocytosis.
The best answer is 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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Lampreys attach to the skin of lake trout and absorb nutrients from its body. This relationship is an example of | {
"A": "commensalism",
"B": "parasitism",
"C": "mutualism",
"D": "gravitropism"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Lampreys attach to the skin of lake trout and absorb nutrients from its body. This relationship is an example of\nA. commensalism\nB. parasitism\nC. mutualism\nD. gravitropism\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the relationship between lampreys and lake trout\nLampreys attach to the skin of lake trout and absorb nutrients from its body, which means they benefit from this interaction while the lake trout is harmed.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the type of relationship based on the identified characteristics\nSince one organism benefits and the other is harmed, this is not mutualism (where both benefit) or commensalism (where one benefits and the other is not affected). It is also not gravitropism, which is the growth response of plants in relation to gravity.\n\n## Step 3: Conclude the type of relationship\nGiven that lampreys benefit and lake trout are harmed, this is an example of parasitism.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 5a35c547f39d28f84d0ce3b6e4bab7b1080ac57052e2b08acd35723fd0ddbd06 | [
"71e76bc40c218b94f6fd025bf876df10d13bd70cddfe7b56b6ba8aa8e5bb44d1"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the definitions of the given options
- Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
- Parasitism is a relationship where one organism, the parasite, benefits and the other, the host, is harmed.
- Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Gravitropism is the response of an organism to gravity, not a type of relationship.
## Step 2: Analyze the given scenario
- Lampreys attach to the skin of lake trout and absorb nutrients from its body. This implies that the lamprey benefits from the relationship while the trout is harmed.
## Step 3: Determine the type of relationship
- Given that the lamprey benefits and the trout is harmed, this fits the definition of parasitism.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is correct about organisms that are the first to colonize a habitat undergoing ecological succession? | {
"A": "They are the fiercest competitors in the area.",
"B": "They maintain the habitat as it is for their own kind.",
"C": "They change the habitat in a way that makes it more habitable for other organisms.",
"D": "They are small invertebrates."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is correct about organisms that are the first to colonize a habitat undergoing ecological succession?\nA. They are the fiercest competitors in the area.\nB. They maintain the habitat as it is for their own kind.\nC. They change the habitat in a way that makes it more habitable for other organisms.\nD. They are small invertebrates.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of ecological succession\nEcological succession is the process of change in the species composition of a biological community over time. It begins with the first organisms to colonize a new or disturbed habitat.\n\n## Step 2: Characteristics of the first colonizers\nThe first organisms to colonize a new or disturbed habitat are typically those that can thrive in a variety of conditions and can tolerate a range of environmental factors. They are often small invertebrates such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, which can grow on almost any surface and can survive in a wide range of temperatures and pH levels.\n\n## Step 3: Impact of the first colonizers on the habitat\nAs these organisms grow and multiply, they begin to break down the existing organic matter and release nutrients into the environment. This process makes the habitat more habitable for other organisms, such as plants and larger animals, which can then colonize the area.\n\n## Step 4: Eliminating incorrect options\nOption A is incorrect because the first colonizers are not necessarily the fiercest competitors in the area. Option B is incorrect because the first colonizers do not maintain the habitat as it is for their own kind; instead, they change the habitat in a way that makes it more habitable for other organisms. Option A is also incorrect because the first colonizers are not necessarily the fiercest competitors in the area.\n\n## Step 5: Selecting the correct answer\nBased on the understanding of ecological succession and the characteristics of the first colonizers, the correct answer is D. They are small invertebrates.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | b837a468888c9d7450ea585f1943bdba98a255b56122871e65620d7023f5e365 | [
"4b3358e126d11ba7abd0f5e27cec74af5177cb804d045fa226b07c677175eca1"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in the composition or structure of an ecological community over time. It can be initiated by various disturbances, such as fire, flooding, or deforestation, which create a new environment that is initially uninhabited.
## Step 2: Identifying the First Colonizers
The first organisms to colonize a new habitat are typically those that can tolerate the extreme conditions present immediately after the disturbance. These organisms are often pioneers, meaning they are the first to inhabit a new or newly disturbed area.
## Step 3: Characteristics of First Colonizers
Pioneers are usually small invertebrates, such as fungi, algae, or small invertebrate species, because they have a shorter life cycle and can reproduce quickly, allowing them to rapidly colonize the new habitat before other, more competitive species can establish themselves.
## Step 4: Impact of First Colonizers on the Habitat
While they may not be the fiercest competitors in the area, their presence and activity can indeed change the habitat in a way that makes it more habitable for other organisms. For example, by decomposing organic matter, fungi can release nutrients that support the growth of other organisms.
## Step 5: Eliminating Incorrect Options
- A is incorrect because the first colonizers are not necessarily the fiercest competitors; they are often the most adaptable to the new environment.
- B is incorrect because the first colonizers do not maintain the habitat as it is for their own kind; they are more about changing and adapting to the new environment.
- C is partially correct but doesn't fully capture the nature of the first colonizers; while they do change the habitat, they are not necessarily doing so in a way that directly makes it more habitable for other organisms in the long term.
## Step 6: Identifying the Correct Answer
Given the characteristics of the first colonizers and the process of ecological succession, the correct answer is D. They are small invertebrates.
The best answer is 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| 0 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Unlike large populations, small populations are vulnerable to various processes that draw populations down an extinction vortex toward smaller and smaller populations until no individuals survive. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the factors that endanger a population? | {
"A": "Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation threaten a population.",
"B": "Migration of new individuals into the population threatens a population.",
"C": "Mutation reduces the health of a population.",
"D": "Breeding with individuals from a different population may cause the extinction of the first population due to a decrease in diversity."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Unlike large populations, small populations are vulnerable to various processes that draw populations down an extinction vortex toward smaller and smaller populations until no individuals survive. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the factors that endanger a population?\nA. Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation threaten a population.\nB. Migration of new individuals into the population threatens a population.\nC. Mutation reduces the health of a population.\nD. Breeding with individuals from a different population may cause the extinction of the first population due to a decrease in diversity.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of an \"extinction vortex\"\nAn extinction vortex refers to a situation where a population is drawn down towards smaller and smaller populations until it becomes extinct. This can be due to various factors.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the factors that contribute to an extinction vortex\nInbreeding and loss of genetic variation are known to weaken a population by reducing its ability to adapt to changing environments and increasing the likelihood of genetic disorders.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\nMigration of new individuals into a population can actually help to increase genetic diversity and prevent inbreeding, so option B is incorrect. Mutation can have both positive and negative effects on a population, and it is not a direct threat to a population's survival, making option C incorrect. Option D is also incorrect because breeding with individuals from a different population can actually increase genetic diversity and help to prevent inbreeding.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nBased on the understanding of an extinction vortex and the factors that contribute to it, the correct answer is option A.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 79174bfdd31b18b30ca7d1a54f579d6787527177a07ae6c70f860bf171e06f11 | [
"bcd2199d5319c342dcaeb74d547c9e25cbe7ef98314d82cfb5748243612811a7"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of an extinction vortex
An extinction vortex refers to the process by which a population declines towards extinction due to various factors.
## Step 2: Identifying the factors that contribute to an extinction vortex
In small populations, several factors can contribute to an extinction vortex. These include inbreeding depression, loss of genetic variation, and the introduction of new individuals that may not be compatible with the existing population.
## Step 3: Analyzing the options provided
- Option A: Inbreeding and loss of genetic variation threaten a population. This is a correct statement as inbreeding can lead to inbreeding depression, and the loss of genetic variation can make a population more vulnerable to extinction.
- Option B: Migration of new individuals into the population threatens a population. This is incorrect as the introduction of new individuals can potentially increase the genetic diversity and health of a population.
- Option C: Mutation reduces the health of a population. While mutations can have negative effects, the statement is too broad and does not specifically address the factors contributing to an extinction vortex.
- Option D: Breeding with individuals from a different population may cause the extinction of the first population due to a decrease in diversity. This is incorrect as the introduction of new genetic material can potentially increase the genetic diversity of a population.
## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is the one that accurately identifies the factors that endanger a population.
The best answer is 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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this? | {
"A": "artificial selection",
"B": "directional selection",
"C": "stabilizing selection",
"D": "disruptive selection"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this?\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the concept of directional selection\nDirectional selection is a type of natural selection where there is a consistent advantage for individuals with one extreme trait, leading to a shift in the population's trait distribution over time.\n\n## Step 2: Apply the concept to the given scenario\nIn the case of horses increasing in size over geologic time, there is a consistent advantage for individuals with larger body size, leading to a shift in the population's body size distribution over time.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | dc8c68cd6d8e0554833284afe48568f58f543caf75a226cc388c76362160f10d | [
"3750450513641058da672a912fd830fcf3d1b9a2547ca1280f4a1d9498ffd69b"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of directional selection
Directional selection is a type of natural selection where a population's average phenotype changes over time due to environmental pressures, resulting in a consistent direction of change.
## Step 2: Apply the concept to the given scenario
In the case of horses, the gradual increase in size over geologic time is a clear example of directional selection. The environment favored larger body size, leading to a consistent change in the population's average phenotype.
## Step 3: Eliminate other options
Artificial selection (A) is a human-imposed selection, which does not apply to the natural evolution of horses. Stabilizing selection (C) would lead to a reduction in variation, which is the opposite of what is observed in horse evolution. Disruptive selection (D) would lead to an increase in variation, which is also not observed.
The best answer is 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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns? | {
"A": "artificial selection",
"B": "directional selection",
"C": "stabilizing selection",
"D": "disruptive selection"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?\nA. artificial selection\nB. directional selection\nC. stabilizing selection\nD. disruptive selection\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of disruptive selection\nDisruptive selection is a type of natural selection where the extremes of a trait are favored over the average or intermediate form, leading to the creation of two distinct populations.\n\n## Step 2: Relating the concept to the given scenario\nThe scenario describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns, which suggests that the species has been split into two distinct populations based on their color patterns.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer\nGiven the description of the butterfly species and the concept of disruptive selection, the correct answer is the one that matches the definition of disruptive selection.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | b728415ea473cff0d551189f8cbbedf817ad9389cfd0b05ea323779e8c12340a | [
"805da0f46b222513dac6a91ec29b37ab7001c140eb2946b25d238fbcc6ab4cf8"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of disruptive selection
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection where two or more distinct phenotypes are favored in a particular environment, leading to a bimodal distribution of traits.
## Step 2: Relate the concept to the question
The question describes a butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns. This scenario is a perfect example of disruptive selection, where the two color patterns are favored in different environments, leading to a bimodal distribution of traits.
## Step 3: Eliminate other options
Artificial selection (A) is a human-driven process that selects for specific traits, directional selection (B) is a type of selection that selects for a particular direction of variation, and stabilizing selection (C) is a type of selection that selects for the average value of a trait.
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer
Based on the understanding of the concept and its relation to the question, the correct answer is the one that describes disruptive selection.
The best answer is 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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular reproduction is that in meiosis | {
"A": "there is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell division",
"B": "separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division, whereas in mitosis separation of sister chromatids occurs during the first division",
"C": "chromosomes are replicated during interphase, whereas in mitosis chromosomes are replicated during prophase",
"D": "spindle fibers form during prophase, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form during metaphase"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Regarding meiosis and mitosis, one difference between the two forms of cellular reproduction is that in meiosis\nA. there is one round of cell division, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell division\nB. separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division, whereas in mitosis separation of sister chromatids occurs during the first division\nC. chromosomes are replicated during interphase, whereas in mitosis chromosomes are replicated during prophase\nD. spindle fibers form during prophase, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form during metaphase\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key differences between meiosis and mitosis.\nMeiosis and mitosis are both types of cell division, but they have distinct differences in terms of the number of cell divisions, chromosome replication, and separation of sister chromatids.\n\n## Step 2: Analyze each option in relation to the key differences.\nOption A is incorrect because both meiosis and mitosis involve two rounds of cell division. Option C is incorrect because in both meiosis and mitosis, chromosomes are replicated during interphase. Option D is incorrect because in both meiosis and mitosis, spindle fibers form during prophase.\n\n## Step 3: Determine the correct answer based on the analysis.\nThe correct answer is related to the separation of sister chromatids, which occurs during the first division in mitosis and during both divisions in meiosis.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct option that describes the difference in separation of sister chromatids.\nOption B states that separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division in meiosis, whereas in mitosis separation of sister chromatids occurs during the first division, which is a correct description of the difference.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | cc8327ef46aab06ee642e8eb705d65a662b56b8fe11b80a91b197b0c5b72dc09 | [
"162a5ac667c04731bd128b48b83aa43cabc24390e83e07a0710c6da17c79825d"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for a difference between meiosis and mitosis in cellular reproduction.
## Step 2: Identifying the key differences
Meiosis and mitosis are both types of cell division, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in reproductive cells with a unique set of chromosomes. Mitosis, on the other hand, is a more general type of cell division that produces identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
## Step 3: Examining the options
Option A states that there is one round of cell division in meiosis, whereas in mitosis there are two rounds of cell division. This is incorrect, as mitosis typically involves only one round of cell division.
## Step 4: Examining the options (continued)
Option B states that separation of sister chromatids occurs during the second division in meiosis, whereas in mitosis separation of sister chromatids occurs during the first division. This is correct, as meiosis involves two successive cell divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II), whereas mitosis involves only one round of cell division.
## Step 5: Examining the options (continued)
Option C states that chromosomes are replicated during interphase in mitosis, whereas in meiosis chromosomes are replicated during prophase. This is incorrect, as chromosomes are replicated during interphase in both meiosis and mitosis.
## Step 6: Examining the options (continued)
Option D states that spindle fibers form during prophase in meiosis, whereas in mitosis the spindle fibers form during metaphase. This is incorrect, as spindle fibers typically form during prophase in both meiosis and mitosis.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following about meiosis is NOT true? | {
"A": "Meiosis produces two haploid gametes.",
"B": "Homologous chromosomes join during synapsis.",
"C": "Sister chromatids separate during meiosis I.",
"D": "Crossing-over increases genetic variation in gametes."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following about meiosis is NOT true?\nA. Meiosis produces two haploid gametes.\nB. Homologous chromosomes join during synapsis.\nC. Sister chromatids separate during meiosis I.\nD. Crossing-over increases genetic variation in gametes.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the process of meiosis\nMeiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) that are haploid.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options given\nOption A states that meiosis produces two haploid gametes, which is true. Option B mentions that homologous chromosomes join during synapsis, which is also true as this is a part of the process of meiosis where homologous chromosomes come together in a structure called a synaptonemal complex. Option D talks about crossing-over increasing genetic variation in gametes, which is true as crossing-over is a process that occurs during meiosis where segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect statement\nOption C states that sister chromatids separate during meiosis I, which is incorrect. Sister chromatids separate during meiosis II, not meiosis I. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, while in meiosis II, sister chromatids separate.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | e8f03613fa50663257af5e57f0eeda1335b76029db27f4bf7f9bb0e57ba080bf | [
"cdeca1af8f859aa5c63acff5dad7fc7c042927d6bb79c1214e454ad76b5a761c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks us to identify the statement that is NOT true about meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the reproductive cells (gametes) by half, ensuring that when gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct number of chromosomes for the species.
## Step 2: Examining option A
Option A states that meiosis produces two haploid gametes. This is a fundamental aspect of meiosis and is true. Meiosis results in the production of gametes that are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
## Step 3: Examining option B
Option B states that homologous chromosomes join during synapsis. During synapsis, homologous chromosomes come together and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing-over, which increases genetic variation. This statement is true.
## Step 4: Examining option C
Option C states that sister chromatids separate during meiosis I. This statement is false. Sister chromatids separate during meiosis II, not meiosis I. Meiosis I is the first division of meiosis, and it involves the separation of homologous chromosomes. Meiosis II, the second division, is where sister chromatids separate.
## Step 5: Examining option D
Option D states that crossing-over increases genetic variation in gametes. This is true. Crossing-over is a process that occurs during synapsis where segments of chromosomes are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation in the gametes.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Oligomycin is an antibiotic that blocks proton channels in the cristae of mitochondria by binding to ATP synthase. Which of the following would be the first expected response after the application of oligomycin to cells? | {
"A": "Water production would increase.",
"B": "H+ would increase inside the intermembrane space (the compartment between inner and outer membranes).",
"C": "H+ would increase in the matrix (inside mitochondrial inner membrane).",
"D": "H+ would increase outside mitochondria."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Oligomycin is an antibiotic that blocks proton channels in the cristae of mitochondria by binding to ATP synthase. Which of the following would be the first expected response after the application of oligomycin to cells?\nA. Water production would increase.\nB. H+ would increase inside the intermembrane space (the compartment between inner and outer membranes).\nC. H+ would increase in the matrix (inside mitochondrial inner membrane).\nD. H+ would increase outside mitochondria.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the action of oligomycin\nOligomycin blocks proton channels in the cristae of mitochondria by binding to ATP synthase. This action prevents the flow of protons (H+) through the ATP synthase, which is crucial for the production of ATP in the mitochondria.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the immediate effect of blocking proton flow\nSince oligomycin blocks the flow of protons through the ATP synthase, the protons that would normally flow through this channel to produce ATP will instead accumulate in the compartment where they are pumped in during the electron transport chain.\n\n## Step 3: Identify the compartment where protons are pumped in\nDuring the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the matrix (the compartment inside the mitochondrial inner membrane) into the intermembrane space (the compartment between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria).\n\n## Step 4: Determine the immediate effect on the intermembrane space\nSince protons are pumped into the intermembrane space during the electron transport chain and oligomycin blocks their flow back into the matrix through the ATP synthase, the concentration of protons in the intermembrane space would increase.\n\n## Step 5: Relate the increase in protons in the intermembrane space to the options\nGiven that the protons increase in the intermembrane space, this directly relates to option B, which states that H+ would increase inside the intermembrane space.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 5bfe8aaf58650c49c5b5e50b56daea10da2b6e4391d510ea8ec0154bb3c2803b | [
"2c59ad65784ac39339fe4cc115f750735cd2260f8ab1f5bc7981d88efab5edd3"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the effect of oligomycin on mitochondria
Oligomycin is an antibiotic that specifically targets the ATP synthase complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. By binding to this complex, oligomycin prevents the production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. This action does not directly increase the production of ATP but rather blocks its production.
## Step 2: Identifying the primary response to oligomycin application
The primary response to oligomycin application would be related to the disruption of ATP production. Since oligomycin specifically affects the ATP synthase, which is involved in the production of ATP by pumping protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, the initial response would be related to the protons.
## Step 3: Determining the direction of proton movement
ATP synthase pumps protons from the matrix (inside the mitochondria) to the intermembrane space (between the inner and outer membranes). By blocking this function, oligomycin would prevent protons from being pumped out of the matrix, leading to an accumulation of protons in the matrix.
## Step 4: Identifying the correct answer based on the analysis
Given the analysis, the correct answer would reflect the accumulation of protons in the matrix as the first expected response after the application of oligomycin.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | If neutral variation is truly "neutral," then it should have no effect on | {
"A": "nucleotide diversity.",
"B": "average heterozygosity.",
"C": "our ability to measure the rate of evolution.",
"D": "relative fitness."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: If neutral variation is truly \"neutral,\" then it should have no effect on\nA. nucleotide diversity.\nB. average heterozygosity.\nC. our ability to measure the rate of evolution.\nD. relative fitness.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of neutral variation\nNeutral variation refers to genetic variation that does not affect the fitness of an organism. This means that it does not provide any advantage or disadvantage in terms of survival and reproduction.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the effects of neutral variation on the given options\n- A. Nucleotide diversity: Neutral variation can contribute to nucleotide diversity as it is a measure of the total amount of genetic variation in a population.\n- B. Average heterozygosity: Neutral variation can also affect average heterozygosity, as it is a measure of the genetic variation within a population.\n- C. Our ability to measure the rate of evolution: Neutral variation can be used as a \"clock\" to measure the rate of evolution, as it is not subject to natural selection and can provide a neutral background against which to measure the effects of selection.\n- D. Relative fitness: Since neutral variation does not affect the fitness of an organism, it should have no effect on relative fitness.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 6fe6063def9cf07ca478a88b9df94f92a2dc397c7bba7e560aa90ef19a93bb01 | [
"f9d76726b5917be35b17cc81ffe11b3e768aa6efb3f929c9eadd7a32a1615c92"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of neutral variation
Neutral variation refers to the changes in the genetic code of a population that do not affect the fitness or survival of the individuals. This concept is crucial in understanding how genetic variation evolves over time.
## Step 2: Analyzing the options
- A. Nucleotide diversity: This is a measure of the genetic variation within a population. Neutral variation can indeed affect this measure, as it can increase or decrease the diversity depending on the mutation rate and population size.
- B. Average heterozygosity: This is a measure of genetic diversity that can be affected by neutral variation. However, neutral variation might not directly impact the average heterozygosity in the same way it affects other aspects of genetic variation.
- C. Our ability to measure the rate of evolution: Neutral variation can indeed affect our ability to measure the rate of evolution because it contributes to the overall genetic variation that is measured. However, it does not directly impact the rate of evolution itself.
- D. Relative fitness: This is the most direct impact of neutral variation. By definition, neutral variation does not affect the relative fitness of individuals.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Given the definition and understanding of neutral variation, the correct answer is the one that is least affected by neutral variation.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following characteristics would allow you to distinguish a prokaryotic cell from an animal cell? | {
"A": "Ribosomes",
"B": "Cell membrane",
"C": "Chloroplasts",
"D": "Cell wall"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following characteristics would allow you to distinguish a prokaryotic cell from an animal cell?\nA. Ribosomes\nB. Cell membrane\nC. Chloroplasts\nD. Cell wall\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key differences between prokaryotic cells and animal cells.\nProkaryotic cells, such as those found in bacteria, are distinct from animal cells in several key features. One of the primary differences is the presence of a cell wall, which provides structural support and maintains the cell's shape.\n\n## Step 2: Consider each option in the context of distinguishing prokaryotic cells from animal cells.\n- A. Ribosomes: Both prokaryotic and animal cells have ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, ribosomes do not serve as a distinguishing feature.\n- B. Cell membrane: Both types of cells have a cell membrane, which is essential for maintaining cellular integrity. Thus, the presence of a cell membrane is not a distinguishing characteristic.\n- C. Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae, where photosynthesis occurs. Since prokaryotic cells do not have chloroplasts, this could be a distinguishing feature. However, the question asks for a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from animal cells, and chloroplasts are not present in either.\n- D. Cell wall: A cell wall is present in prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (like plant cells), but it is not a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from animal cells, as animal cells do not have a cell wall.\n\n## Step 3: Identify the correct answer based on the analysis.\nGiven the analysis, none of the options directly distinguish prokaryotic cells from animal cells based on the question's criteria. However, since chloroplasts are not present in either prokaryotic or animal cells, and the question asks for a characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from animal cells, we must consider the context of the question more broadly. The question seems to be asking for a feature that is unique to one of these cell types, but given the options, none directly answer the question as it pertains to distinguishing prokaryotic cells from animal cells. However, if we must choose based on the information provided and the process of elimination, chloroplasts are not present in either cell type, but the question's intent seems to be about a feature that is present in one and not the other, which is not directly answered by the options provided.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 6007488fb93b55cab4d0eeb6636ff1fd999fb8b6acdc21af39b1776e30166977 | [
"18ec46d8b0d3706b85516341e09bf3a417f35513d71b03354650b9a2d9b72f20"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
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} | ## Step 1: Identify the characteristics of prokaryotic cells and animal cells.
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are distinct from animal cells in several ways. One key difference is the presence of a cell wall in prokaryotic cells, which is typically absent in animal cells.
## Step 2: Evaluate each option based on the characteristics of prokaryotic cells and animal cells.
- A. Ribosomes: Both prokaryotic and animal cells have ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. Therefore, ribosomes do not distinguish between the two types of cells.
- B. Cell membrane: Both prokaryotic and animal cells have a cell membrane, which is essential for maintaining the cell's internal environment. Thus, the presence of a cell membrane is not a distinguishing characteristic.
- C. Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells, not in prokaryotic or animal cells. This makes chloroplasts a distinguishing characteristic, but only for plant cells, not for distinguishing prokaryotic from animal cells.
- D. Cell wall: A cell wall is present in prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, but is typically absent in animal cells. This makes the cell wall a distinguishing characteristic between prokaryotic and animal cells.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer based on the evaluation.
Given the evaluation, the correct answer is the characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from animal cells.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | This process leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH. | {
"A": "Glycolysis",
"B": "Chemiosmosis",
"C": "Fermentation",
"D": "Calvin cycle"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: This process leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH.\nA. Glycolysis\nB. Chemiosmosis\nC. Fermentation\nD. Calvin cycle\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key components of the process described\nThe process leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH.\n\n## Step 2: Match the key components with the process\n- The production of pyruvate is a key feature of glycolysis.\n- The production of ATP and NADH is also consistent with glycolysis, as it is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down to produce energy.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options\n- Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is produced in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation, not directly related to the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.\n- Fermentation is a process that occurs when oxygen is not present, and it produces ATP and NADH, but it does not produce pyruvate as a net product.\n- The Calvin cycle is a light-independent reaction in photosynthesis, not related to the breakdown of glucose.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer\nBased on the key components and the elimination of incorrect options, the correct answer is glycolysis.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 8baac26afd3f886561e3eaf01446f8b3bb4aadbb79dde37e48965aea7f56c516 | [
"fb523fa504c265369c2f06bb762ae985f14918262c4766d3f362f563627a4828"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the process described
The process described leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH. This is a key characteristic of cellular respiration, specifically the process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH as byproducts.
## Step 2: Identifying the process
Among the given options, glycolysis is the process that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH as byproducts. However, glycolysis itself does not produce ATP and NADH directly as net products; it produces ATP and NADH but also consumes ATP and NADH. The correct process that fits the description given, including the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH, needs to be identified from the options provided.
## Step 3: Examining the options
- A. Glycolysis: This process converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH, but it does not directly lead to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH as stated.
- B. Chemiosmosis: This is the process by which ATP is generated through the movement of ions across a membrane, driven by the gradient of ions. While it is involved in the production of ATP, it does not directly lead to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH.
- C. Fermentation: This is a process that converts glucose into ATP and NADH without the use of oxygen, resulting in the net production of ATP, NADH, and other products like lactic acid or ethanol. This process fits the description given.
- D. Calvin cycle: This is a light-independent reaction in photosynthesis that converts CO2 into glucose, using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions. It does not fit the description given.
## Step 4: Conclusion
Given the description of the process leading to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH, the best match is fermentation, as it is the process that directly produces these products.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | When oxygen becomes unavailable, this process regenerates NAD+, allowing respiration to continue. | {
"A": "Glycolysis",
"B": "Chemiosmosis",
"C": "Fermentation",
"D": "Calvin cycle"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: When oxygen becomes unavailable, this process regenerates NAD+, allowing respiration to continue.\nA. Glycolysis\nB. Chemiosmosis\nC. Fermentation\nD. Calvin cycle\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the process that occurs when oxygen becomes unavailable\nWhen oxygen becomes unavailable, cells switch to a process that does not require oxygen to continue.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the purpose of this process\nThis process is necessary to regenerate NAD+, which is a critical component in cellular respiration, allowing the process to continue without oxygen.\n\n## Step 3: Match the process with the given options\nAmong the given options, one process is specifically known for regenerating NAD+ and continuing without oxygen.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer\nBased on the above steps, the correct answer is the process that regenerates NAD+ and continues without oxygen.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 9b8079795cd3b12abde335ad38ca62b136b45670f5e16712aeac10ac3a04533b | [
"e98fac1ecca9efd6f1eff866b3e45554c1f797849925f3f6a39aa98bd7f11c3f"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the process in question
The process we are looking for is one that regenerates NAD+ when oxygen becomes unavailable. This is crucial for the continuation of cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen.
## Step 2: Identifying the process
Fermentation is the process by which cells generate energy in the absence of oxygen. It involves the conversion of glucose into ATP, with the byproduct of lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide, depending on the type of fermentation. A key aspect of fermentation is that it regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing the process to continue without the need for oxygen.
## Step 3: Eliminating other options
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing NADH and ATP. However, it does not regenerate NAD+ and requires oxygen for the complete process of cellular respiration. Chemiosmosis is the process by which ATP is generated from the movement of protons across a membrane in the presence of oxygen. The Calvin cycle is part of photosynthesis, converting CO2 into glucose in the presence of sunlight, and is not related to the regeneration of NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Before the human genome was sequenced by the Human Genome Project, scientists expected that they would find about 100,000 genes. In fact, they discovered that humans have only about 24,000 genes. How can we exhibit so many different traits from so few genes? | {
"A": "Modification of histone proteins usually increases the function of genes.",
"B": "Epigenetics enables one gene to produce many different traits.",
"C": "This is proof that pseudogenes and introns are expressed.",
"D": "A single gene can produce more than one trait because of alternative splicing"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Before the human genome was sequenced by the Human Genome Project, scientists expected that they would find about 100,000 genes. In fact, they discovered that humans have only about 24,000 genes. How can we exhibit so many different traits from so few genes?\nA. Modification of histone proteins usually increases the function of genes.\nB. Epigenetics enables one gene to produce many different traits.\nC. This is proof that pseudogenes and introns are expressed.\nD. A single gene can produce more than one trait because of alternative splicing\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks how humans can exhibit so many different traits from a relatively small number of genes.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the options\nOption A mentions modification of histone proteins, which can affect gene expression but doesn't directly explain how a small number of genes can produce many traits.\n\n## Step 3: Considering the options\nOption B refers to epigenetics, which is the study of gene expression and its regulation, but it doesn't specifically address how a single gene can produce multiple traits.\n\n## Step 4: Considering the options\nOption C suggests that pseudogenes and introns are expressed, but this is not directly related to the question of how a small number of genes can produce many traits.\n\n## Step 5: Considering the options\nOption D mentions alternative splicing, which is a process by which a single gene can produce multiple proteins and, therefore, multiple traits.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nGiven the information and the options, the most plausible explanation for how humans can exhibit so many different traits from a relatively small number of genes is through alternative splicing.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 136e32a88e0d4bbeedbc6b65fcd9df252dc67a68a82241c857ad11fd531d1064 | [
"bb7af1faa3f510ed230ee4eb1f6aa6ec05aae41449128e5ec7892df12ba5bbac"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the question
The question asks how humans can exhibit so many different traits from a relatively small number of genes.
## Step 2: Consider the role of gene regulation
Gene regulation is a crucial aspect of how genes contribute to the complexity of traits in organisms. This includes mechanisms such as epigenetics, gene expression, and alternative splicing.
## Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Modification of histone proteins usually increases the function of genes. While histone modification is a form of epigenetic regulation, it does not directly explain the diversity of traits from a limited number of genes.
- B. Epigenetics enables one gene to produce many different traits. Epigenetics is a key player in gene regulation, but it's more about how genes are turned on or off rather than directly explaining the diversity of traits.
- C. This is proof that pseudogenes and introns are expressed. The presence of pseudogenes and introns does not directly explain the diversity of traits from a limited number of genes.
- D. A single gene can produce more than one trait because of alternative splicing. Alternative splicing is a mechanism that allows a single gene to be expressed as multiple different proteins, directly contributing to the diversity of traits.
## Step 4: Choose the best answer
Based on the analysis, the best answer is the one that directly addresses how a single gene can contribute to multiple traits.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? | {
"A": "Genetic variation among individuals",
"B": "Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors",
"C": "Sexual reproduction",
"D": "B and C only"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?\nA. Genetic variation among individuals\nB. Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors\nC. Sexual reproduction\nD. B and C only\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for a condition that must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon it.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the options\nOption A mentions genetic variation among individuals, which is a fundamental requirement for natural selection to occur. Without genetic variation, there would be no differences in traits among individuals for natural selection to act upon.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the necessity of genetic variation\nGenetic variation is necessary for natural selection to act upon a population. This is because natural selection requires differences in traits among individuals to favor the survival and reproduction of certain individuals over others.\n\n## Step 4: Considering the role of environmental factors\nOption B mentions variation among individuals caused by environmental factors. While environmental factors can influence the expression of traits, they are not a requirement for natural selection to act upon a population.\n\n## Step 5: Evaluating the necessity of sexual reproduction\nOption C mentions sexual reproduction, which can increase genetic variation through processes like genetic recombination and mutation. However, natural selection can also act on populations that reproduce asexually.\n\n## Step 6: Considering the combination of options B and C\nOption D suggests that both B and C must exist. However, as discussed earlier, option B is not a requirement for natural selection, and option C is not a strict requirement either.\n\n## Step 7: Conclusion\nBased on the analysis, the correct answer is the option that mentions genetic variation among individuals as a requirement for natural selection to act upon a population.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | bfc46696d35faf73ec9a581677c345c2e2a88c8ecebecede9f514b8f479b2302 | [
"8324105cafc36a0fe0021ab845400a2e1fc16d6645953c7a2a2c5d895a0b6704"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about the necessary condition for natural selection to act on a population. This means we need to identify the fundamental requirement for natural selection to operate.
## Step 2: Considering the options
- A. Genetic variation among individuals: This is a fundamental requirement because natural selection acts on existing variation within a population.
- B. Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors: While environmental factors can influence the expression of genetic variation, they are not a direct requirement for natural selection to act.
- C. Sexual reproduction: This is not a direct requirement for natural selection, although sexual reproduction can increase genetic variation, which in turn can increase the potential for natural selection to act.
- D. B and C only: This option is incorrect because environmental variation and sexual reproduction are not direct requirements for natural selection.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Given the above considerations, the correct answer is the one that directly addresses the necessary condition for natural selection.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | You observe a species that gives birth to only one offspring at a time and has a relatively long life-span for its body size. Which of the following is probably also true of this organism? | {
"A": "It lives in a newly colonized habitat.",
"B": "It is an aquatic organism.",
"C": "It requires relatively high parental care of offspring.",
"D": "The age at which the offspring themselves can give birth is relatively young."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: You observe a species that gives birth to only one offspring at a time and has a relatively long life-span for its body size. Which of the following is probably also true of this organism?\nA. It lives in a newly colonized habitat.\nB. It is an aquatic organism.\nC. It requires relatively high parental care of offspring.\nD. The age at which the offspring themselves can give birth is relatively young.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: The species gives birth to only one offspring at a time, which suggests that the offspring require a significant amount of parental care to increase their chances of survival.\nThis is because single offspring are more vulnerable than multiple offspring, and thus require more attention from the parent.\n\n## Step 2: The species has a relatively long life-span for its body size, which also supports the idea of high parental care.\nOrganisms with long life-spans are more likely to invest in their offspring, as they have more time to do so.\n\n## Step 3: Considering the options provided, option C is the most likely to be true of this organism.\nHigh parental care is often associated with species that give birth to single offspring and have long life-spans.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 716c623703e6d7df7c01a5a13afc9cc63728cede304bb2763e7f491fce8aff2b | [
"a05ea4a600d740730a54dce4574d3b02bddbdb2410e36d29498f5fc1e5c7cb4c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Analyzing the characteristics of the species
The species gives birth to only one offspring at a time and has a relatively long life-span for its body size. This suggests that the species invests a significant amount of energy in each offspring.
## Step 2: Considering the implications of these characteristics
Given that the species invests a significant amount of energy in each offspring, it is likely that the offspring require a significant amount of care and attention to survive.
## Step 3: Evaluating the options
Option A is not necessarily true, as the species could live in a variety of habitats. Option B is not necessarily true, as the species could be terrestrial or arboreal. Option D is not necessarily true, as the species could have a relatively old age at which offspring can give birth.
## Step 4: Identifying the most likely characteristic
Given the characteristics of the species, the most likely characteristic is that it requires relatively high parental care of offspring.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A piece of potato is dropped into a beaker of pure water. Which of the following describes the initial condition when the potato enters the water? | {
"A": "The water potential of the pure water is negative.",
"B": "The water potential of the pure water is positive.",
"C": "The water potential of the potato is positive.",
"D": "The water potential of the potato is negative."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A piece of potato is dropped into a beaker of pure water. Which of the following describes the initial condition when the potato enters the water?\nA. The water potential of the pure water is negative.\nB. The water potential of the pure water is positive.\nC. The water potential of the potato is positive.\nD. The water potential of the potato is negative.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the concept of water potential\nWater potential is a measure of the energy status of water in a system, such as a plant or a piece of potato. It is a measure of the potential energy of water relative to pure water.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the water potential of pure water\nPure water has a water potential of zero, as it is the reference point for all other water potentials.\n\n## Step 3: Determine the water potential of the potato\nWhen a piece of potato is placed in pure water, it will gain water through osmosis, as the water potential of the potato is lower than that of the pure water. This means the water potential of the potato is negative.\n\n## Step 4: Compare the water potential of the potato and the pure water\nSince the water potential of the potato is negative and that of the pure water is zero, the potato will lose water to the pure water.\n\n## Step 5: Choose the correct answer\nBased on the analysis, the water potential of the potato is negative.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 240d0362526cee6b492c3a3dd2679391a59321cecbe5636a5a3ff359ec510be0 | [
"a82084985d0b6a6b50e8f743ec8a7f602372c3325d6b6e9a0ddcc2e2ed172a41"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of water potential.
Water potential is a measure of the energy status of a water-containing substance relative to pure water. It is a fundamental concept in plant physiology and is used to describe the ability of a substance to absorb or release water.
## Step 2: Determine the initial condition when the potato enters the water.
When the potato enters the water, it is initially in a state where it has a higher water potential than the pure water. This is because the potato contains more water than pure water, making it a more water-rich substance.
## Step 3: Identify the correct statement based on the initial condition.
Given the initial condition, we can determine that the water potential of the pure water is negative, as it is less water-rich than the potato.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 0 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | In most ecosystems, net primary productivity is important because it represents the | {
"A": "energy available to producers",
"B": "total solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers",
"C": "biomass of all producers",
"D": "energy available to heterotrophs"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: In most ecosystems, net primary productivity is important because it represents the\nA. energy available to producers\nB. total solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers\nC. biomass of all producers\nD. energy available to heterotrophs\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of net primary productivity\nNet primary productivity (NPP) is a measure of the amount of organic matter produced by plants and other producers in an ecosystem over a specific period of time.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the options in relation to NPP\nOption A refers to the energy available to producers, but NPP is more about the output of producers rather than the input. Option C refers to the biomass of all producers, which is related but not exactly what NPP measures. Option D refers to the energy available to heterotrophs, which is a consequence of NPP but not what NPP directly represents.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the correct definition of NPP\nOption B, \"total solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers,\" is the most accurate description of net primary productivity. It highlights the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by producers, which is the essence of NPP.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 2d8e0800eedc7c4a65778a9f11b9c5e96777c5ca1ae3deb52031408eca213c07 | [
"6811a8c1d378702fa5cb91b8957da0c14ad017b52a5c3157ad537ef0b1aba34f"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of net primary productivity
Net primary productivity (NPP) is the amount of energy that is captured by producers (plants, algae, and cyanobacteria) and stored in organic biomass. This energy is derived from the sun and is essential for the growth and development of producers.
## Step 2: Analyzing the options
- Option A mentions energy available to producers, which is not the primary function of NPP.
- Option B states the total solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers, which aligns with the definition of NPP.
- Option C refers to the biomass of all producers, which is a result of NPP but not its primary function.
- Option D mentions energy available to heterotrophs, which is a secondary effect of NPP but not its primary importance.
## Step 3: Identifying the best answer
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes the primary importance of net primary productivity in most ecosystems.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 0 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception? | {
"A": "Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.",
"B": "Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.",
"C": "Only favorable adaptations have survival value.",
"D": "Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, \"The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result.\" Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?\nA. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.\nB. Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.\nC. Only favorable adaptations have survival value.\nD. Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the misconception in the student's statement\nThe student believes that the giraffe's offspring inherited longer necks because the giraffe stretched its neck to reach higher leaves.\n\n## Step 2: Understand the concept that corrects the misconception\nThe concept that corrects this misconception is that characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes. This is known as the \"Acquired Characteristics Hypothesis,\" which was a misconception that was later disproven by Charles Darwin and others.\n\n## Step 3: Choose the answer that corresponds to the concept that corrects the misconception\nThe answer that corresponds to this concept is A. Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 1107e9746c31fe9c75162e920f5f069581ab93a5d927fba3533c7605d1ae7a8f | [
"50acc3279ac0b9bc73f1c836879e58df74f7e8731e0149571d47577db4cc03ef"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Identify the student's misconception
The student believes that the giraffe's offspring inherited longer necks because the giraffe stretched its neck to reach higher leaves.
## Step 2: Determine the correct concept to apply
The correct concept to apply here is that characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes. This is a fundamental principle of inheritance and evolution.
## Step 3: Evaluate the options
Option A states that characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes, which directly addresses the student's misconception.
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer
Based on the evaluation, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes the concept that corrects the student's misconception.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Incomplete dominance and epistasis are two terms that define genetic relationships. Which of the following statements best describes the differences or similarities between the two terms? | {
"A": "Both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple alleles at different loci.",
"B": "Both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple genes at different loci.",
"C": "Incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two genes at different loci; epistasis describes the interaction of two alleles.",
"D": "Incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two alleles on one gene; epistasis describes the interaction of two genes and their respective alleles."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Incomplete dominance and epistasis are two terms that define genetic relationships. Which of the following statements best describes the differences or similarities between the two terms?\nA. Both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple alleles at different loci.\nB. Both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple genes at different loci.\nC. Incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two genes at different loci; epistasis describes the interaction of two alleles.\nD. Incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two alleles on one gene; epistasis describes the interaction of two genes and their respective alleles.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the definitions of incomplete dominance and epistasis\nIncomplete dominance is a phenomenon where one allele does not completely dominate over the other allele, resulting in a blend of the two alleles in the heterozygote. Epistasis, on the other hand, refers to the interaction between two or more genes, where the effect of one gene is modified by one or more other genes.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\nOption A states that both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple alleles at different loci, which is incorrect because incomplete dominance involves the interaction of two alleles at the same locus, not different loci. Option B is also incorrect because it mentions \"multiple genes at different loci,\" which is more accurately described as epistasis, not incomplete dominance. Option C is incorrect because it states that incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two genes at different loci, which is not true. Option D correctly describes incomplete dominance as the interaction of two alleles on one gene and epistasis as the interaction of two genes and their respective alleles.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | ef91c7b67fc2558ed53fa7cc74b7e90161a616828b8b86c557455d4df058d271 | [
"3e6797eea371a32a7a4496685ad9645fac38c17e5ce3d36544c77e591839562b"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the definitions of incomplete dominance and epistasis.
Incomplete dominance is a phenomenon where one allele does not completely dominate the effect of the other allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a combination of the two alleles. Epistasis, on the other hand, refers to the interaction between alleles at different loci, where the effect of one allele is modified by the presence of another allele.
## Step 2: Compare the definitions to the given options.
Option A describes inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple alleles at different loci, which aligns with the definition of epistasis. Option B describes inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple genes at different loci, which is more aligned with the concept of epistasis than incomplete dominance. Option C describes incomplete dominance as the interaction of two genes at different loci, which is incorrect. Option D describes incomplete dominance as the interaction of two alleles on one gene and epistasis as the interaction of two genes and their respective alleles, which is also incorrect.
## Step 3: Choose the best answer based on the comparison.
The correct description of the differences or similarities between incomplete dominance and epistasis is that both terms describe inheritance controlled by the interaction of multiple alleles at different loci.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your liver cells is correct? | {
"A": "Your liver cells contain the same DNA as your white blood cells.",
"B": "Most of the DNA in your liver cells will be transcribed but not translated.",
"C": "Most of the DNA in your liver cells will be transcribed in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm.",
"D": "DNA in your liver cells contains genes unique to storing glycogen, while other cells do not contain those genes."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your liver cells is correct?\nA. Your liver cells contain the same DNA as your white blood cells.\nB. Most of the DNA in your liver cells will be transcribed but not translated.\nC. Most of the DNA in your liver cells will be transcribed in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm.\nD. DNA in your liver cells contains genes unique to storing glycogen, while other cells do not contain those genes.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: All human cells, including liver cells and white blood cells, contain the same DNA.\nThis is because the DNA in human cells is identical across different cell types, with the exception of some minor variations in non-coding regions.\n\n## Step 2: Most of the DNA in liver cells is transcribed into RNA, but not all of it is translated into proteins.\nThis is because some of the transcribed RNA is involved in other processes, such as the synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or is involved in the regulation of gene expression.\n\n## Step 3: The transcription of DNA into RNA occurs in the nucleus, while translation of RNA into proteins occurs in the cytoplasm.\nThis is a fundamental aspect of gene expression in eukaryotic cells, where the nucleus is responsible for transcription and the cytoplasm is responsible for translation.\n\n## Step 4: All human cells, including liver cells, contain genes for storing glycogen.\nThis is because the genes involved in glycogen metabolism are not unique to liver cells, but are present in all human cells.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 342b3de49483e53288d35736aa565cd5844457ffad2a26fa5a764cc5c0347466 | [
"cdc379faeee6a8e1de72d04fd6c3170628fdbabfc8578d82cb52291677a65538"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about the characteristics of DNA in liver cells, specifically regarding its function and comparison to other types of cells.
## Step 2: Evaluating option A
Option A states that liver cells contain the same DNA as white blood cells. This is generally true since all cells in the body have the same genetic material (DNA) with the same genes, just different levels of gene expression.
## Step 3: Evaluating option B
Option B suggests that most of the DNA in liver cells will be transcribed but not translated. This is incorrect because transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy from a DNA sequence, and translation is the process of building a protein from an RNA sequence. Both processes occur in the cytoplasm, and most of the DNA in any cell will be translated into proteins that perform various functions.
## Step 4: Evaluating option C
Option C states that most of the DNA in liver cells will be transcribed in the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm. This is correct because transcription occurs in the nucleus where the DNA is located, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the ribosomes are located.
## Step 5: Evaluating option D
Option D suggests that DNA in liver cells contains genes unique to storing glycogen, while other cells do not contain those genes. This is incorrect because all cells contain the same genetic material with the same genes, and the difference lies in the level of gene expression and the specific functions the cells perform.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Energy is harvested during cellular respiration in stages. Which of the following correctly states which phase of cellular respiration harvests the most energy and the correct explanation why? | {
"A": "The most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because it is here that pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2.",
"B": "The most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because in addition to the production of ATP, both FADH2 and NADH are produced. Each of those molecules will release 2 ATPs and 3 ATPs, respectively.",
"C": "The most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because in addition to the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP, all the potential energy held in NADH and FADH is transferred to ATP.",
"D": "The most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because H2O is completely broken down into H+ and O2."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Energy is harvested during cellular respiration in stages. Which of the following correctly states which phase of cellular respiration harvests the most energy and the correct explanation why?\nA. The most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because it is here that pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2.\nB. The most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because in addition to the production of ATP, both FADH2 and NADH are produced. Each of those molecules will release 2 ATPs and 3 ATPs, respectively.\nC. The most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because in addition to the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP, all the potential energy held in NADH and FADH is transferred to ATP.\nD. The most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because H2O is completely broken down into H+ and O2.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks which phase of cellular respiration harvests the most energy and why.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the phases of cellular respiration\nThe three main phases of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation (which includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis).\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing the options\nOption A suggests that the most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2. However, this is not accurate because the Krebs cycle does not break down pyruvate into CO2; it breaks down acetyl-CoA, which is produced from pyruvate in the mitochondria.\n\n## Step 4: Continuing analysis\nOption B suggests that the most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because of the production of FADH2 and NADH. However, while it is true that the Krebs cycle produces FADH2 and NADH, these molecules do not directly produce ATP. Instead, they pass their electrons to the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation, where ATP is produced.\n\n## Step 5: Further analysis\nOption C suggests that the most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because of the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP and the transfer of potential energy from NADH and FADH2 to ATP. This is accurate because oxidative phosphorylation is the phase where the majority of ATP is produced through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.\n\n## Step 6: Final analysis\nOption D is incorrect because H2O is not broken down into H+ and O2 in oxidative phosphorylation; rather, H+ ions are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP.\n\n## Step 7: Conclusion\nBased on the analysis, the correct answer is the option that states oxidative phosphorylation is the phase where the most energy is released and explains why.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 3b327b10bdcdd072efcadf03368fb8e976cefddf81b692b639447fcbdab82b49 | [
"b9440eef8adf05e7eb2df82b96ac0862cf9200634f0fdbd2f9226ef04e53cc76"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks which phase of cellular respiration harvests the most energy and provides explanations for each option.
## Step 2: Evaluating option A
Option A states that the most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because pyruvate is completely broken down into CO2. However, this is not the correct explanation. The Krebs cycle does break down pyruvate, but it is not the primary reason for the energy release in this phase.
## Step 3: Evaluating option B
Option B states that the most energy is released during the Krebs cycle because of the production of ATP, FADH2, and NADH. This is partially correct, as FADH2 and NADH do produce ATP in subsequent stages. However, it is not the correct explanation for why the Krebs cycle itself releases the most energy.
## Step 4: Evaluating option C
Option C states that the most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because of the transfer of potential energy from NADH and FADH2 to ATP. This is the correct explanation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, where the energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to produce ATP.
## Step 5: Evaluating option D
Option D states that the most energy is released during oxidative phosphorylation because H2O is completely broken down into H+ and O2. This is not a correct explanation for why oxidative phosphorylation releases the most energy.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following best explains why drinking breast milk is beneficial to a human infant? | {
"A": "Breast milk contains vitamins that repair mutations originating in the sperm or egg.",
"B": "Breast milk contains maternal antibodies that protect against gastrointestinal pathogens.",
"C": "Breast milk contains maternal vaccines that destroy common childhood pathogens.",
"D": "Breast milk contains red blood cells with adult hemoglobin that are beneficial to the infant's developing brain."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following best explains why drinking breast milk is beneficial to a human infant?\nA. Breast milk contains vitamins that repair mutations originating in the sperm or egg.\nB. Breast milk contains maternal antibodies that protect against gastrointestinal pathogens.\nC. Breast milk contains maternal vaccines that destroy common childhood pathogens.\nD. Breast milk contains red blood cells with adult hemoglobin that are beneficial to the infant's developing brain.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the benefits of breast milk\nBreast milk is known for providing numerous benefits to human infants, including nutritional support, protection against infections, and the promotion of healthy development.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluating the options\nOption A suggests that breast milk contains vitamins that repair mutations in the sperm or egg. This is not accurate as the primary function of vitamins in breast milk is to support the infant's growth and development, not to repair genetic mutations.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the options\nOption C suggests that breast milk contains maternal vaccines that destroy common childhood pathogens. This is not accurate as vaccines are external agents that stimulate the body's immune system, and breast milk does not contain vaccines.\n\n## Step 4: Evaluating the options\nOption D suggests that breast milk contains red blood cells with adult hemoglobin that are beneficial to the infant's developing brain. This is not accurate as breast milk does not contain red blood cells, and the primary source of hemoglobin for infants is their own red blood cells.\n\n## Step 5: Evaluating the options\nOption B suggests that breast milk contains maternal antibodies that protect against gastrointestinal pathogens. This is accurate as breast milk contains antibodies that provide protection against infections, including gastrointestinal pathogens.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 3b8054f995841003279a652f7c2b63236878a340816d8715fafb2f86c9222bad | [
"ed59df5d5b5e4f14cacfe8c0bc396724c88f4aa718519a58eeddd3e4dbf70577"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks for the best explanation of why drinking breast milk is beneficial to a human infant.
## Step 2: Evaluating the Options
Option A suggests that breast milk contains vitamins that repair mutations in the sperm or egg. However, this is not a well-established scientific fact and does not directly relate to the benefits of breast milk for infants.
## Step 3: Evaluating the Options
Option B states that breast milk contains maternal antibodies that protect against gastrointestinal pathogens. This is a well-known benefit of breast milk, as maternal antibodies provide immunity to infants who are still developing their own immune systems.
## Step 4: Evaluating the Options
Option C suggests that breast milk contains maternal vaccines that destroy common childhood pathogens. While vaccines are beneficial, the concept of "maternal vaccines" in breast milk is not a standard scientific explanation for the benefits of breast milk.
## Step 5: Evaluating the Options
Option D proposes that breast milk contains red blood cells with adult hemoglobin beneficial to the infant's developing brain. This is not a recognized scientific benefit of breast milk.
## Step 6: Conclusion
Based on the evaluation of each option, the best explanation for the benefits of breast milk to infants is the presence of maternal antibodies that protect against pathogens.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy needed to drive ATP synthesis comes from one source. Which of the following statements states the immediate source of that energy? | {
"A": "Electrons flow down an electron transport chain as they are attracted to oxygen.",
"B": "The transfer of a phosphate group to ADP is exergonic.",
"C": "The bonding of electrons to oxygen at the end of the chain releases energy.",
"D": "The proton gradient across the membrane where the ATP synthase is embedded represents potential energy."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy needed to drive ATP synthesis comes from one source. Which of the following statements states the immediate source of that energy?\nA. Electrons flow down an electron transport chain as they are attracted to oxygen.\nB. The transfer of a phosphate group to ADP is exergonic.\nC. The bonding of electrons to oxygen at the end of the chain releases energy.\nD. The proton gradient across the membrane where the ATP synthase is embedded represents potential energy.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.\nThe immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is the proton gradient across the membrane where the ATP synthase is embedded.\n\n## Step 2: Understand how the proton gradient is generated.\nThe proton gradient is generated by the electron transport chain, where electrons flow down the chain as they are attracted to oxygen, leading to the pumping of protons across the membrane.\n\n## Step 3: Relate the proton gradient to ATP synthesis.\nThe energy from the proton gradient is used by the ATP synthase to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.\n\n## Step 4: Evaluate the answer choices based on the understanding of the process.\n- A: This choice describes the electron transport chain but does not directly address the immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis.\n- B: This choice is incorrect because the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP is not the source of energy for ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation.\n- C: This choice is incorrect because the bonding of electrons to oxygen is not the direct source of energy for ATP synthesis.\n- D: This choice correctly identifies the proton gradient as the immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 55acacfab545a2a0975e760effbf0c04117bb085742aa06822cfc1bd5be6b716 | [
"e6aeb65f7e78a9b879e6a66a7643512abd5af98026f812e2c29986fccbd94511"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks about the immediate source of energy that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.
## Step 2: Identifying the Energy Source
Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons through an electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. This gradient represents potential energy.
## Step 3: Eliminating Incorrect Options
- Option A is incorrect because the flow of electrons down the electron transport chain is a result of the energy source, not the source itself.
- Option B is incorrect because the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP is a step in ATP synthesis, not the source of energy.
- Option C is incorrect because the bonding of electrons to oxygen at the end of the chain is a result of the energy conversion, not the immediate source of energy.
## Step 4: Identifying the Correct Answer
Given the elimination of incorrect options, the correct answer focuses on the proton gradient as the immediate source of energy for ATP synthesis.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Easily produced genetic variation is key to the rapid evolution of viral and microbial populations. Furthermore, pathogens that need to escape the immune system rely on this variation to generate new surface antigens that go unrecognized by the host’s immune system. Which of the following is an example of this antigenic variation? | {
"A": "HIV, which can remain integrated into the host genome for many years",
"B": "The flu virus, which changes its envelope proteins",
"C": "MRSA, which has become resistant to many antibiotics",
"D": "Multiple sclerosis, which attacks the cells of the nervous system"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Easily produced genetic variation is key to the rapid evolution of viral and microbial populations. Furthermore, pathogens that need to escape the immune system rely on this variation to generate new surface antigens that go unrecognized by the host’s immune system. Which of the following is an example of this antigenic variation?\nA. HIV, which can remain integrated into the host genome for many years\nB. The flu virus, which changes its envelope proteins\nC. MRSA, which has become resistant to many antibiotics\nD. Multiple sclerosis, which attacks the cells of the nervous system\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key concept of the question, which is antigenic variation in pathogens.\nAntigenic variation is a mechanism by which pathogens can evade the host's immune system by changing their surface antigens.\n\n## Step 2: Analyze each option to determine which one best illustrates antigenic variation.\n- Option A (HIV) refers to the virus's ability to integrate into the host genome, which is not directly related to antigenic variation.\n- Option B (The flu virus) changes its envelope proteins, which is a classic example of antigenic variation to evade the immune system.\n- Option C (MRSA) refers to antibiotic resistance, not antigenic variation.\n- Option D (Multiple sclerosis) is an autoimmune disease, not a pathogen that undergoes antigenic variation.\n\n## Step 3: Select the option that best fits the definition of antigenic variation.\nBased on the analysis, the flu virus changing its envelope proteins is the best example of antigenic variation.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 14822faedb75bcdda1d7f3f0d939af47f01e75c9d92f2f0999474dbc93eaf249 | [
"d370034aeb955c201d775f5da2c96f63142c3f5da62b189958a183bc1747cb11"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
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"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of antigenic variation
Antigenic variation is a process by which pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, change their surface antigens to evade the host's immune system. This is crucial for their survival and spread within a host population.
## Step 2: Identify the characteristics of antigenic variation
Antigenic variation typically involves changes in genes that code for surface proteins or other antigens recognized by the host's immune system. This can include changes in the gene sequence, gene rearrangement, or the use of multiple genes to create a diverse set of antigens.
## Step 3: Evaluate the options provided
- A. HIV, which can remain integrated into the host genome for many years: This option does not directly relate to antigenic variation, as it describes a feature of HIV's life cycle rather than a mechanism for evading the immune system.
- B. The flu virus, which changes its envelope proteins: This is a classic example of antigenic variation. The flu virus has a high mutation rate, which allows it to change its envelope proteins, making the antibodies produced by the host ineffective.
- C. MRSA, which has become resistant to many antibiotics: While MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a concern due to its antibiotic resistance, this is not an example of antigenic variation but rather of antibiotic resistance.
- D. Multiple sclerosis, which attacks the cells of the nervous system: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, not a type of microbial or viral infection that exhibits antigenic variation.
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer based on the understanding of antigenic variation
Given the description and evaluation, the correct answer is the one that directly relates to a pathogen changing its surface antigens to evade the host's immune system.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | If a couple has had three sons and the woman is pregnant with their fourth child, what is the probability that child 4 will also be male? | {
"A": "1/2",
"B": "1/4",
"C": "1/8",
"D": "1/16"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: If a couple has had three sons and the woman is pregnant with their fourth child, what is the probability that child 4 will also be male?\nA. 1/2\nB. 1/4\nC. 1/8\nD. 1/16\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks for the probability that the fourth child will be male, given that the couple has already had three sons.\n\n## Step 2: Recognizing the independence of events\nThe birth of each child is an independent event, meaning the probability of the fourth child being male does not depend on the gender of the previous children.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the probability of a male birth\nThe probability of a child being male is 1/2, as each child has an equal chance of being male or female.\n\n## Step 4: Applying the probability to the scenario\nSince the birth of each child is an independent event, the probability of the fourth child being male remains 1/2, regardless of the gender of the previous children.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 8e6cdcfd8278a8c3e6b28e6359db4718b6626888360d877ecccfac6c4402c888 | [
"d3dbdbdae769cb061ed3475af4bef08d602179aaea0853cf59db5bf83d70fdf0"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Problem
The problem asks for the probability that the fourth child of a couple with three sons will also be male.
## Step 2: Identifying the Probability Pattern
Since the gender of each child is independent of the others, the probability of the fourth child being male is the same as it would be for any individual birth.
## Step 3: Applying Probability Rules
In a population, the probability of a child being male is approximately 1/2, as there are two possible genders (male and female) and each gender is equally likely.
## Step 4: Considering the Information Given
The fact that the couple has already had three sons does not affect the probability of the fourth child being male, as each birth is an independent event.
## Step 5: Drawing a Conclusion
Based on the principles of probability and the independence of each birth event, the probability of the fourth child being male is 1/2.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following is an incorrect statement about gel electrophoresis? | {
"A": "DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge.",
"B": "Smaller DNA travels faster.",
"C": "The DNA migrates only when the current is running.",
"D": "The longer the current is running, the farther the DNA will travel."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following is an incorrect statement about gel electrophoresis?\nA. DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge.\nB. Smaller DNA travels faster.\nC. The DNA migrates only when the current is running.\nD. The longer the current is running, the farther the DNA will travel.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the principles of gel electrophoresis\nGel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and charge. In the context of DNA, it separates DNA fragments based on their size, with smaller fragments moving faster through the gel matrix.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options given\n- Option A: DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge. This is incorrect because DNA migrates from a positive electrode (anode) to a negative electrode (cathode) in an electric field, not from positive to negative charge.\n- Option B: Smaller DNA travels faster. This is correct because smaller DNA fragments have less mass and therefore move more quickly through the gel matrix.\n- Option C: The DNA migrates only when the current is running. This is correct because the movement of DNA through the gel matrix is dependent on the electric current.\n- Option D: The longer the current is running, the farther the DNA will travel. This is correct because the longer the electric current is applied, the more time the DNA has to migrate through the gel matrix.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect statement\nBased on the analysis, the incorrect statement about gel electrophoresis is that DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
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} | true | e8a1ebfe0f5c9d8b0e0a2c718525c38edca431ddf68e984f07cd9d4396f871b6 | [
"703418604a8c693302c75b7d7d8ddaa7c5af10b9e92d8779e2d362a071f9b2f4"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the principles of gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA molecules based on their size. The process involves applying an electric field to a gel matrix, which contains DNA molecules. The electric field causes the DNA molecules to migrate through the gel matrix due to their charge.
## Step 2: Analyzing the given statements
- Statement A: DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge. This is incorrect because DNA migrates from negative charge to positive charge due to the negative charge of the phosphate groups in the DNA backbone.
- Statement B: Smaller DNA travels faster. This is correct because smaller DNA molecules have less mass and therefore experience less friction, allowing them to travel faster through the gel matrix.
- Statement C: The DNA migrates only when the current is running. This is correct because the electric field generated by the current is what causes the DNA molecules to migrate through the gel matrix.
- Statement D: The longer the current is running, the farther the DNA will travel. This is correct because the longer the current is running, the more time the DNA molecules have to migrate through the gel matrix, resulting in them traveling farther.
## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect statement
Based on the analysis, the incorrect statement is A: DNA migrates from positive charge to negative charge.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification? | {
"A": "Species diversity declines farther from the equator.",
"B": "Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.",
"C": "Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.",
"D": "South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of South America than to the temperate plants of Europe."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification?\nA. Species diversity declines farther from the equator.\nB. Fewer species live on islands than on the nearest continents.\nC. Birds can be found on islands located farther from the mainland than the birds' maximum nonstop flight distance.\nD. South American temperate plants are more similar to the tropical plants of South America than to the temperate plants of Europe.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of descent with modification\nDescent with modification refers to the idea that all species share a common ancestor and have evolved over time through the process of natural selection, where small variations in traits are passed down to offspring, leading to changes in the population over generations.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the given options\nOption A discusses the distribution of species diversity, which is related to the concept of the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity, but it doesn't directly relate to the idea of descent with modification.\n\nOption B mentions the comparison of species numbers between islands and continents, which is relevant to the concept of island biogeography, but it doesn't directly support the idea of descent with modification.\n\nOption C talks about the presence of birds on islands that are farther from the mainland than their nonstop flight distance, which is related to the concept of island colonization and dispersal, but it doesn't directly support the idea of descent with modification.\n\nOption D discusses the similarity between South American temperate plants and tropical plants, which suggests a common ancestry and evolutionary history, directly supporting the concept of descent with modification.\n\n## Step 3: Selecting the best answer\nBased on the analysis, the observation that helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification is the similarity between South American temperate plants and tropical plants.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | ce5705d37d547099f00010197ea47016caf09b3b6c61a9b866da533757593bcc | [
"9b119500a27b474be0c87aa83d3e52c094e58e275cc49d5421adcaa9b4482609"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of descent with modification
Descent with modification is a fundamental concept in evolution, which suggests that all living organisms share a common ancestor and have evolved over time through the process of variation, mutation, and natural selection.
## Step 2: Analyze each option in relation to Darwin's concept
- Option A discusses species diversity and its relation to geographical location, which is more relevant to the concept of biogeography rather than directly supporting the concept of descent with modification.
- Option B highlights the fewer species on islands compared to continents, which is a phenomenon that can be explained by the concept of allopatric speciation, a process that supports the idea of descent with modification.
- Option C, about the presence of birds on distant islands, supports the concept of island hopping and the dispersal of species, which is a form of allopatric speciation and supports the concept of descent with modification.
- Option D, comparing plant species from different regions, does not directly support the concept of descent with modification as it focuses more on the similarity and dissimilarity of species rather than their evolutionary history.
## Step 3: Choose the option that best supports the concept of descent with modification
Among the given options, C and B both support the concept of descent with modification through the process of allopatric speciation and dispersal. However, C is more directly related to the concept as it specifically mentions the dispersal of species beyond their known flight distances, which is a direct observation supporting the idea of species migrating and evolving independently.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements about post-transcriptional modification are incorrect? | {
"A": "A poly-A tail is added to the 3′ end of the mRNA.",
"B": "A guanine cap is added to the 5′ end of the mRNA.",
"C": "Introns are removed from the mRNA.",
"D": "Posttranscriptional modification occurs in the cytoplasm."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements about post-transcriptional modification are incorrect?\nA. A poly-A tail is added to the 3′ end of the mRNA.\nB. A guanine cap is added to the 5′ end of the mRNA.\nC. Introns are removed from the mRNA.\nD. Posttranscriptional modification occurs in the cytoplasm.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the process of post-transcriptional modification\nPost-transcriptional modification refers to the changes that occur to the RNA transcript after it has been synthesized from the DNA template but before it is translated into protein. This process includes the addition of a poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA, the addition of a guanine cap to the 5' end of the mRNA, and the removal of introns.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluating the options given\nOption A states that a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end of the mRNA, which is a correct statement about post-transcriptional modification. Option B states that a guanine cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA, which is also correct. Option C states that introns are removed from the mRNA, which is correct as well. Option D states that post-transcriptional modification occurs in the cytoplasm, which is incorrect because most of these modifications occur in the nucleus.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the incorrect statement\nBased on the evaluation of the options, the incorrect statement is that post-transcriptional modification occurs in the cytoplasm.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 7c4bfd16e445ea86673cb4afead0f582a9ab9868b739f0d96375e2ef0384b8a6 | [
"898a67a424be371a9892d9154f199421c7f428aa7c52fa27f54e41d3078aa10e"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the question
The question asks for the incorrect statement about post-transcriptional modification.
## Step 2: Evaluate option A
A poly-A tail is indeed added to the 3′ end of the mRNA, so this statement is correct.
## Step 3: Evaluate option B
A guanine cap is indeed added to the 5′ end of the mRNA, so this statement is correct.
## Step 4: Evaluate option C
Introns are indeed removed from the mRNA during post-transcriptional modification, specifically during splicing, so this statement is correct.
## Step 5: Evaluate option D
Post-transcriptional modification occurs in the cytoplasm, which is incorrect because these modifications occur in the nucleus before the mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm.
The best answer is 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ght_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Photosynthesis requires | {
"A": "glucose, light, CO2",
"B": "light, CO2, water",
"C": "water, soil, O2",
"D": "O2, water, light"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Photosynthesis requires\nA. glucose, light, CO2\nB. light, CO2, water\nC. water, soil, O2\nD. O2, water, light\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the essential components of photosynthesis\nPhotosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose, a type of sugar.\n\n## Step 2: Determine the necessary inputs for photosynthesis\nThe inputs required for photosynthesis include light (usually from the sun), carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, and water (H2O) absorbed by the roots of plants.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options\nOption A includes glucose, which is a product of photosynthesis, not an input. Option C mentions soil, which is not directly involved in the chemical process of photosynthesis. Option D includes oxygen (O2), which is a byproduct of photosynthesis, not an input.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer based on the necessary inputs for photosynthesis\nGiven the necessary inputs for photosynthesis are light, CO2, and water, the correct answer can be identified.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | c75008a8f57d3ebf4c4353377fffd6dce30d64dc060767d7d81bf4dd4f2217da | [
"157bccfbb568c99099cf3c3fd52b65447109cb2b8ef561f150bac77857a9cb3b"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Identify the essential components of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. The essential components include sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
## Step 2: Consider the role of each component
- Sunlight is necessary for the energy required to drive the process.
- Carbon dioxide is used as the source of carbon for the organic compounds produced.
- Water is used as the source of hydrogen for the organic compounds produced.
## Step 3: Evaluate the options given
Looking at the options:
- A. glucose, light, CO2: Glucose is a product of photosynthesis, not a requirement.
- B. light, CO2, water: This includes sunlight, CO2, and water, which are the necessary components for photosynthesis.
- C. water, soil, O2: Soil is not directly involved in the photosynthesis process, and O2 is a byproduct, not a requirement.
- D. O2, water, light: O2 is a byproduct, not a requirement.
## Step 4: Choose the correct answer based on the evaluation
The correct answer is the one that includes sunlight (light), CO2, and water as the necessary components for photosynthesis.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The first simple cells evolved approximately 3.5 billion years ago, followed by the more complex eukaryotic cells 2.1 billion years ago. Which of the following statements is correct? | {
"A": "Eukaryotic organelles helped create separate environments for metabolic reactions, thus increasing their metabolic efficiency.",
"B": "Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have no structural similarities.",
"C": "The organelles in larger eukaryotic cells took care of the problems of having a larger surface area–to–volume ratio.",
"D": "Eukaryotic cells are able to multiply faster based on their more complex structure."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The first simple cells evolved approximately 3.5 billion years ago, followed by the more complex eukaryotic cells 2.1 billion years ago. Which of the following statements is correct?\nA. Eukaryotic organelles helped create separate environments for metabolic reactions, thus increasing their metabolic efficiency.\nB. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have no structural similarities.\nC. The organelles in larger eukaryotic cells took care of the problems of having a larger surface area–to–volume ratio.\nD. Eukaryotic cells are able to multiply faster based on their more complex structure.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the evolution of cells\nThe first simple cells, known as prokaryotic cells, evolved approximately 3.5 billion years ago. These cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Later, around 2.1 billion years ago, more complex eukaryotic cells emerged. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the role of eukaryotic organelles\nEukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are specialized structures that perform specific functions. These organelles helped create separate environments for metabolic reactions, increasing their metabolic efficiency. For example, mitochondria are responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration, while chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the statements\nOption A states that eukaryotic organelles helped create separate environments for metabolic reactions, thus increasing their metabolic efficiency. This statement is correct based on the analysis in Step 2.\n\nOption B is incorrect because prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells do have structural similarities, such as a cell membrane and genetic material.\n\nOption C is incorrect because the organelles in larger eukaryotic cells did not solve the problem of having a larger surface area-to-volume ratio. In fact, the surface area-to-volume ratio is a problem for larger cells, as it can lead to reduced metabolic efficiency.\n\nOption D is incorrect because eukaryotic cells are not necessarily able to multiply faster based on their more complex structure. While eukaryotic cells have some advantages over prokaryotic cells, such as increased metabolic efficiency, their ability to multiply is not directly related to their complexity.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 293d6d6c743f029eaec29a7f2ef0b7962fc87bc487c1ca0cb9ea37f66c8cf283 | [
"044868f697a0cfeea72cd4d6ce8221d3538df51622d52c7a9a9fc1ae23512dea"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the evolution of cells
The question asks about the evolution of cells, specifically the difference between simple cells (prokaryotic cells) and more complex eukaryotic cells. We need to consider how these cells evolved and the characteristics of each type.
## Step 2: Considering the characteristics of eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by their complex structure, which includes organelles. Organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions, such as mitosis, respiration, and protein synthesis. These organelles are enclosed by membranes, which separate them from the rest of the cell.
## Step 3: Evaluating the statements
Let's evaluate each statement in the context of what we know about eukaryotic cells.
- A. This statement suggests that the presence of organelles in eukaryotic cells created separate environments for metabolic reactions, increasing their efficiency. This is a plausible explanation for the increased complexity and efficiency of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells.
- B. This statement is incorrect. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells do have structural similarities, including the presence of a cell membrane and the use of DNA for genetic information.
- C. This statement is incorrect. The organelles in eukaryotic cells do not solve the problem of having a larger surface area-to-volume ratio. In fact, the larger size of eukaryotic cells can create this problem, which is one reason why they are less efficient than prokaryotic cells in certain environments.
- D. This statement is incorrect. Eukaryotic cells are not necessarily able to multiply faster based on their more complex structure. In fact, the complexity of eukaryotic cells can make them less efficient in certain environments, such as in rapidly changing environments.
## Step 4: Choosing the correct statement
Based on our evaluation, the correct statement is A. Eukaryotic organelles helped create separate environments for metabolic reactions, thus increasing their metabolic efficiency.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|> | 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that | {
"A": "humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees",
"B": "humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs",
"C": "humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs",
"D": "humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules of humans is more similar to the hemoglobin of chimpanzees than it is to the hemoglobin of dogs. This similarity suggests that\nA. humans and dogs are more closely related than humans and chimpanzees\nB. humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs\nC. humans are related to chimpanzees but not to dogs\nD. humans and chimpanzees are closely analogous\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of molecular similarity and evolutionary relationships\nThe similarity in the sequence of amino acids in hemoglobin molecules between humans and chimpanzees suggests a closer evolutionary relationship between the two species.\n\n## Step 2: Relating molecular similarity to evolutionary relationships\nSpecies that are more closely related evolutionarily tend to have more similar DNA and protein sequences due to their shared ancestry.\n\n## Step 3: Applying the concept to the given options\nGiven that humans and chimpanzees have a more similar hemoglobin sequence than humans and dogs, it indicates that humans and chimpanzees share a more recent common ancestor than humans and dogs do.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer based on the analysis\nThis conclusion aligns with the understanding that molecular similarity is a reflection of evolutionary closeness.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 19183ca8795372edb5838f277ee0b73901c1d13d98fc66b25a7155a3ba4de78f | [
"a10924ed4faa51c1d5a5c865fa435aff50791971c340b58ad4fb44552c760d7d"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of similarity in amino acid sequences and its relation to evolutionary relationships.
The similarity in amino acid sequences between hemoglobin molecules of humans and chimpanzees suggests a closer evolutionary relationship between the two species compared to humans and dogs.
## Step 2: Recognize that similar amino acid sequences indicate a more recent common ancestor.
Species with similar amino acid sequences in their hemoglobin molecules are more likely to have shared a recent common ancestor, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship.
## Step 3: Apply this understanding to the given options.
Option B states that humans and chimpanzees are more closely related than humans and dogs, which aligns with the understanding that similar amino acid sequences indicate a closer evolutionary relationship.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Basepair sequence that signals the start site for gene transcription. | {
"A": "Enhancer",
"B": "Repressor",
"C": "Operator",
"D": "Promoter"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Basepair sequence that signals the start site for gene transcription.\nA. Enhancer\nB. Repressor\nC. Operator\nD. Promoter\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the key elements of the question\nThe question asks for the basepair sequence that signals the start site for gene transcription.\n\n## Step 2: Understand the role of each option in gene transcription\n- Enhancer: A DNA sequence that can amplify the transcription of a gene by interacting with the promoter and RNA polymerase.\n- Repressor: A protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence and prevents the transcription of a gene.\n- Operator: A DNA sequence that a repressor protein binds to, preventing the transcription of a gene.\n- Promoter: A DNA sequence that serves as the binding site for RNA polymerase and other proteins necessary for transcription initiation.\n\n## Step 3: Determine which option is directly related to signaling the start site for gene transcription\nBased on the roles described, the promoter is directly involved in signaling the start site for gene transcription by serving as the binding site for RNA polymerase.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 90710ee39e00ccc370d577318633cee0d72315806fe3a7b605f63823b7067697 | [
"995e110095dca0016c3f80ea428e5708ad8b137f16f1c8a47a559a3ad24f7e02"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks for the basepair sequence that signals the start site for gene transcription.
## Step 2: Identifying the correct term
Among the given options, the term that directly corresponds to the start site for gene transcription is the "Promoter". A promoter is a DNA sequence that is located upstream of the genes it regulates. It is the binding site for RNA polymerase and other factors involved in the initiation of transcription.
## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options
- Enhancer (A) is a regulatory DNA sequence that can amplify the effect of a gene's transcription by binding to a transcription factor and increasing its activity.
- Repressor (B) is not a standard term in genetics; it seems to be a mix of "repressor" and "operator", but neither directly corresponds to the start site for gene transcription.
- Operator (C) is a sequence of DNA to which a repressor protein binds to prevent RNA polymerase from initiating transcription.
## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer
Based on the understanding of the terms, the correct answer is the one that directly signals the start site for gene transcription.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Those being hunted adopt a coloring scheme that allows them to blend in to the colors of the environment. | {
"A": "Aposomatic coloration",
"B": "Batesian mimicry",
"C": "Deceptive markings",
"D": "Cryptic coloration"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Those being hunted adopt a coloring scheme that allows them to blend in to the colors of the environment.\nA. Aposomatic coloration\nB. Batesian mimicry\nC. Deceptive markings\nD. Cryptic coloration\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Identify the type of camouflage described in the question.\nThe question describes a type of camouflage where the hunted animals blend in with their environment to avoid being seen.\n\n## Step 2: Match the description with the correct term.\nCryptic coloration is a type of camouflage where an animal blends in with its surroundings, making it difficult to be seen.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 8aa845cb0c7bfc02b5806d203df8b28ec90c06cc456c67017219c6308a15d0c9 | [
"318a4e475cf8604c5078b48eb84180e884a6cccd69962de26862e3dc035d34fd"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understand the concept of coloration in the context of hunting and being hunted.
The question describes a scenario where those being hunted adopt a coloring scheme that allows them to blend in with their environment, suggesting a form of camouflage.
## Step 2: Identify the correct term for this phenomenon.
- Aposomatic coloration (A) refers to warning signals that deter predators, which is the opposite of what the question describes.
- Batesian mimicry (B) is a form of mimicry where a harmless species mimics the warning signals of a harmful one to gain protection, which doesn't directly relate to blending into the environment.
- Deceptive markings (C) can refer to various forms of camouflage or mimicry but is not the specific term for blending into the environment.
- Cryptic coloration (D) is the term that directly refers to the camouflage or blending of an organism into its environment to avoid predation.
## Step 3: Choose the correct answer based on the description provided.
Given the description of blending into the environment to avoid predation, the correct term is cryptic coloration.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A baby duck runs for cover when a large object is tossed over its head. After this object is repeatedly passed overhead, the duck learns there is no danger and stops running for cover when the same object appears again. This is an example of | {
"A": "imprinting.",
"B": "fixed-action pattern.",
"C": "agonistic behavior.",
"D": "habituation."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A baby duck runs for cover when a large object is tossed over its head. After this object is repeatedly passed overhead, the duck learns there is no danger and stops running for cover when the same object appears again. This is an example of\nA. imprinting.\nB. fixed-action pattern.\nC. agonistic behavior.\nD. habituation.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the scenario\nThe baby duck initially runs for cover when a large object is tossed over its head, indicating a response to a perceived threat.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the duck's behavior change\nAfter the object is repeatedly passed overhead, the duck learns there is no danger and stops running for cover when the same object appears again, indicating a decrease in response to a stimulus that was once perceived as threatening.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the process\nThis decrease in response to a stimulus that was once perceived as threatening is a result of the duck's nervous system adapting to the repeated presentation of the stimulus, which is a key characteristic of habituation.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 43dd8741080ad85f53c093a44ac3011d7757f975163ffddefce435c64ee5bdae | [
"452d18a5e14db8a1eddb668abc9153cac2dcd18ba3cd5325261e8d9fb976a496"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
"max_prompt_len": "3840",
"num_few_shot": "0",
"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
"top_k": "0",
"top_p": "0"
} | ## Step 1: Understanding the scenario
The scenario describes a baby duck that initially runs for cover when a large object is tossed over its head, but then stops doing so after the object is repeatedly passed overhead without any negative consequence.
## Step 2: Identifying the behavior
The duck's behavior changes from running for cover to not running for cover after repeated exposure to the object, indicating a learning or adaptation process.
## Step 3: Defining the terms
- Imprinting refers to the process by which a young animal learns to follow a moving object, often a parent or caregiver, and is typically seen in the context of attachment behaviors.
- A fixed-action pattern is a specific behavior that is innate and unlearned, often associated with survival behaviors such as fighting or escaping.
- Agonistic behavior refers to behaviors associated with aggression or defensive postures.
- Habituation is a process where an organism decreases or stops responding to a stimulus that is no longer perceived as threatening or significant.
## Step 4: Applying the definitions to the scenario
The duck's behavior of running for cover and then ceasing to do so after repeated exposure to the object without any negative consequence fits the description of habituation. Habituation is a learning process where an organism learns to ignore a stimulus that is no longer perceived as threatening or significant, which is exactly what is happening with the duck.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Stretching out from the equator is a wide belt of tropical rain forests that are being cut down to provide exotic woods for export to the U.S. and to make land available to graze beef cattle. Which of the following statements is a negative consequence of clear-cutting the tropical rain forests? | {
"A": "Indigenous populations will have access to modern conveniences.",
"B": "There will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas.",
"C": "U.S. markets will have access to less expensive beef.",
"D": "Deforestation will allow more sunlight to penetrate areas that were kept dark by dense vegetation."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Stretching out from the equator is a wide belt of tropical rain forests that are being cut down to provide exotic woods for export to the U.S. and to make land available to graze beef cattle. Which of the following statements is a negative consequence of clear-cutting the tropical rain forests?\nA. Indigenous populations will have access to modern conveniences.\nB. There will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas.\nC. U.S. markets will have access to less expensive beef.\nD. Deforestation will allow more sunlight to penetrate areas that were kept dark by dense vegetation.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the impact of clear-cutting tropical rain forests\nClear-cutting tropical rain forests can have several negative consequences, including loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and disruption of local ecosystems.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluating the options\nOption A suggests that indigenous populations will have access to modern conveniences, which is not necessarily a negative consequence of clear-cutting. Option C suggests that U.S. markets will have access to less expensive beef, which is also not a negative consequence. Option D suggests that deforestation will allow more sunlight to penetrate areas that were kept dark by dense vegetation, which is a possible consequence but not necessarily negative.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the most negative consequence\nOption B suggests that there will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas, which is a negative consequence of clear-cutting tropical rain forests. Tropical rain forests play a crucial role in regulating the water cycle, and clear-cutting can disrupt this process, leading to reduced precipitation in the affected areas.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | d4a64cb6ce6b892945e7cf0c9e28b49f29b268f4a3fcc82bbaf792334c2b4f28 | [
"f1928ddf225caecad7060356f6694b4b546c1be4215c64f3f0184d3f71a9fa8d"
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} | ## Step 1: Identify the negative consequence of clear-cutting the tropical rain forests.
The negative consequences of clear-cutting tropical rain forests include loss of biodiversity, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and negative impacts on local indigenous populations. However, the question asks for a negative consequence specifically related to the options provided.
## Step 2: Evaluate the options provided.
Option A suggests that indigenous populations will have access to modern conveniences, which is not necessarily a negative consequence of deforestation. Option B states that there will be less precipitation in those clear-cut areas, which is a potential negative environmental consequence. Option C implies that U.S. markets will have access to less expensive beef, which could be seen as a positive economic consequence for the U.S. market but not necessarily a negative consequence of deforestation. Option D suggests that deforestation will allow more sunlight to penetrate areas that were kept dark by dense vegetation, which is a positive consequence of deforestation rather than a negative one.
## Step 3: Select the negative consequence from the options provided.
Based on the evaluation, the most negative consequence of clear-cutting the tropical rain forests from the options provided is related to environmental changes, specifically the potential for reduced precipitation in the cleared areas.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | The theory of evolution is most accurately described as | {
"A": "an educated guess about how species originate.",
"B": "one possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence.",
"C": "an opinion that some scientists hold about how living things change over time.",
"D": "an overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: The theory of evolution is most accurately described as\nA. an educated guess about how species originate.\nB. one possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence.\nC. an opinion that some scientists hold about how living things change over time.\nD. an overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the theory of evolution\nThe theory of evolution is a scientific explanation for how species change over time through the process of natural selection and genetic drift.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluating the options\nOption A describes the theory as an \"educated guess,\" which is not accurate as it is a well-supported scientific theory. Option C describes it as an \"opinion,\" which is also not accurate as it is based on evidence. Option B suggests it is \"one possible explanation,\" which is partially true but does not convey the comprehensive nature of the theory.\n\n## Step 3: Selecting the best answer\nGiven the evidence and the scientific consensus, the theory of evolution is best described as an overarching explanation supported by much evidence for how populations change over time.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
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"84cb2afde5e9a7ccb640cd10a0941efd8d6966905782666040f8769af4b6c377"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the theory of evolution
The theory of evolution is a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth, including how species have come into existence and how they have changed over time.
## Step 2: Evaluating the options
Option A describes evolution as an educated guess, which does not accurately represent the scientific consensus and evidence supporting evolution. Option B implies that evolution is just one of several alternatives, which is not the case given the extensive evidence supporting it. Option C inaccurately describes evolution as an opinion, which does not reflect its status as a well-substantiated scientific theory. Option D accurately describes evolution as an overarching explanation supported by much evidence.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements explains how a point mutation can have no negative impact in the protein formed from a sequence in DNA? | {
"A": "The first codon of a gene is always AUG, a leader sequence; a mutation in that sequence will have no effect on the protein produced.",
"B": "Several codons code for the same amino acid.",
"C": "DNA polymerase and DNA ligase carry out excision repair before transcription.",
"D": "RNA processing will repair point mutations before mRNA leaves the nucleus."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements explains how a point mutation can have no negative impact in the protein formed from a sequence in DNA?\nA. The first codon of a gene is always AUG, a leader sequence; a mutation in that sequence will have no effect on the protein produced.\nB. Several codons code for the same amino acid.\nC. DNA polymerase and DNA ligase carry out excision repair before transcription.\nD. RNA processing will repair point mutations before mRNA leaves the nucleus.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein formed from a sequence in DNA.\n\n## Step 2: Considering the options\nOption A mentions that the first codon of a gene is always AUG, a leader sequence, and a mutation in that sequence will have no effect on the protein produced. However, this is not a general explanation for how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein.\n\n## Step 3: Considering the options\nOption B states that several codons code for the same amino acid. This means that even if a point mutation occurs in a codon, it may still code for the same amino acid, resulting in no negative impact on the protein.\n\n## Step 4: Considering the options\nOption C mentions DNA polymerase and DNA ligase carrying out excision repair before transcription. While this is a mechanism for repairing DNA damage, it does not directly explain how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein.\n\n## Step 5: Considering the options\nOption D states that RNA processing will repair point mutations before mRNA leaves the nucleus. However, this is not a general explanation for how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nBased on the analysis, the correct answer is the one that explains how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 7cc82d1498cf5892dd9abfc1c48f41ec7e4b2bb1ff9517ea37a787a40cf4622f | [
"7973088ad26487eff9b42e7e8e5e2a78edb90f74d782a38502f5fb69ec40805c"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_generations": "1",
"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the question
The question asks about how a point mutation in DNA can have no negative impact on the protein formed from the sequence.
## Step 2: Considering option A
Option A mentions that the first codon of a gene is always AUG, a leader sequence, and that a mutation in that sequence will have no effect on the protein produced. However, this is not a general explanation for how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein.
## Step 3: Considering option B
Option B states that several codons code for the same amino acid. This is a crucial concept in genetics because it means that a single amino acid can be encoded by multiple different codons in the DNA sequence. This redundancy allows for some flexibility in the genetic code, so a point mutation that changes one of these codons may not necessarily change the amino acid encoded.
## Step 4: Considering option C
Option C mentions DNA polymerase and DNA ligase carrying out excision repair before transcription. While this is a process for repairing DNA damage, it does not directly explain how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein formed from a sequence.
## Step 5: Considering option D
Option D suggests that RNA processing will repair point mutations before mRNA leaves the nucleus. However, this is not a common mechanism for repairing point mutations that occur in the DNA sequence before transcription.
## Step 6: Conclusion
Based on the analysis, the best answer is B, as it provides a general explanation for how a point mutation can have no negative impact on the protein formed from a sequence due to the redundancy in the genetic code.
The best answer is B.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | B |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an autoimmune disease? | {
"A": "T cells attack healthy body cells.",
"B": "An aneurysm is a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to balloon out. The vessel can rupture and cause a hemorrhage.",
"C": "Several factors cause hypertension: smoking, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and too much salt in the diet.",
"D": "Alzheimer's disease is caused by the buildup of plaque within the brain, causing brain cells to die."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an autoimmune disease?\nA. T cells attack healthy body cells.\nB. An aneurysm is a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to balloon out. The vessel can rupture and cause a hemorrhage.\nC. Several factors cause hypertension: smoking, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and too much salt in the diet.\nD. Alzheimer's disease is caused by the buildup of plaque within the brain, causing brain cells to die.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding what an autoimmune disease is\nAn autoimmune disease occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and damages its own cells, tissues, and organs.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\nOption A states that T cells attack healthy body cells, which aligns with the definition of an autoimmune disease.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\nOptions B, C, and D describe conditions or factors related to cardiovascular disease or Alzheimer's disease, but they do not describe autoimmune diseases.\n\nThe best answer is A."
] | A | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | 88bcfd77c6c9faa4d6a1b182c7c30694c9fb2b76b893df2d9f15d40ab9db9515 | [
"f652ab2b4eb5dd3bd07479da70cd16c99cd56eb0c08325480ad2c619eb030759"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding what an autoimmune disease is
An autoimmune disease is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and damages its own cells, tissues, and organs.
## Step 2: Examining the options
Option A states that T cells attack healthy body cells, which is a correct characterization of an autoimmune disease. Options B, C, and D describe unrelated conditions or concepts.
## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer
Based on the understanding of autoimmune diseases, the correct answer is the one that accurately describes this condition.
The best answer is A.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_ri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| 1 | A |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | All of the following play an important role in regulating respiration in humans EXCEPT | {
"A": "an increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood",
"B": "a decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood",
"C": "a decrease in the plasma pH level",
"D": "strenuous exercise"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: All of the following play an important role in regulating respiration in humans EXCEPT\nA. an increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood\nB. a decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood\nC. a decrease in the plasma pH level\nD. strenuous exercise\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"B"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the regulation of respiration\nRespiration in humans is regulated by various factors to ensure that the body maintains an optimal level of oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal. The key factors include the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the pH level of the blood.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing the options\n- Option A: An increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood stimulates the respiratory centers in the brain to increase breathing rate, helping to expel excess CO2.\n- Option B: A decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood also stimulates the respiratory centers to increase breathing rate, aiming to increase oxygen intake.\n- Option C: A decrease in the plasma pH level (acidosis) is sensed by chemoreceptors, leading to an increase in breathing rate to expel more CO2 and thus help buffer the pH.\n- Option D: Strenuous exercise increases the demand for oxygen and the production of CO2. While it does indeed require an increase in breathing rate to meet these demands, it is not a direct regulator of respiration in the same way that the levels of O2, CO2, and pH are.\n\n## Step 3: Identifying the correct answer\nGiven the options, strenuous exercise (Option D) is the one that does not directly play a role in regulating respiration in the same way that changes in the levels of O2, CO2, and pH do. It is a condition that necessitates a change in respiration but is not a regulatory factor itself.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 7f17f9af407bb8569fdaca724fc595d86ba65135ec67cef7370657dad2033b34 | [
"48536c078486940c2ce5cb5b7c30bf15ff82a0db5776a7bced59bebdf9d051c5"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"num_few_shot": "0",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the role of CO2 in respiration
An increase in the amount of CO2 in the blood (Option A) is a key factor in regulating respiration. High levels of CO2 in the blood increase the respiratory rate to help remove the excess CO2, which is a byproduct of metabolism.
## Step 2: Understanding the role of O2 in respiration
A decrease in the amount of O2 in the blood (Option B) also triggers an increase in the respiratory rate. This is because the body needs more oxygen to meet the increased demand of tissues during exercise or other high metabolic states.
## Step 3: Understanding the role of plasma pH in respiration
A decrease in the plasma pH level (Option C) indicates acidosis, which is often caused by an increase in CO2 levels in the blood. This condition also triggers the respiratory centers to increase ventilation to help remove the excess CO2 and reduce the acidotic state.
## Step 4: Considering the role of strenuous exercise
Strenuous exercise (Option D) increases the demand for oxygen by the muscles. This increased demand is met by increasing the respiratory rate to take in more oxygen and to remove more CO2. However, the primary regulation of respiration is through the levels of CO2, O2, and plasma pH, not directly through the activity level of the individual.
## Step 5: Identifying the correct answer
Given that the primary regulation of respiration is through the levels of CO2, O2, and plasma pH, and not directly through the activity level of the individual, the correct answer is the option that does not directly influence respiration through these mechanisms.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Water and minerals that reach the xylem in the center of a plant root must first | {
"A": "move through neighboring phloem vessels",
"B": "cross open stomata in the root epidermis",
"C": "cross the endodermis of the root cortex",
"D": "pass through the pith of the root cap"
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Water and minerals that reach the xylem in the center of a plant root must first\nA. move through neighboring phloem vessels\nB. cross open stomata in the root epidermis\nC. cross the endodermis of the root cortex\nD. pass through the pith of the root cap\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the structure of a plant root\nA plant root has several layers, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and xylem. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the root to the rest of the plant.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the path for water and minerals to reach the xylem\nTo reach the xylem, water and minerals must first pass through the cortex, which includes the endodermis. The endodermis is a specialized layer of cells that acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of substances into the vascular tissue.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminating incorrect options\nOption A is incorrect because phloem vessels are responsible for transporting sugars and other organic compounds, not water and minerals. Option B is incorrect because stomata are found on the surface of leaves, not roots, and are involved in gas exchange, not the transport of water and minerals. Option D is incorrect because the pith of the root cap is not a significant barrier for water and minerals to reach the xylem.\n\n## Step 4: Selecting the correct answer\nBased on the understanding of the root structure and the path for water and minerals to reach the xylem, the correct answer is the option that involves crossing the endodermis of the root cortex.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
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"b309236ca2c85f75deb14d1eb721ea0835f20c31b0441b25f9499952bd6b54ac"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
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"temperature": "0.0",
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} | ## Step 1: Understand the question
The question asks about the path that water and minerals take to reach the xylem in the center of a plant root.
## Step 2: Recall plant anatomy
In a plant root, the xylem is located in the center, and it's responsible for transporting water and minerals upwards. The endodermis is a layer of cells that surrounds the xylex and is involved in the regulation of ion and water balance.
## Step 3: Analyze the options
Option A suggests that water and minerals must move through neighboring phloem vessels, which is incorrect because phloem is involved in the transportation of sugars and other organic compounds, not water and minerals. Option B mentions crossing open stomata in the root epidermis, which is also incorrect because stomata are found in the leaves, not the roots. Option D mentions passing through the pith of the root cap, which is incorrect because the root cap is a protective structure that covers the root tip, and it's not involved in the transportation of water and minerals.
## Step 4: Choose the correct option
Based on the analysis, the correct option is C, which states that water and minerals must cross the endodermis of the root cortex to reach the xylem.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | A lizard lacking a chemical defense mechanism that is colored in the same way as a lizard that has a defense mechanism is displaying | {
"A": "aposometric coloration.",
"B": "cryptic coloration.",
"C": "Batesian mimicry.",
"D": "Müllerian mimicry."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: A lizard lacking a chemical defense mechanism that is colored in the same way as a lizard that has a defense mechanism is displaying\nA. aposometric coloration.\nB. cryptic coloration.\nC. Batesian mimicry.\nD. Müllerian mimicry.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"C"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understand the concept of mimicry in the context of defense mechanisms.\nMimicry in biology refers to the process where one species (the mimic) imitates another species (the model) to gain some advantage. This can include defense mechanisms.\n\n## Step 2: Identify the specific type of mimicry described in the question.\nThe question describes a lizard that lacks a chemical defense mechanism but is colored similarly to a lizard that has a defense mechanism. This scenario fits the definition of Batesian mimicry, where a harmless species (the mimic) imitates a harmful or distasteful species (the model) to avoid predation.\n\n## Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options based on the definitions.\n- Aposometric coloration refers to the warning coloration of animals that are not toxic but are large and intimidating, which does not match the scenario.\n- Cryptic coloration refers to the ability of an animal to blend in with its surroundings, which is not described in the scenario.\n- Müllerian mimicry involves two or more harmful or distasteful species that resemble each other, which does not fit the scenario of a harmless species mimicking a harmful one.\n\n## Step 4: Select the correct answer based on the analysis.\nGiven the description of a harmless lizard mimicking a harmful one, the correct answer is Batesian mimicry.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 3d45a1c9ac9e1a95697947c30170eb770d340258fbc878dbd4c9b3e71f982450 | [
"12a53be6079e57fcd01732fa85ba4e8e8224734c791326ac8782e3edf1bae750"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
"max_gen_len": "1024",
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"return_logprobs": "false",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of aposematic coloration
Aposematic coloration is a defense mechanism where an animal, often a predator, displays bright, warning colors to signal its distastefulness or toxicity to potential predators.
## Step 2: Understanding the concept of cryptic coloration
Cryptic coloration is a defense mechanism where an animal blends in with its surroundings, often through camouflage, to avoid being detected by predators.
## Step 3: Understanding the concept of Batesian mimicry
Batesian mimicry is a defense mechanism where a harmless animal mimics the appearance of a distasteful or toxic animal, often through coloration, to avoid being predatored.
## Step 4: Understanding the concept of Müllerian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a defense mechanism where two or more distasteful or toxic animals converge on a similar warning coloration, making it more effective for all involved.
## Step 5: Analyzing the given scenario
The scenario describes a lizard lacking a chemical defense mechanism that is colored in the same way as a lizard that has a defense mechanism. This means the lizard without a defense mechanism is mimicking the coloration of the lizard with a defense mechanism.
## Step 6: Identifying the correct answer
Given the description, the lizard without a defense mechanism is mimicking the coloration of the lizard with a defense mechanism, which is a characteristic of Batesian mimicry.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree? | {
"A": "None of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods.",
"B": "Some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats.",
"C": "The skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (i.e., some bones were missing).",
"D": "Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Logically, which of these should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree?\nA. None of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods.\nB. Some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats.\nC. The skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (i.e., some bones were missing).\nD. Relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the question\nThe question asks which of the given options should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree.\n\n## Step 2: Analyzing option A\nOption A mentions that none of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods. This could be due to various reasons such as adaptation to different environments, but it doesn't necessarily contradict the evolutionary relationships.\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing option B\nOption B states that some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats. This could also be due to various reasons such as migration or adaptation to different environments, and it doesn't necessarily contradict the evolutionary relationships.\n\n## Step 4: Analyzing option C\nOption C mentions that the skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete. This could make it difficult to determine the exact relationships, but it doesn't necessarily contradict the evolutionary relationships.\n\n## Step 5: Analyzing option D\nOption D states that relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns. This directly contradicts the fundamental principle of phylogenetics, which relies on the congruence between different types of data (e.g., DNA, morphology) to infer evolutionary relationships.\n\n## Step 6: Conclusion\nGiven the analysis, option D is the most logical choice because it directly challenges the underlying assumption of phylogenetics, which is that different types of data should show congruent patterns of relationships.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
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"5079345c863b434a18286068d5a4fd9eaa7716f04a3580210f7c2d4e385fa486"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
"seed": "42",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the Question
The question asks which of the given options should cast the most doubt on the relationships depicted by an evolutionary tree. An evolutionary tree is a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationships among organisms, typically based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, morphological features, or other characteristics.
## Step 2: Evaluating Option A
Option A states that none of the organisms depicted by the tree ate the same foods. While dietary differences can indicate distinct ecological niches, they do not directly contradict the evolutionary relationships depicted by the tree. Different dietary preferences can arise from similar evolutionary histories, so this option does not inherently cast doubt on the tree's relationships.
## Step 3: Evaluating Option B
Option B mentions that some of the organisms depicted by the tree had lived in different habitats. Like dietary differences, habitat differences can reflect ecological specialization but do not necessarily contradict the evolutionary relationships. Organisms can evolve to occupy different habitats while still being closely related, so this option also does not inherently cast doubt on the tree's relationships.
## Step 4: Evaluating Option C
Option C mentions that the skeletal remains of the organisms depicted by the tree were incomplete (i.e., some bones were missing). Incompleteness of fossil records can make it difficult to accurately reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, but it does not necessarily contradict the relationships depicted by the tree. In fact, incomplete records can sometimes be filled in by phylogenetic analysis, assuming the relationships are as depicted.
## Step 5: Evaluating Option D
Option D states that relationships between DNA sequences among the species did not match relationships between skeletal patterns. This directly contradicts the premise of an evolutionary tree, which is based on the assumption that phylogenetic relationships are consistent across different characteristics (such as DNA sequences and skeletal patterns). If the relationships do not match, it suggests that the tree's relationships are incorrect or incomplete.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of | {
"A": "pansexual selection.",
"B": "stabilizing selection.",
"C": "intrasexual selection.",
"D": "intersexual selection."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of\nA. pansexual selection.\nB. stabilizing selection.\nC. intrasexual selection.\nD. intersexual selection.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the concept of sexual dimorphism\nSexual dimorphism refers to the differences in form or structure between males and females of the same species.\n\n## Step 2: Identifying the driving forces behind sexual dimorphism\nTo determine which type of selection is most often responsible for sexual dimorphism, we need to consider the definitions of each type of selection mentioned in the options.\n\n## Step 3: Analyzing the options\n- A. Pansexual selection refers to the process where individuals with any trait, regardless of its function, are favored by natural selection.\n- B. Stabilizing selection acts to maintain the average value of a trait in a population, favoring individuals with traits that are near the mean.\n- C. Intrasexual selection is a form of sexual selection where individuals compete with members of the same sex for mates.\n- D. Intersexual selection is a form of sexual selection where individuals choose mates based on traits that are not directly related to the competition for mates.\n\n## Step 4: Relating the options to sexual dimorphism\nSexual dimorphism often arises from differences in traits that are favored by intrasexual selection, as these differences can provide a competitive advantage in mate selection.\n\n## Step 5: Selecting the best answer\nGiven the relationship between intrasexual selection and the development of traits that contribute to sexual dimorphism, the most likely cause of sexual dimorphism is intrasexual selection.\n\nThe best answer is C."
] | C | null | null | {
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"9193b022518f4b1fb8d01c9675a4f4a9c05b9de304f8b0de3eb0e6da0ea8092e"
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"prompt_fn": "functools.partial(<function jinja_dialog_format at 0x7f38c1aebbe0>, template={'prompt': 'Given the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\\n\\nQuestion: {{ question }}\\nA. {{ choices[\"A\"] }}\\nB. {{ choices[\"B\"] }}\\nC. {{ choices[\"C\"] }}\\nD. {{ choices[\"D\"] }}\\n\\n- For simple problems:\\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\\n\\n- For complex problems:\\nUse this step-by-step format:\\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\\n[Brief explanation]\\n\\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\\n\\nLet\\'s think step by step.\\n', 'answer': '{{ cot }}\\n\\nThe best answer is {{ answer }}.'}, append_gen_prefix=False)",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the concept of sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species. This can include differences in size, shape, color, and other traits.
## Step 2: Examining the options
- A. Pansexual selection refers to the process by which different traits are favored by different members of a species, leading to the evolution of a range of traits. This doesn't directly explain sexual dimorphism.
- B. Stabilizing selection refers to the process by which the average value of a trait is favored, leading to the maintenance of a stable average value. This doesn't directly explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism.
- C. Intrasexual selection refers to the process by which individuals within the same sex compete for mates, leading to the evolution of traits that are favored by members of the opposite sex. This is a key driver of sexual dimorphism.
- D. Intersexual selection is not a standard term in evolutionary biology. However, it could be interpreted as the process of one sex selecting for traits in the other sex, which is related to intrasexual selection.
## Step 3: Identifying the best answer
Given the options, intrasexual selection (C) is the most direct explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism. This is because intrasexual selection involves competition between members of the same sex for mates, which can lead to the evolution of traits that are favored by the opposite sex, resulting in sexual dimorphism.
The best answer is C.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 0 | C |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct? | {
"A": "The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells.",
"B": "Homologues pair during prophase II.",
"C": "DNA replication occurs before meiosis I and meiosis II.",
"D": "The number of chromosomes is reduced."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?\nA. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells.\nB. Homologues pair during prophase II.\nC. DNA replication occurs before meiosis I and meiosis II.\nD. The number of chromosomes is reduced.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"D"
] | [
"## Step 1: Analyze the options given in the context of meiosis.\nMeiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.\n\n## Step 2: Evaluate each option based on the characteristics of meiosis.\n- Option A is incorrect because the daughter cells (gametes) are genetically unique due to the shuffling of genetic material during meiosis.\n- Option B is incorrect because homologous chromosomes pair during prophase I of meiosis, not prophase II.\n- Option C is incorrect because DNA replication occurs before meiosis I, but not before meiosis II, which is a division without DNA replication.\n- Option D is correct because meiosis results in the reduction of the chromosome number by half, which is a fundamental characteristic of meiosis.\n\nThe best answer is D."
] | D | null | null | {
"acc": 1,
"correct_format": 1
} | true | c9d46c5a21436ea2d6375c21456f73cd6a7438d72d9434cd4fb43e9b7ff277fc | [
"b54870d21f4d48f0291643e7a11f2d876845b80b775370678fbb45eae37cf071"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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"return_logprobs": "false",
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells compared to the parent cell. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction as it leads to genetic diversity.
## Step 2: Examining the Options
- Option A: Meiosis results in daughter cells that are not genetically identical to the parent cells due to the shuffling of chromosomes, making this statement incorrect.
- Option B: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair during prophase I, not prophase II, which is incorrect.
- Option C: DNA replication occurs before mitosis, not meiosis. Meiosis does not involve DNA replication, making this statement incorrect.
- Option D: The correct statement regarding meiosis is that the number of chromosomes is reduced. This is because meiosis involves the separation of chromosomes, resulting in cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell.
## Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the understanding of meiosis and the examination of the options, the correct statement about meiosis is that the number of chromosomes is reduced.
The best answer is D.<|eot_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|><|finetune_right_pad_id|> | 1 | D |
Generative | mmlu_chat_cot_flan_zeroshot | mmlu_chat_cot.high_school_biology | Stomata allow gases, such as H2O and CO2, to exchange between the inside of a plant leaf and the surrounding environment. Which of the following occurs under normal daytime environmental conditions? | {
"A": "H2O diffuses out of the leaf faster than CO2 enters.",
"B": "H2O diffuses out of the leaf slower than CO2 enters.",
"C": "CO2 diffuses out of the leaf faster than H2O enters.",
"D": "H2O exchanges with CO2 at equal rates."
} | [
"<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nGiven the following question and four candidate answers (A, B, C and D), choose the best answer.\n\nQuestion: Stomata allow gases, such as H2O and CO2, to exchange between the inside of a plant leaf and the surrounding environment. Which of the following occurs under normal daytime environmental conditions?\nA. H2O diffuses out of the leaf faster than CO2 enters.\nB. H2O diffuses out of the leaf slower than CO2 enters.\nC. CO2 diffuses out of the leaf faster than H2O enters.\nD. H2O exchanges with CO2 at equal rates.\n\n- For simple problems:\nDirectly provide the answer with minimal explanation.\n\n- For complex problems:\nUse this step-by-step format:\n## Step 1: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n## Step 2: [Concise description]\n[Brief explanation]\n\nRegardless of the approach, always conclude with:\nThe best answer is [the_answer_letter].\nwhere the [the_answer_letter] is one of A, B, C or D.\n\nLet's think step by step.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
] | [
"A"
] | [
"## Step 1: Understanding the role of stomata\nStomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange between the plant and the environment. This includes the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O).\n\n## Step 2: Considering the direction of gas exchange\nDuring the day, plants undergo photosynthesis, a process that requires CO2 to enter the leaf and H2O to leave the leaf. The rate of CO2 uptake is generally faster than the rate of H2O loss because the plant needs CO2 for photosynthesis to occur, but it also needs to conserve water.\n\n## Step 3: Evaluating the options\nGiven the need for CO2 to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and the need to conserve water by limiting H2O loss, we can evaluate the options:\n- A. H2O diffuses out of the leaf faster than CO2 enters: This is incorrect because the plant needs to conserve water.\n- B. H2O diffuses out of the leaf slower than CO2 enters: This is correct because the plant needs to conserve water while allowing CO2 to enter for photosynthesis.\n- C. CO2 diffuses out of the leaf faster than H2O enters: This is incorrect because CO2 needs to enter the leaf for photosynthesis.\n- D. H2O exchanges with CO2 at equal rates: This is incorrect because the plant needs to conserve water.\n\nThe best answer is B."
] | B | null | null | {
"acc": 0,
"correct_format": 1
} | false | 408f9d38f1a7dd3b8f3642ef95811e3f4aa51a5589ea5bfae145e3ae5cafb445 | [
"04ccbee470f72ebe016f4265bfe8c00674ffcac31f31e7c12c76f9a7025b4bfd"
] | MMLU (0-shot, CoT) | {
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} | ## Step 1: Understanding the role of stomata
Stomata are small openings found on the surfaces of leaves that allow for gas exchange between the inside of a plant leaf and the surrounding environment.
## Step 2: Identifying the direction of gas exchange
Under normal daytime environmental conditions, plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis and release oxygen (O2) as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Water (H2O) is also released from the plant through a process called transpiration.
## Step 3: Determining the relative rates of gas exchange
The rate of gas exchange is influenced by the concentration gradient of the gases across the stomatal membrane. Since the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is generally higher than that of oxygen, and the concentration of water vapor in the leaf is generally lower than that in the atmosphere, CO2 enters the leaf faster than H2O exits.
## Step 4: Eliminating incorrect options
Based on the understanding of gas exchange rates, options A, B, C, and D can be evaluated. Option A is incorrect because CO2 enters faster than H2O exits. Option B is also incorrect because H2O exits faster than CO2 enters. Option D is incorrect because CO2 and H2O do not exchange at equal rates. This leaves option C as the correct answer.
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