Datasets:

grow-ai-like-a-child
/

perceptual-constancy

media_type stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 2 values	sec_label float64 1 3	question stringlengths 27 210	correct_answer stringclasses 6 values
image	TF	1	Between the two pictures, the lighting has changed. Has the actual color of the tennis ball itself changed?	No
image	TF	1	In the picture, has the actual color of the bridge itself changed?	No
image	TF	1	In the picture, has the actual color of the building itself changed?	No
image	TF	1	In the picture, has the actual color of the building itself changed?	No
image	TF	2	In the two pictures, top and bottom, did the actual size of the cup change?	No
image	TF	2	Has the actual width of the suspension bridge deck in the picture changed?	No
image	MC	3	In the picture, is the actual shape of the door a rectangle or a trapezoid? A. rectangle; B. trapezoid	A
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of the beacon tower in the foreground larger than the actual size of the beacon tower in the background?	No
image	TF	3	Is this ladder a trapezoid?	No
image	TF	3	In the picture, are the two long thick poles that make up the sides of this ladder parallel?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is this tunnel getting narrower?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of each section of the train the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual body of the train getting narrower?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of the fire truck larger than the actual size of the airplane?	No
image	TF	2	The clothes on the left are before washing, and the clothes on the right are after washing. Are the actual sizes of the two clothes consistent?	No
image	TF	1	The clothes on the left are before washing, and the clothes on the right are after washing. Are the actual colors of the two clothes consistent?	Yes
image	TF	3	The clothes on the left are before washing, and the clothes on the right are after washing. Are the actual shapes of the two clothes consistent?	Yes
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Orange; B. Yellow; C. Blue	B
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Red; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Green; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Cyan; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Red; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Purple; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. White; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	1	What color is the middle square of the Rubik's Cube? A. Red; B. Yellow; C. Blue	C
image	MC	2	Which circle is the largest in actual size? A. The left one; B. The middle one; C. The right one; D. They are all the same size.	D
image	MC	1	What is the actual color of the teacup? A. White; B. Black	A
image	MC	2	Which of the two orange circles is larger? A. The one on the left; B. The one on the right; C. They are the same size.	C
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the utility poles in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the black shapes in the picture consistent?	Yes
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of the apple larger than the actual size of a person's head?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of the insecticide sprayer in the foreground larger than the one in the background?	No
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the Rubik's Cube the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the small squares in the middle of the two squares on the left and right the same?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the squares in the middle of the two circles on the left and right the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Has the actual size of the horizontal rectangle changed?	No
image	TF	2	Is Capitol Hill much taller than the monument in the background?	No
image	TF	2	Are the two gray squares actually the same size in reality?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the fruits in the left, middle, and right images the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the boy in the picture being lifted up by someone's hand?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual heights of the man and the bus in the picture the same?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual lengths of the horizontal lines in the middle of the top, middle, and bottom shapes in the picture consistent?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the three picture frames, from left to right, largest on the left, second largest in the middle, and smallest on the right?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual heights of the street trees on both sides of the road consistent?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the fruits in the left and right pictures the same?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the small squares in the middle of the six larger squares the same	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the three clocks the same?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the cardboard the man is holding in the two photos, one above the other, consistent?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the three cylinders consistent?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the three cylinders consistent?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the two squares the same?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the two small boats, one in front and one behind, the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual height of the Eiffel Tower in the picture about the same as the length of a person's hand?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the two balls in the picture the same?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the two triangles, one on the left and one on the right, the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the circular targets in the picture consistent?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the destroyers in the left and right pictures the same?	Yes
image	TF	1	Are the actual colors of the faces of the cube in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	1	Is the actual color of the ball in the picture uniform?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the moon in about the same as the flower?	No
image	TF	3	Is the actual shape of the J-20 fighter jet asymmetrical?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the Chinese flag in the picture about the same as the actual size of the Fujian aircraft carrier?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the hand in the picture larger than the actual size of the sun?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of each tank in the group of green tanks the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the tanks in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the tank in the front larger than the actual sizes of the two tanks behind it?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the missile launch vehicles in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual height of the flower basket higher than the Tiananmen Gate tower behind it?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual heights of the soldiers in the military parade formation the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the 055 missile destroyer in the front larger than the 055 missile destroyer in the back?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the four missiles in the picture different?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual width of the aircraft carrier in the picture greater than the actual length of its runway?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the missile in the front larger than the size of the missile in the back?	No
image	MC	2	Which warship in the picture is the largest in actual size? A. The first one; B. The second one; C. The third one; D. Same	D
image	MC	2	Which bomber is larger in actual size? A. The one in front; B. The one in the back; C. They are the same size.	C
image	TF	2	Is the height of the Chinese flag in the picture the same as the flying height of the airplane in the background?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the airplane flying in the air in the picture larger than the size of the airplane on the deck of the aircraft carrier below?	No
image	TF	2	In fact, are the actual sizes of the two missiles in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the sun smaller than the actual size of the trees?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, do the flagpoles decrease in actual height from left to right?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual width of the person practicing Tai Chi in the picture wider than the Oriental Pearl Tower in the background?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, do the actual sizes of the people in the military parade formation decrease from front to back?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, do the actual sizes of the honor guards decrease from front to back?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, do the actual leg lengths of the female soldiers decrease from left to right?	No
image	TF	2	Are the actual sizes of the armored vehicles in the picture the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	In the picture, are the actual sizes of the soldiers nearly the same?	Yes
image	TF	3	Is the actual shape of each face of the object different?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual size of plane on the aircraft carrier's deck much larger than the one that has already taken off?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, does the actual width of the train tracks get narrower from near to far?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual height of the lighthouse already as high as the clouds?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, are the actual sizes of the hot air balloons the same?	Yes
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual distance of the sun from the ground lower than the actual distance from the top of the mountain on the left to the ground?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual width of the pier consistent from near to far?	Yes
image	TF	2	In the picture, does the actual height of the sea level get higher from near to far?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual height of the castle on the right higher than the actual height of the mountain top on the left?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, is the actual area of the lake smaller than the actual area of the grassland?	No
image	TF	2	Is the actual size of the horse in the foreground larger than the horse in the background?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, do the actual sizes of the wooden posts on both sides of the pier get smaller from near to far?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, does the actual width of the road get narrower from near to far?	No
image	TF	2	In the picture, are the actual sizes of the bridge arches the same?	Yes

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy is a multimodal benchmark designed to evaluate high-level perceptual invariance in large vision-language models (VLMs). It probes a model’s understanding of physical and geometric stability under varying sensory appearances. This dataset is part of the Grow AI Like a Child benchmark initiative.

🧠 Dataset Overview

The Perceptual Constancy dataset focuses on appearance-invariant reasoning using both static images and short video clips. Each question tests whether the model can generalize consistent properties across transformations such as viewpoint, color, orientation, size, or occlusion.

The dataset contains:

253 samples
Two modalities: image or video
Two question formats: multiple-choice (MC) or true/false (TF)

📁 Dataset Format

Each sample includes:

Field	Description
`Index`	Unique ID (e.g., `a0031`)
`Data.Type`	Either `image` or `video`
`Qustion.Type`	Either `MC` or `TF`
`Sec..Label`	Integer from 1 to 3 (see section mapping below)
`Question`	Natural language question with embedded options (for MC)
`Correct.Answer`	The correct response (e.g., `A`, `B`, `Yes`, `No`)

🔢 `Sec..Label` Categories

Label	Category
1	Color Constancy
2	Size Constancy
3	Shape Constancy

📂 Folder Structure

data/
├── data.csv
├── images/
│   ├── *.png / *.jpg / *.avif
│   └── metadata.jsonl
├── videos/
│   ├── *.mp4 / *.gif / *.mov
│   └── metadata.jsonl

The metadata.jsonl files store structured entries for each modality.
.gif files are stored in videos/ and marked as media_type = video.

💡 Example

{
  "file_name": "a0033.JPG",
  "media_type": "image",
  "question_type": "TF",
  "sec_label": 1.0,
  "question": "In the picture, has the actual color of the bridge itself changed?",
  "correct_answer": "No"
}

📚 Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite:

@misc{sun2025probingperceptualconstancylarge,
      title={Probing Perceptual Constancy in Large Vision Language Models}, 
      author={Haoran Sun and Suyang Yu and Yijiang Li and Qingying Gao and Haiyun Lyu and Hokin Deng and Dezhi Luo},
      year={2025},
      eprint={2502.10273},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10273}, 
}

🤝 Acknowledgments

This dataset is developed by the Grow AI Like a Child community to support structured.

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Size of downloaded dataset files:

189 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

89.5 MB

Number of rows:

209