README.md

metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:700
  - loss:MatryoshkaLoss
  - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      How can I ensure that my puppy's emotional and psychological needs are
      being met during training to promote better social skills and emotional
      stability?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Look for wiggling body language, happy faces, and play bows from both
        dogs. Bouncy exaggerated rocking-horse type movements are a sign the
        dogs are having fun. Determine whether your dog wants to run back and
        play with another dog by giving a consent test. Separate the dogs,
        remove your dog some distance away, then observe whether your dog wants
        to run back and play with the other dog or not. Dogs should be
        self-imposing breaks from play to rest or get a small drink. Breaks may
        include sniffing. If one dog wants a break the other dog shows respect by
        not persisting in perpetual play inducements. If your dog comes and lies
        down near you, take the lead, and protect your dog from further
        interaction until your dog desires another round of play. Sniffing may be
        in order. Puppies and adult dogs must be monitored very carefully as
        should small dogs vs. large dogs. Not all adult dogs like puppies. Large
        adult dogs should change levels, that is voluntarily self- handicap, and
        let the puppy or smaller dog “win” regularly during role reversals.
        These behaviors balance inequalities in size, strength, and health. If
        role-reversals or self-handicapping are not occurring, do not allow your
        puppy or small dog continued interaction with an adult or much larger
        dog who may show aggression or cause physical or emotional injury. One
        dog may be either the victim or the bully in different contexts. Roles
        may also change when playing with different play partners. Dogs should
        take turns happily chasing each other where neither dog is a bully or a
        target, so play goes back and forth. With puppies, adult dogs should be
        willing to let the puppy win now and again and should always back off if
        the puppy squeals.
      - >-
        The priorities, best practices and the exclusions define what force-free
        training is and in addition what it is not. Force-free training is
        categorically and qualitatively different and unique from traditional or
        so-called “balance training” by virtue of the operational definition of
        what we do and what we do not do as described below.


        No shock No prong No choke No pain No fear No dominance or intimidation
        No compulsion methods No physical force No hitting with any object,
        including rolled up towels No throwing items No swatting with a
        newspaper No shaking cans of coins or rocks in our dogs’ sensitive ears
        No spraying water in the face or body No yelling


        Nurturing biological health and psychological well-being enhances
        emotional stability, social skills, and cognitive abilities by meeting
        our dogs’ real needs. The Hierarchy of Dog Needs describes the emotional
        and behavioral modification methods that force-free behavior modification
        consultants and trainers endorse. Effectively using these techniques
        serves to increase, decrease, and redirect behavior, and also to change
        emotional responses. We set the stage for optimal well-being by using
        force-free training, and eliminating the potentiality for fear, stress,
        and aggression.
      - >-
        Many properties of commercially prepared dog food are not sufficiently
        regulated. We suggest that you


        Read the ingredients on labels and choose a food with a specifically
        named protein source as the first ingredient. Avoid the vague term
        “meat,” by-products, corn syrup, and sugar. Meat meal is generally
        rendered meat made of by-products and that is why you will not see meat
        meals in human foods. Avoid meat meals when there are higher quality
        alternatives. Avoid artificial flavors, colors, and preservatives,
        especially BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin that may be linked to carcinogens.
        Artificial


        preservatives may be toxic to your dogs: Some artificial preservatives
        are also used as pesticides.


        Consider the following questions when choosing a brand of dog food


        Sources. Where do the ingredients come from? Recalls. What is the
        manufacturer’s safety record? Marketing and customer service. Is the
        company transparent about its products and responsive to inquiries?
  - source_sentence: >-
      How can I ensure my puppy doesn't have potty accidents when I'm not
      watching her closely?
    sentences:
      - >-
        attached to you by a leash so she canʼt wander off to potty in the house


        or under your direct supervision in an enclosed area. Direct supervision
        means you are looking at her at all times. The minute you turn away,
        sheʼll have a potty accident.


        Stick to this plan for a month straight and sheʼll reliably develop the
        habit of going outside and holding it inside. Then continue keeping a
        close eye on her for another couple of months, especially when you take
        her on outings to other peopleʼs homes, before declaring her completely
        potty trained.


        The goal of crate training is that your puppy learns to love resting in
        her crate.


        Crate: Your puppy should sleep in her crate at night and take naps in it
        during the day. To train her to love her crate, you can make it
        comfortable with a blanket and


        place treats inside at random times. Then give her toys and pet her when
        sheʼs in it


        before you close the door. The ultimate goal of crate training is that
        she goes into


        the crate on her own or when you give her a verbal cue, rather than
        needing to be


        shoved or coaxed in. And once sheʼs in, she remains calm, relaxed and
        quiet. (If


        you have problems with this, download the crate training handout at


        Crate size: The crate should be big enough for the puppy to lie down and
        turn around but not big enough for a separate potty area. You can make
        the crate


        smaller by placing a box in it and, as the puppy grows, enlarge the
        crate by using a


        “The goal of crate training is that your puppy learns to love resting in
        her crate.”
      - >-
        Does your puppy love their food? If so, use it to reward them throughout
        the day. Portion out some or all of the food and use it to motivate
        quick responses and self-control. (For more on how to use food to
        inspire learning, check out Part 4 of this book.)


        Water is critically important for your puppy’s well-being: it should be
        left out and available at all times. That said, try to monitor their
        drinking habits while house- training them. Establish a drinking station
        for your puppy and keep their dish there, whether it’s empty or full.
        Give water with meals, after playing, chewing, or napping, and as you’re
        on your way to the potty area.


        Restrict water after 7:30 p.m., unless you want to be up all night
        taking your puppy outside. If your puppy needs a drink, either give them
        a small amount or offer a couple of ice cubes.


        Although dogs have many fewer taste buds overall (humans have 9,000 to
        their 1,700), your puppy has a ring of taste buds on the tip of their
        tongue that make water taste sweet. Pretty cool.


        I don’t think house-training can be summed up any better than with the
        wonder- ful maxim “Whatever goes in must come out.” Your puppy’s
        biological clock will have them eliminating on demand. When their
        bladder or bowels are pressed, they’ll let loose whether they’re outside
        or on the papers — or the rug, if you’re not watching.
      - >-
        After a puppy’s peak socialization period, around 16 weeks of age, it’s
        impos- sible to turn back the clock. People, places, sights, and smells
        that your puppy would have conditioned to naturally at an early age will
        seem suspicious to an older puppy. Do you want a dog who can’t warm up
        to everyday stimulations?


        Puppies who are overisolated or stressed during infancy are shown to
        chew more destructively and may wreck your furnishings if they aren’t
        conditioned to chew their toys. The early turmoil created nervous energy
        that needs to be displaced, and because running to the refrigerator is
        off limits and nail-biting


        isn’t an option, your puppy will chew on whatever is available. Provide
        plenty of satisfying options or else you may see your sofa disappear,
        one cushion at a time.


        » Shelter: If you find an older puppy at a shelter, ask about their
        history and try to find out why they were left there. Were they found on
        the side of the street, or have they grown up in the system? Has the
        puppy in question been returned more than once? Ask what the reasons
        were — you may be adopting a dog who couldn’t be house-trained, was
        fearful of kids, or showed aggression when chewing a bone. Find out what
        the staff thinks of the puppy’s personality. » Pet store, puppy broker,
        craigslist, and other sources: Discount shopping isn’t for puppies. Do
        not buy a puppy without meeting and talking to the breeder or rescuers
        first. Though you may read a phrase that makes you feel like you’ll be
        the winner, there are no winners in the online puppy shopping game.
        Buying a puppy in this manner ensures that more puppies will be bred
        this way, which doesn’t take their interests to heart.
  - source_sentence: >-
      What steps should I follow to transition my puppy from walking in a
      low-distraction area to more crowded places while using a Halti?
    sentences:
      - >-
        examine teeth and inside the mouth. This will desensitize your dog to
        people touching your dog’s mouth. Make sure your dog has proper dental
        care. Proper dental care is so often overlooked! Massage the sacral
        joint where the spine meets the tail and lift the tail to desensitize
        your dog to handling. Teach your dog how to give consent, how to ask for
        a break, and how to ask you to stop. Choice and consent are the wave of
        the future in modern cooperative care.
      - >-
        If your adolescent puppy is still pulling on the leash despite all the
        basic leash walking training I’ve taken you through, you might choose to
        try a Halti leash. I’m a big fan of Haltis, as they make a massive
        difference with dogs who continue to have pulling problems, especially
        reactive dogs who can pull unexpectedly. A Halti is a gentle head
        harness that controls the dog by the snout and takes all the pressure
        off the throat.


        To introduce a Halti, you must first make sure your puppy is comfortable
        putting their nose into the Halti. Do this by simply slipping it on and
        off and rewarding your puppy heavily for this (YES, and a treat). You’ll
        then need to get your puppy comfortable with having the Halti done up,
        so again, go heavy on the rewards and praise. Then you need to master
        walking your puppy with a Halti on in a low-distraction environment
        (i.e., your garden or somewhere else familiar, without loads of other
        dogs and people). Once your dog is comfortable moving around your
        garden, you can move to outside; get your dog comfortable in your street
        before moving on to high- distraction-level areas, such as parks. A
        decent structured walk should be ten minutes, with your dog nicely
        walking by your side, followed by five minutes where you allow your puppy
        to sniff and explore a little, before returning to a more structured
        HEEL walk.


        TIP: Haltis can be tricky to put on at first, so watch a few online
        videos or ask a friend


        to demonstrate theirs just to get a feel for how they work. Waving a
        Halti around and
      - >-
        Think of your dog’s veterinarian as being on par with your doctor or
        your child’s pediatrician. Medical knowledge is essential, but a good
        bedside manner is the cherry on top of the sundae. Speak with the
        receptionists and bring in your pup for a cheerful social call before
        their initial visit. Talk to the doctor like they’re a neighbor. Do you
        feel comfortable sharing all your canine concerns with them?


        If you’re unsure of which veterinarian to use, ask around. You can
        narrow your search by asking your friends and family whom they use and
        why.


        Puppies can be quite impulsive — they often swallow things that look
        edible before even considering whether they are. So, at your puppy’s
        first veterinary visit, ask the doctor for a recommended method for
        inducing vomiting. You should also find out the poison-control hotline
        number and always keep it on your phone in case of an emergency. Seek
        out a 24-hour emergency veterinary hospital in your area as well. Keep
        the hospital’s number by or on your phone. Accidents can happen during
        off hours, so have a plan.


        Whether your life demands consistent hours away from home or
        circumstance steps in to temporarily rearrange your schedule, knowing a
        dog walker can make the difference between a happy puppy and a
        stressed-out one. Puppies are like human babies in that they have a
        strong need dependency. Even though an adult dog can hold their bladder
        until you get home or can survive until a late meal, your puppy may well
        eat the walls of your house if you get stuck in traffic. A reliable dog
        walker can be a godsend in times like these.
  - source_sentence: >-
      What breeds of dogs might struggle more with swimming, and how can I
      support them if they are hesitant to enter the water?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Never throw your dog into the water to “see how it goes”—because your
        dog can easily drown, struggle or thrash and any trust you may have
        established will be broken. The safest, least stressful, and most
        effective way to teach a dog to swim is to use a properly-fitted life
        jacket. A life jacket often helps new swimmers relax enough to paddle
        with all four legs.


        Desensitize your dog to wearing a dog life jacket to keep him afloat and
        to provide peace of mind for you. Your dog’s innate ability to swim or
        ease in learning to swim is, in part, determined by breed and body
        morphology. Even some retrievers need a helping hand to learn and find
        the confidence to swim for fun and exercise. Breeds with short legs and
        wide chests such as Bulldogs, Boston Terriers, Corgis, and Pugs, simply
        were not bred for swimming. Large, muscled breeds such as the bully
        breeds, require a great deal of energy expenditure in the water due to
        their significant body mass. Sight hounds, such as Salukis, Whippets,
        Italian Greyhounds and Greyhounds, have the disadvantage of both large
        muscles and little body fat to keep them afloat.
      - >-
        The key to etiquette training is to set your goals and share them with
        family and friends — and even with strangers who interact with your pup.
        Think of this last training chapter of Part 3 as sending your puppy off
        to Miss Sarah’s School of Dog Etiquette, which is a short-term course
        with long-term freedoms and rewards.


        To develop the all-important canine consciousness, you must do two
        things:


        » Decide what you want when you give a direction. » Follow through — if
        your expectations are unclear, your puppy’s reaction will


        When debuting that almost-grown puppy of yours, follow these five
        essential rules:


        1. Make sure your puppy is familiar and comfortable with the setting
        before you attempt to introduce them to anyone. Don’t greet people your
        first day out.


        2. Before each introduction, insist that your puppy stand still at your
        side. Gently hold still or bring them back to your side and instruct
        “Wait.”


        3. Tell admirers “We’re in training.” This statement will help them
        respect your efforts and contain their excitement (hopefully).


        4. Stay more focused on your puppy than on the admirer. Insist that your
        puppy use good manners before you let them approach a new dog or person.
        5. Put faith in your knowledge. Just because everyone has advice doesn’t
        mean they’re right. “I don’t mind if they jump” doesn’t hold water. You
        mind if they jump, so don’t give in.


        Under and back: Helpful commands when you’re out and about


        Have you ever marveled at the sight of a dog lying patiently under the
        table or their human’s legs? It’s calming on all fronts because the dog
        is at peace knowing that the person is safe and in charge. Fortunately
        for you, it couldn’t be easier to teach your pup this skill.
      - >-
        exposed to an aversive stimulus that it cannot escape or avoid, and
        which nothing it does has any effect on, eventually its avoidance
        responses will extinguish. It will stop reacting to the stimulus, pay no
        attention, and apparently become unaware of it. This is called
        habituation. In my New York apartment I found the street noise
        unbearable at first, but eventually, like most New Yorkers, I learned to
        sleep through the sirens, yelling, garbage trucks, even car crashes. I
        became habituated. Police horses are sometimes trained by subjecting
        them to all kinds of harmless but alarming events, such as opening
        umbrellas, flapping papers, being tapped all over with rattling tin cans,
        and so on. The horses become so habituated to startling sights and
        sounds that they remain unflappable no matter what events the city
        streets have to offer.


        Method 4 is not useful for getting rid of well-learned, self-rewarding
        behavior patterns. It is good, however, for whining, sulking, or
        teasing. Even small children can learn - and are gratified to discover -
        that they can stop older children from teasing them merely by not
        reacting in any way, good or bad.


        BEHAVIOR Roommate leaves dirty laundry all over the place. Dog in yard
        barks all night.


        This behavior is self-reinforcing and seldom extinguishes spontaneously.
        A certain amount of noise is natural and harmless; let it be, they'll
        get tired of it. See to it that his or her harsh words have no results,
        either good or bad. Work on other strokes, footwork, and so on, and try
        to let the specific error die down from lack of concentrating on it. If
        the misbehavior is a way of getting attention, remove the attention;
        shirking,
  - source_sentence: What should I do if I notice signs of an ear infection in my puppy?
    sentences:
      - >-
        Puppies love interactive games, especially as they mature. Tug is a
        great game for puppies and can be used to teach your puppy to Give on
        command, as well as learning what is and isn’t okay to tug on — your
        hair or slippers, for example. Here’s a quick lesson on playing tug with
        a young puppy:


        » Start with a rope or doggie play pole, which can also be fashioned out
        of a


        » Bounce the toy in front of your puppy or wait until they show interest
        in


        playing with it. Reward their interest by saying “Tug” and providing
        resistance. » Take a smelly food treat in your hand (like liver, hot
        dog, or jerky-type treat)


        » Let your puppy have the toy back right away and continue playing or
        say “You


        Soon your puppy will learn that sharing and releasing toys means more
        fun and interaction, not less.


        When picking out self-soothing toys for your puppy (objects they can
        play with alone), keep the analogy of giving a child your smartphone to
        keep them busy when you’re present but not accessible. Self-soothing
        objects come in many forms: What calms your puppy best?


        Though you generally can’t go wrong with indestructible plastic bones,
        some puppies find them, well, boring. Rawhide, which is made in America,
        is a satisfy- ing chew, but it’s problematic with some dogs who chew
        obsessively because they gulp it as they go and can choke or get
        indigestion. Destructible bones also cost money to replace — just
        saying.


        Personally, my clients have had the most luck with pressed rawhide,
        animal-part sticks (hooves and bully sticks), and vegetable-matter pulp
        bones. Test out a few kinds yourself to find a bone that satisfies your
        puppy’s craving and that can pass the “systems” test (their digestive
        system, that is); then buy it in bulk.
      - >-
        Don’t use cotton swabs or poke into your puppy’s ear canal. You can
        cause irreparable damage by doing so.


        » Prevent water from entering the ear. If you’re bathing your pup, put a
        cotton ball in the opening ahead of time and wipe the ears out with a
        dry cotton ball when you’re finished.


        Ear infections are quite common. Signs of infection include a red or
        swollen ear, discharge, head shaking, ear itching, or bad odor. If you
        notice any of these symp- toms, get your puppy to their doctor
        immediately. Left untreated, infections can cause fever, depression,
        irritability, and loss of balance. Your veterinarian may prescribe an
        ointment that you administer at home. Here’s how to use it:


        1. Wait until your dog’s a little sleepy. 2. Bring them to the
        refrigerator and swipe some peanut butter or broth at their eye level.


        3. As they’re licking the refrigerator, gently squeeze into their ear
        canal the amount of ointment specified by your veterinarian.


        You don’t have to know much about the nose, though it is helpful for
        tipping you off to the fact that your puppy’s not feeling well. A warm
        nose can be caused by elevated temperature. (See the nearby sidebar,
        “Taking your puppy’s tempera- ture.”) However, weather conditions also
        can lead to dryness or fluctuation in body temperature. If you suspect
        that your puppy has a fever, touch their other body areas without fur
        (belly, paws, or the inside of their ears) or take their tem- perature.
        Did I mention that you have to do it rectally? What fun!
      - >-
        More than 320 breeds are now registered worldwide. These days, being a
        purebred dog is like belonging to an exclusive club: Only dogs with
        similar looks and inter- ests get in. Although most breeds are no longer
        asked to do the work they were developed for, fanciers continually
        devote themselves to breeding and selling puppies that reflect their
        traditions.


        Choosing a specific breed enables you to predict the size, weight, and
        interest of your puppy. Selecting a one-of-a-kind mixed-breed puppy, and
        predicting or discovering the various breeds that combine to create
        them, allows you to make accurate descriptions about their interests and
        energy level as an adult dog.


        When researching a breed, mixed-breed, or designer-mixed-breed, try to
        meet at least three adult dogs of the same breed or mix-breeds. All
        puppies are cute and adorable, but they grow up in the blink of an eye,
        so make sure you like the look and personality of the dog your puppy
        will become.


        Whether you’re considering a purebred, mixed-breed, or
        designer-mixed-breed, take a good, hard look at your lifestyle now and
        project out five to ten years. How might a certain breed’s or mixed
        breed’s interests and energy level play out in your home?
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - cosine_accuracy@1
  - cosine_accuracy@3
  - cosine_accuracy@5
  - cosine_accuracy@10
  - cosine_precision@1
  - cosine_precision@3
  - cosine_precision@5
  - cosine_precision@10
  - cosine_recall@1
  - cosine_recall@3
  - cosine_recall@5
  - cosine_recall@10
  - cosine_ndcg@10
  - cosine_mrr@10
  - cosine_map@100
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
    results:
      - task:
          type: information-retrieval
          name: Information Retrieval
        dataset:
          name: Unknown
          type: unknown
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy@1
            value: 0.6666666666666666
            name: Cosine Accuracy@1
          - type: cosine_accuracy@3
            value: 0.8533333333333334
            name: Cosine Accuracy@3
          - type: cosine_accuracy@5
            value: 0.9266666666666666
            name: Cosine Accuracy@5
          - type: cosine_accuracy@10
            value: 0.96
            name: Cosine Accuracy@10
          - type: cosine_precision@1
            value: 0.6666666666666666
            name: Cosine Precision@1
          - type: cosine_precision@3
            value: 0.2844444444444444
            name: Cosine Precision@3
          - type: cosine_precision@5
            value: 0.1853333333333333
            name: Cosine Precision@5
          - type: cosine_precision@10
            value: 0.09599999999999996
            name: Cosine Precision@10
          - type: cosine_recall@1
            value: 0.6666666666666666
            name: Cosine Recall@1
          - type: cosine_recall@3
            value: 0.8533333333333334
            name: Cosine Recall@3
          - type: cosine_recall@5
            value: 0.9266666666666666
            name: Cosine Recall@5
          - type: cosine_recall@10
            value: 0.96
            name: Cosine Recall@10
          - type: cosine_ndcg@10
            value: 0.8201527661146794
            name: Cosine Ndcg@10
          - type: cosine_mrr@10
            value: 0.7745740740740741
            name: Cosine Mrr@10
          - type: cosine_map@100
            value: 0.7766199861997735
            name: Cosine Map@100

SentenceTransformer based on Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("JTh34/puppy-embed-colab-d23f57a4")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'What should I do if I notice signs of an ear infection in my puppy?',
    'Don’t use cotton swabs or poke into your puppy’s ear canal. You can cause irreparable damage by doing so.\n\n» Prevent water from entering the ear. If you’re bathing your pup, put a cotton ball in the opening ahead of time and wipe the ears out with a dry cotton ball when you’re finished.\n\nEar infections are quite common. Signs of infection include a red or swollen ear, discharge, head shaking, ear itching, or bad odor. If you notice any of these symp- toms, get your puppy to their doctor immediately. Left untreated, infections can cause fever, depression, irritability, and loss of balance. Your veterinarian may prescribe an ointment that you administer at home. Here’s how to use it:\n\n1. Wait until your dog’s a little sleepy. 2. Bring them to the refrigerator and swipe some peanut butter or broth at their eye level.\n\n3. As they’re licking the refrigerator, gently squeeze into their ear canal the amount of ointment specified by your veterinarian.\n\nYou don’t have to know much about the nose, though it is helpful for tipping you off to the fact that your puppy’s not feeling well. A warm nose can be caused by elevated temperature. (See the nearby sidebar, “Taking your puppy’s tempera- ture.”) However, weather conditions also can lead to dryness or fluctuation in body temperature. If you suspect that your puppy has a fever, touch their other body areas without fur (belly, paws, or the inside of their ears) or take their tem- perature. Did I mention that you have to do it rectally? What fun!',
    'More than 320 breeds are now registered worldwide. These days, being a purebred dog is like belonging to an exclusive club: Only dogs with similar looks and inter- ests get in. Although most breeds are no longer asked to do the work they were developed for, fanciers continually devote themselves to breeding and selling puppies that reflect their traditions.\n\nChoosing a specific breed enables you to predict the size, weight, and interest of your puppy. Selecting a one-of-a-kind mixed-breed puppy, and predicting or discovering the various breeds that combine to create them, allows you to make accurate descriptions about their interests and energy level as an adult dog.\n\nWhen researching a breed, mixed-breed, or designer-mixed-breed, try to meet at least three adult dogs of the same breed or mix-breeds. All puppies are cute and adorable, but they grow up in the blink of an eye, so make sure you like the look and personality of the dog your puppy will become.\n\nWhether you’re considering a purebred, mixed-breed, or designer-mixed-breed, take a good, hard look at your lifestyle now and project out five to ten years. How might a certain breed’s or mixed breed’s interests and energy level play out in your home?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.6667
cosine_accuracy@3	0.8533
cosine_accuracy@5	0.9267
cosine_accuracy@10	0.96
cosine_precision@1	0.6667
cosine_precision@3	0.2844
cosine_precision@5	0.1853
cosine_precision@10	0.096
cosine_recall@1	0.6667
cosine_recall@3	0.8533
cosine_recall@5	0.9267
cosine_recall@10	0.96
cosine_ndcg@10	0.8202
cosine_mrr@10	0.7746
cosine_map@100	0.7766

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 700 training samples
• Columns: sentence_0 and sentence_1
• Approximate statistics based on the first 700 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1
  type	string	string
  details	min: 15 tokens mean: 23.47 tokens max: 40 tokens	min: 44 tokens mean: 331.62 tokens max: 512 tokens

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1
  What techniques can I apply to train my puppy to stay calm and still when I approach, similar to how llamas are trained?	are each a process, defined by results. Negative reinforcers can be used effectively to train behavior, and even though aversive stimuli are involved, the process can be relatively benign. Here (with thanks to llama expert Jim Logan) is a nice use of the negative reinforcer with a semidomestic animal, the llama, kept in the United States as pets and elsewhere as pack animals and for their wool. Llamas are timid and shy, like horses. Unless handled a lot when young, they can be hard to approach. So, while operant conditioning with a food reinforcer works splendidly with llamas, if a llama is too skittish to come close enough to a person to take the food, here's what modern llama trainers do. They use a clicker as a signal to tell the llama that what it is doing has earned a reinforcer, but the primary or real reinforcer is the removal of a negative reinforcer, an aversive. In effect, you say to the llama, "Will you stand still if I approach within thirty feet? Yes? Good. I'll click m...
  What are the best ways to socialize my hound puppy with household pets to avoid any chasing instincts?	When these puppies are exercised, directed, and included, no group is more happy-go-lucky and accepting of life’s random chaos. But when they don’t get enough playtime or training, they can be hyperactive and destructive. Even though the loyal and cheerful dogs in the Sporting group have well-earned reputations as patient family pets, they need both mental and physical stimulation. They can’t cope with long hours of isolation; coupled with a lack of exercise, this isolation fuels anxiety. An unhappy Sporting dog is destructive, hyperactive, and impulsive. This isn’t a good mix — especially for your couch and end table. The dogs in the Hound group are a happy lot with a 1-track mind; their fascination with hunting propels them through life and allows them plenty of opportunity for employment. Though you may have no interest in hunting a fox, chasing deer, or treeing a raccoon, your hound puppy probably will. Originally teamed in pairs or packs, each hound was prized for their instinc...
  What are the top five dog breeds recommended for first-time owners, and what makes them suitable for beginners?	Now don’t get me wrong, I’m not trying to put you off. I love dogs, and I think everyone can benefit from having one in their life. If you’re still unsure which breed is right for you, let me suggest a few that I think make brilliant first dogs. Every trainer and dog lover will tell you something different about what breeds are best for you. At the end of the day, it’s your choice. But these are my top five dogs for a first-time owner. I’ve chosen them based on a decade’s experience of working with breeds of all sorts and seeing firsthand some of the common problems among dogs. These five are all typically easygoing, good-natured, smart, and willing to learn. The Rottweiler man in me can observe occasional “over-friendliness” in these breeds, but that’s not a bad thing for beginners, and basically makes them perfect for the novice trainer. If your heart is set on an American bully, but you’ve never had a dog before, think about having one of these dogs first—you can always grow your family l...

• Loss: MatryoshkaLoss with these parameters:

  {
      "loss": "MultipleNegativesRankingLoss",
      "matryoshka_dims": [
          1024,
          512,
          256,
          128,
          64
      ],
      "matryoshka_weights": [
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1,
          1
      ],
      "n_dims_per_step": -1
  }
  

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• eval_strategy: steps
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• num_train_epochs: 5
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• eval_strategy: steps
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 16
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 16
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 5
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: False
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	cosine_ndcg@10
0.5682	25	0.7986
1.0	44	0.8182
1.1364	50	0.8224
1.7045	75	0.8181
2.0	88	0.8224
2.2727	100	0.8205
2.8409	125	0.8221
3.0	132	0.8235
3.4091	150	0.8205
3.9773	175	0.8178
4.0	176	0.8184
4.5455	200	0.8204
5.0	220	0.8202

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.11.12
• Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
• Transformers: 4.52.2
• PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
• Accelerate: 1.7.0
• Datasets: 2.14.4
• Tokenizers: 0.21.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

MatryoshkaLoss

@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
    title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
    author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2205.13147},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.LG}
}

MultipleNegativesRankingLoss

@misc{henderson2017efficient,
    title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
    author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1705.00652},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}