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<urn:uuid:38ff6875-3b3c-4136-a42b-e69cf4663f52> | Since the COVID-19 is here to be part of our ‘new normal’ for the foreseeable future, in the same breath, our dependence on emerging technologies and their capabilities in re-defining business culture and how we re-organise ourselves on the personal end must not be underestimated.
What is Blockchain ?
‘Blockchain’ refers to a decentralised peer-to-peer network which maintains a ledger of ‘transactions’. A ledger stores information and keeps track of these in a data structure or ‘block’ akin to an Excel spreadsheet. However, unlike the Excel spreadsheet it is not centralized because it does not require a manual input (eg an employee or a software controlled by an institution or company). It is described as decentralized because the information in each ledger is stored in nodes ie thousands of computers connected to a common network through the internet. Each computer or node in the network has identical information about the same transactions.
Blockchain can either be public or private and the distinctiveness of blockchain technology resides in this block system inasmuch as each block includes a reference point (or hash) to the last block. Any attempt to change a block produces a domino effect on each subsequent block. It is the relationship between each block which explains the concept of ‘blockchain’.
In essence, there are 6 key components of the blockchain technology as follows:
|§||Decentralization||The entire database is accessible to members of the blockchain network|
|§||Immutability||Blockchain documents cannot be changed or deleted|
|§||Transparency||The blockchain network cannot be manipulated|
|§||Anonymity||There is anonymity because a user generates an addressed as opposed to a user identification|
|§||Provenance||Every transaction in a ledger can be traced in a blockchain ledger|
|§||Cryptography||Transactions are authentic and accurate because there is computation and cryprographic evidence between the parties|
As to users of a blockchain, each user sees and maintains the same copy of ledger by way of a process known as ‘reaching consensus’ which therefore needs to have a reliable consensus engine in order that a ledger is accurate.
Viewed as a system, blockchain technology consists of components which, when working together, have the ability to solve problems both in industries and in society. When blockchain is public, anyone can participate. However, when blockchain is private, only authorized participants are entitled to accede to and add transactions to a ledger.
Blockchain and Voting?
Viewed on a larger scale, voting through blockchain offers the potential of preserving electoral integrity which lies at the heart of any electoral system and enables a government address the perpetual issue of voter absenteeism during elections when because voters were too busy, out of town, had registration issues or transportation issues. Other benefits of blockchain voting when well implemented are data protection, checking outcome of polling and saving costs of organization making the system legitimate, accurate, safe and convenient.
Voting through blockchain technology would be achieved through smart technology and would take place via an encrypted data which is open and stored publicly on a distributed blockchain network. Through the concept of consensus, each encrypted vote is validated with the effect that the public records each vote on distributed copies of the blockchain ledger which cannot be erased, altered or manipulated. Whilst it would be possible to add one vote at a time, deletion of any vote is impossible at any given point in time. Since blockchain is transparent and publicly available, anyone may inspect it even those who do not have voting rights. The Government then observes how votes are cast and recorded. Furthermore, by operation of the decentralized feature of blockchain, voters are protected because nobody knows who voted whom but instead it is the number of votes which may be counted. As to the voter, each one receives a voting key when registering such that each voter has the opportunity to make only one change on the ledger (ie his vote) after which the key becomes obsolete and cannot be used again.
As of now while the State of Virginia, USA, adopted electronic voting in 2018, there is none in respect of a Government which has applied blockchain technology for voting despite the conclusions of the OECD Working Papers on Public Governance on the use of blockchain technology in the public sector that Governments are already aware of the promising results of using blockchain based solutions.
Admittedly, as a novel concept, it is not anticipated that when implemented, blockchain-based voting will be free from hacking as skilled intruders could still defeat the blockchain technology and breach the voting system and jeopardise the entire election process. However, as our use of technology increases and digital technology is increasingly used in our global ecosystem, the setting up of a voting blockchain technology in the next decade or earlier must not be lightly dismissed. | {
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<urn:uuid:50bdbe7a-99a1-4ec4-8318-9a3ba2c614e8> | For most people, swimming, whether recreational or competitive, is a safe, efficient form of exercise. Swimming provides a low-impact, supported workout, which builds your cardiovascular fitness, endurance and muscle strength, as well as maintaining your weight at the right level.
Nevertheless, the repetitive nature of the swimming stroke can cause musculoskeletal injuries, most commonly in the shoulder, back and knee, caused not by trauma, but by simple overuse. As with any injury, prevention is better than cure when it comes to swimming injuries, so we’ve highlighted the most common injuries and explained how physiotherapy can help you to avoid them.
Generally, swimming injuries can be divided into three broad categories – ‘swimmers shoulder’, ‘swimmers knee’ and back pain – based on the symptoms they cause.
Swimmers shoulder is a generic term used to describe a variety of musculoskeletal conditions that cause inflammation in the muscles and tendons of the rotator cuff, which provide stability to the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder. Pinching of injured, swollen tendons by the bones of the shoulder joint, technically known as ‘impingement’, is the most common injury in swimmers. Typical symptoms of swimmers’ shoulder include localised pain when you raise your arm, particularly above your head, tenderness in the affected area and a decreased range of movement.
Like swimmers shoulder, so-called swimmers knee is a repetitive, overuse injury, most commonly suffered by breaststroke swimmers. The repetitive nature of the ‘frog kick’ employed in breaststroke can inflame, or tear, the medial collateral ligament on the inside of the knee, causing pain and restricted movement.
Paradoxically, swimming is often suggested as a treatment for back pain, but strokes such as breaststroke and butterfly, which force unnatural arching of the lumber, or lower, spine, can cause or exacerbate back problems. Poor stroke technique or weakness in the muscles of your core, or trunk, causes overcompensation by the muscles of your lower back, leading to spasm and pain.
Injury Prevention & Physiotherapy
A thorough screening and injury prevention programme, supervised by a professional physiotherapist like Paul McLoughlin and his team at Turramurra Physiotherapy, experienced in swimming and with a technical understanding of all four strokes – that is, freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly – can reduce your likelihood of suffering common overuse injuries as a result of swimming.
In the first instance, a Turramurra Sports & Spinal Physiotherapist can provide education and advice on the fundamentals of injury-free swimming, including correct stroke technique, posture and so on, and help you to understand the role the various parts of your body play. For example, hypermobility or hypomobility in your joints and muscles, including in your shoulders, neck, upper and lower back and thighs, can be the cause of joint pain and other symptoms. Swimmers’ shoulder, to name but one, can be the result of muscle imbalances caused by an improper training regime.
Nevertheless, Turramurra Sports & Spinal Physiotherapists can prescribe a variety of exercises to improve your strength in key areas, such as your rotator cuff and shoulder blade muscles, and address the balance. Similarly, Paul McLoughlin and his team can offer a selection of hands-on treatments, including manipulation and soft tissue work, to loosen restricted joints and ‘tight’ muscles, which will not only reduce your likelihood of injury, but also increase your performance as a swimmer. Contact Turramurra Phyiotherapy on 02 9144 1510.
Check out our swimming ebook for more injury advice and performance tips on swimming. | {
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<urn:uuid:1c24003f-8925-42e3-856f-07910edec7a9> | Safety and health inspections conducted periodically are an essential element in the control and elimination of hazards at work sites. While a competent and aware workforce is the best ongoing protection against accidents and injuries, inspections can provide a concentrated focus on overlooked hazards and potential problems.
It is important to make sure that everyone involved in a safety inspection knows why it is being conducted and is clear on the inspection’s objectives. Areas of focus for an inspection could include:
- Ensuring compliance with OSHA or other legal requirements
- Motivating the team to make safety on the job a priority
- Identifying areas of undue risk and high loss potential
- Providing safety training
- Reinforcing past training and skill development
- Identifying and developing positive safety attitudes
- Improving job processes and procedures
Safety inspection checklists can help ensure that important issues and elements are not overlooked. The OSHA’s Small Business Safety and Health Handbook (Manual de Seguridad y Salud para Empresas Pequeñas) provides a fairly comprehensive collection of checklists. Effective checklists should address past problems, industry standards and an organization’s already established safety practices and procedures. While checklists can be very helpful, everyone involved in safety and health inspections should be trained to question all potentially unsafe situations in addition to what is specifically on the checklist.
Conducting periodic safety and health inspections is an effective way to reduce or eliminate workplace hazards, provide safety awareness training and ensure workforce commitment to safe work practices. | {
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<urn:uuid:9b537d6b-d2a8-463b-9b35-26d821a2efd8> | National Public Lands Day
National Public Lands Day (NPLD) is a national annual observance that typically falls on the last Saturday in September. It focuses on volunteer conservation of public lands (lands held by central or local governments).
Organized each year by the National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF), National Public Lands Day promotes the connection between people and the environment by inviting everyone to get outside. Public lands in the United States include parks, forests, and wildlife management areas. Most of them are open for recreational use.
The Nations largest volunteer event, the event was first held in 1994 when 700 volunteers worked at three sites. The initiative turned out a huge success and became an annual tradition.
By 2014, participation grew to about 175,000 volunteers at more than 2,000 sites throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. NPLD focuses on caring for public lands across the country, educating the citizens about the natural resources and environment. Whether it be from damage caused by natural disasters and extreme weather, human activities or the host of other factors that impact upon our public lands threatening the health and well being of the people and wildlife who depend upon them, public land managers, volunteers, and others who steward these special places work tirelessly to restore these areas, make them more resilient to future threats, and ensure that people and wildlife continue to enjoy them for years to come.
It is supported by federal agencies, state, regional and local governments, and non-profit organizations. NPLD volunteers collect invasive plants, build and maintain trails, plant trees, shrubs and other plants, remove trash from trails and other places. They also donate money through volunteer services to help improve public land sites.
Free for all to attend and volunteers welcomed, what a fantastic opportunity to get outdoors, breathe in the fresh air, enjoy the scenery and even volunteer! | {
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<urn:uuid:9f1ddf4e-92e6-4fe0-ac5c-bf2354f03faa> | FPC is mainly used in many products such as mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, digital cameras, LCMS, etc. here are some common terms of FPC.
1. Access hole (through hole, bottom hole)
It often refers to the coverlay (through hole to be punched out first) on the surface of the flexible board, which is used to fit on the circuit surface of the flexible board as the anti welding film. However, the hole ring hole wall or square welding pad required for welding must be deliberately exposed to facilitate the welding of parts. The so-called “access hole” originally means that the surface layer has a through hole, so that the outside world can “approach” the plate solder joint under the surface protective layer. Some multilayer boards also have such exposed holes.
2. Acrylic acrylic
It is commonly known as polyacrylic acid resin. Most flexible boards use its film as the next film.
3. Adhesive adhesive or adhesive
A substance, such as resin or coating, that enables two interfaces to complete bonding.
4. Anchorage spurs claw
On the middle plate or single panel, in order to make the hole ring welding pad have stronger adhesion on the plate surface, several fingers can be attached to the excess space outside the hole ring to make the hole ring more consolidated, so as to reduce the possibility of floating from the plate surface.
As one of the characteristics of dynamic flex board, for example, the quality of the flexible board connected to the print heads of computer disk drives shall reach the “bending test” of one billion times.
6. Bonding layer bonding layer
It usually refers to the adhesive layer between the copper sheet and the polyimide (PI) substrate of the film layer of multilayer board, or TAB tape, or the plate of flexible board.
7. Coverlay / cover coat
For the outer circuit of the flexible board, the green paint used for the hard board is not easy to be used for anti welding, because it may fall off during bending. It is necessary to use a soft “acrylic” layer laminated on the board surface, which can not only be used as anti welding film, but also protect the outer circuit, and enhance the resistance and durability of the soft board. This special “outer film” is specially called surface protective layer or protective layer.
8. Dynamic flex (FPC) flexible board
It refers to the flexible circuit board that needs to be used for continuous movement, such as the flexible board in the read-write head of disk drive. In addition, there is a “static FPC”, which refers to the flexible board that no longer acts after it is properly assembled.
9. Film adhesive
It refers to the dry laminated bonding layer, which can include the film of reinforcing fiber cloth, or the thin layer of adhesive material without reinforcing material, such as the bonding layer of FPC.
10. Flexible printed circuit, FPC flexible board
It is a special circuit board, which can change the shape of three-dimensional space during downstream assembly. Its substrate is flexible polyimide (PI) or polyester (PE). Like the hard board, the soft board can make plated through holes or surface adhesive pads for through hole insertion or surface adhesive installation. The board surface can also be attached with a soft cover layer for protection and anti welding purposes, or printed with a soft anti welding green paint.
11. Flexure failure
The material (plate) is broken or damaged due to repeated bending and bending, which is called flexible failure.
12. Kapton polyamide soft material
This is the trade name of DuPont’s products. It is a kind of “polyimide” sheet insulating soft material. After pasting calendered copper foil or electroplated copper foil, it can be made into the base material of flexible plate (FPC).
13. Membrane switch
With transparent Mylar film as the carrier, silver paste (silver paste or silver paste) is printed on thick film circuit by screen printing method, and then combined with hollowed gasket and protruding panel or PCB to become a “touch” switch or keyboard. This small “key” device is commonly used in hand-held calculators, electronic dictionaries, and remote controls of some household appliances. It is called “membrane switch”.
14. Polyester films
Referred to as PET sheet, the common product of DuPont is Mylar films, which is a material with good electrical resistance. In the circuit board industry, the transparent protective layer on the imaging dry film surface and the solder proof coverlay on the FPC surface are PET films, and they can also be used as the substrate of silver paste printed film circuit. In other industries, they can also be used as the insulating layer of cables, transformers, coils or tubular storage of multiple ICs.
15. Polyimide (PI) polyamide
It is an excellent resin polymerized by bismaleimide and aromaticdiamine. It is known as kerimid 601, a powdery resin product launched by French “Rhone Poulenc” company. DuPont made it into a sheet called Kapton. This pi plate has excellent heat resistance and electrical resistance. It is not only an important raw material for FPC and tab, but also an important plate for military hard board and supercomputer motherboard. The mainland translation of this material is “polyamide”.
16. Reel to reel interlocking operation
Some electronic parts and components can be produced by the retraction and retraction process of reel (disc), such as tab, lead frame of IC, some flexible boards (FPC), etc. the convenience of retraction and retraction of reel can be used to complete their online automatic operation, so as to save the time and labor cost of single piece operation. | {
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<urn:uuid:7e81ddfd-44c8-4d5b-b2f6-3c11582bac0b> | 6 Ways To Promote Active Aging
The International Council of Active Aging (ICAA) hosts an annual weeklong campaign promoting healthy aging. Active Aging Week (AAW) is held on the first full week of October each year. Communities around the world use this week as an opportunity to educate residents and host activities on the various dimensions of wellness.
What is Active Aging?
Active aging provides programs, places, and environments that support individuals to take an active role in their health and wellness. Research has shown active lifestyles can decrease challenges associated with population aging while increasing opportunities.
According to ICAA, active aging promotes the vision of all individuals regardless of age, socioeconomic status or health fully engaging in life within all seven dimensions of wellness: emotional, intellectual, physical, vocational, social, spiritual, and environmental.
The seven dimensions of wellness are the key to living a purpose-filled and engaged life. Each dimension overlaps and coordinates with each other to provide a well-rounded living experience.
The emotional dimension is focused on creating balance, coping with challenges, and behaving appropriately. Emotional wellness can be encouraged through peer counseling, stress management, humor/laughter, and personal histories.
Engaging in activities that are intellectually stimulating and providing creative outlets of expression are proven approaches to keeping minds alert and interested. There are many ways to promote healthy cognitive aging, including taking college courses, journaling, painting, and playing games or doing puzzles.
As older adults begin to lose their ability to live independently, physical wellness can be encouraged to help them gain a sense of control and freedom. Educate residents on the benefits of healthy lifestyle choices that can maintain or improve health and functional ability. Topics such as engaging in physical activity, maintaining proper nutrition by choosing healthy foods and getting adequate calories, getting enough sleep, managing stress, limiting alcohol intake, not smoking, making appointments for check-ups, and following medical recommendations are great places to start.
Residents can often be a wealth of untapped potential. As older adults age out of the workforce, they lose the personal satisfaction their skills and experience gave them. Offer ways to maintain or improve resident skills and provide a program for them to help others. Older adults can feel more fulfilled when they are able to contribute to society.
Aging can feel isolating when social wellness declines. Interactions with family, friends, neighbors and chosen peer groups can be valuable for resident health. Personal connections made through joining clubs, email pen pals, visiting friends and family, and engaging in intergenerational experiences can be beneficial for maintaining social wellness and good health.
Spiritual wellness refers to living with meaning and purpose in life, guided by personal values, and cultivating a connection to the larger world. Group and individual faith-based activities, personal meditation, mindful exercise (yoga, tai chi) and experiencing nature can create the opportunity for spiritual growth.
Find ways to incorporate natural environments to maintain this wellness dimension. Encourage active living through urban and property designs emphasizing walking paths, meditation, gardens and similar options.
Active Aging Week Ideas:
Active Aging Week can be celebrated by anyone but is often celebrated by assisted living and long- term care communities as well as many fitness groups, libraries, and local organizations. Join in on the celebration by participating in these activities.
While there is no “secret to longevity,” experts recommend incorporating daily physical activity into a healthy lifestyle to achieve a long, fulfilling life. Group activities are a fun way to get your residents active. Low impact activities such as walking, yoga, and aerobics are great ways to get the body moving. Some organizations even host online classes giving people the opportunity to participate virtually.
Promote Support Groups
Aging can be an emotional process. Not only have residents had to move from their homes, but many have also experienced grief, memory loss, various health conditions, and other major lifestyle changes. Promoting support groups give residents the opportunity to process their emotions, connect with others, and find healthy ways to navigate their new circumstances.
Offer Educational Opportunities
Continued education is not just for career professionals. No matter how old we are, we can always continue to learn and grow. Learning new things be exciting and fun, while also improving brain function and prevent cognitive decline. Try hosting various classes and workshops, such as dancing, cooking, gardening, and painting, that allow residents to improve their skills and give them the opportunity to try something new.
Host Meditation Workshops
While it may be a new concept for many, meditation has been practiced for thousands of years. Meditation clears the mind of daily stressors, lowers blood pressure, improves focus, and some studies have even shown it can enhance short and long-term memory. There is an abundance of online videos to play for guided meditations, but even closing your eyes and focusing on your breath for a few moments can be very effective.
Provide Creative Outlets
Creative pursuits such as storytelling can get more residents involved than activities that may require more skill or supervision. Regardless of their background, each resident has a unique story to tell. Sharing these stories can help spark their memory while allowing them to reminisce in their nostalgia. It also gives them the opportunity to connect with other residents. If families and friends can participate, even better! It is a great reminder to everyone of all the wonderful things life has to offer.
Encourage Goal Setting
After living a long, fulfilling life many seniors may think they’ve accomplished all they can, but it is important to encourage them to keep working towards something new. Goal setting can bring a sense of purpose to each day, allowing them to grow, and motivating them to continue to reach to new heights. Taking the time to set attainable goals with each resident on a regular basis will surely contribute to a happy, healthy life.
Getting older can be intimidating but by nurturing good health through each of the wellness dimensions you will be able to build a supportive community that encourages each member to take an active role in their aging. Active Aging Week reminds each of us to be proactive in our health and live a purpose-filled and engaged life.
Request a demo to learn more about ECP and to receive a personalized demonstration. | {
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<urn:uuid:ca75e7e8-858c-4540-b21f-1ec869e5a08c> | In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, privacy has become a critical concern for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. With the proliferation of technology and the increasing amount of personal data being collected, stored, and shared, protecting privacy has become more challenging than ever before. Privacy encompasses the right of individuals to control their personal information and decide how it is collected, used, and shared. Let’s explore the importance of privacy in the technology realm, key considerations for protecting privacy, and the evolving landscape of privacy protection.
The Importance of Privacy in the Digital Age
- Personal Autonomy: Privacy is fundamental to personal autonomy and individual freedom. It allows individuals to control their personal information and make informed choices about its use, thereby maintaining a sense of self-determination.
- Trust and Confidence: Privacy is essential for building trust and confidence in the digital ecosystem. When individuals trust that their personal information will be handled responsibly and securely, they are more likely to engage in online activities, share information, and participate in the digital economy.
- Protection from Harm: Privacy plays a crucial role in protecting individuals from harm, such as identity theft, fraud, stalking, and discrimination. By safeguarding personal information, privacy measures can mitigate the risks associated with the misuse or unauthorized access to sensitive data.
- Ethical Considerations: Respecting privacy aligns with ethical principles and values. It recognizes the inherent dignity and worth of individuals and promotes the fair and just treatment of personal information.
Key Considerations for Protecting Privacy
- Data Minimization: Collect and retain only the minimum amount of personal data necessary to fulfill specific purposes. Limiting data collection reduces the risk of unauthorized access, minimizes the impact of a potential breach, and respects individuals’ privacy rights.
- Informed Consent: Obtain individuals’ informed consent before collecting and using their personal information. Ensure that individuals understand how their data will be used, the purpose of data collection, and any potential sharing or disclosure of information to third parties.
- Security Measures: Implement robust security measures to protect personal data from unauthorized access, disclosure, or alteration. This includes encryption, secure storage practices, regular system updates, and adherence to best practices in data security.
- Transparency: Provide clear and concise privacy policies and notices that explain how personal information is collected, used, and shared. Transparency builds trust with individuals and helps them make informed decisions regarding the use of their personal data.
- User Control and Preferences: Offer individuals meaningful choices and controls over the collection, use, and sharing of their personal information. This includes giving users the ability to modify privacy settings, opt out of certain data uses, and manage their preferences regarding marketing communications.
- Data Protection Regulations: Stay informed and comply with applicable data protection regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States. These regulations outline specific requirements for the collection, use, and protection of personal data and provide individuals with certain rights and protections.
The Evolving Landscape of Privacy Protection
- Emerging Technologies: As new technologies emerge, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT), privacy considerations must evolve accordingly. Organizations must proactively address privacy implications and design privacy-enhancing features into their products and services.
- Global Privacy Standards: Privacy regulations are evolving worldwide, with an increasing focus on strengthening individuals’ rights and imposing stricter requirements on organizations. Organizations operating globally must navigate a complex landscape of privacy laws and ensure compliance with the jurisdictions in which they operate.
- Privacy by Design: Privacy by Design is an approach that promotes the integration of privacy considerations into the design and development of technology systems, products, and processes. By embedding privacy from the outset, organizations can proactively address privacy risks and enhance privacy protection.
- Privacy Education and Awareness: Privacy education and awareness initiatives are essential to empower individuals with the knowledge and skills to protect their privacy rights. Educating users about privacy risks, best practices, and their rights empowers them to make informed decisions and take necessary precautions to safeguard their personal information.
Privacy is a fundamental right that must be protected in the digital age. As technology continues to advance and personal data becomes increasingly valuable, organizations must prioritize privacy considerations to build trust, respect individual autonomy, and protect against potential harm. By implementing data minimization practices, obtaining informed consent, ensuring data security, promoting transparency, and complying with applicable regulations, organizations can foster a privacy-conscious culture and empower individuals to exercise control over their personal information. Embracing privacy as a core principle enables organizations to navigate the digital landscape responsibly and contribute to a more secure and privacy-respecting future. | {
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<urn:uuid:0c2b5cbe-c2df-493c-8d88-8e2105363775> | Let’s start with who is a digital nomad?
A digital nomad is a person who uses technology to work remotely from any location and has the freedom to travel while earning a living. Digital nomads typically rely on laptops, smartphones, and other portable devices to complete their work tasks and communicate with clients or colleagues from anywhere with an internet connection. They may work as freelancers, entrepreneurs, or employees of companies that allow remote work. Digital nomads often embrace a minimalist lifestyle, traveling light and working from co-working spaces, cafes, or their accommodations.
What do digital nomads do for work?
Digital nomads can have a variety of jobs that can be done remotely using a computer and an internet connection. Some common types of jobs that digital nomads have include:
- Freelance writing, editing, and proofreading
- Web design, development, and programming
- Online marketing and social media management
- Graphic design and digital art
- Virtual assistance and customer service
- Language tutoring and translation
- Online teaching and coaching
- Photography and videography
- E-commerce and dropshipping
- App and software development
There are many other jobs that can be done remotely, and digital nomads often find ways to adapt their skills and expertise to fit the needs of the online marketplace. The key is to have a skill or service that can be delivered through a computer and an internet connection.
How much do digital nomads earn?
The income of digital nomads can vary widely depending on several factors, including their skills, experience, industry, location, and the type of work they do. Generally, digital nomads can earn as much as or more than traditional office-based workers, but this depends on a range of factors.
Some digital nomads work as freelancers or independent contractors and may charge hourly or project-based rates. The rates can vary widely depending on the industry, level of expertise, and location of the client. Other digital nomads may work as full-time remote employees of companies, and their salaries will depend on the specific company and job position.
As a general estimate, digital nomads can earn anywhere from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars per month, or even more, depending on their job, level of experience, and location. It’s important to note that the cost of living in the country or region where the digital nomad is based can also affect their earning potential.
Perks of being a digital nomad
There are many perks of being a digital nomad, including:
- Flexibility: Digital nomads have the freedom to choose when and where they work, allowing them to fit work around their lifestyle.
- Travel: Digital nomads can work from anywhere in the world with an internet connection, allowing them to travel and explore new places while working.
- Cost savings: Without a fixed office or work location, digital nomads can save money on rent, commuting, and other office-related expenses.
- Improved work-life balance: Digital nomads can prioritize their work and personal life, allowing them to spend more time with family and friends or pursue hobbies and interests.
- Exposure to different cultures: Traveling and working in different locations exposes digital nomads to new cultures, languages, and ways of life, broadening their perspectives and experiences.
- Professional development: Digital nomads often have the opportunity to work with people from different backgrounds and industries, improving their skills and knowledge.
- Increased creativity: Working in different environments and cultures can stimulate creativity and inspire new ideas and approaches to work.
Overall, being a digital nomad can offer a unique and rewarding lifestyle that provides flexibility, travel opportunities, cost savings, and personal and professional growth. | {
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<urn:uuid:945dd73a-6d98-4106-a573-060c17f9f7e0> | On July 6, 2013, a train hauling two million gallons of crude oil exploded in the Canadian town of Lac-Megantic, killing 47 people. It took two days to put out the fire and devastated the small community.
That catastrophe had its origin in America. For five years, a boom in oil production has been taking place in the Bakkan Shale region of North Dakota. Oil from the Bakkan is transported across the U.S. and Canada by rail to refineries on the coasts – it was one of these trains that derailed in Lac-Megantic.
The sharp increase in domestic oil production has created jobs, decreased economic vulnerability to turmoil in the Middle East, and lowered prices of gasoline and home heating oil.
But there's another side to this story.
In "Boom," a joint investigation by The Weather Channel and InsideClimate News, we explore how the boom in oil has resulted in highly volatile crude oil being sent over aging, often defective rails in vulnerable railcars.
Rail accidents involving oil trains have been on the rise. But industry and regulators have been slow react. Will it take another Lac-Megantic to make America's towns and cities safer?
Click HERE to read the full investigation. | {
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<urn:uuid:416e8eba-9013-44f5-a3a5-350f17023c3a> | How to talk through
worries about COVID-19
with younger children
Some children may feel worried, anxious, or sad about what they’ve heard about COVID-19 through media or overhearing other people talk about it. Having an open and supportive conversation with children can help reduce any worries they have.
Answer questions honestly, and keep your answers child-friendly. Consider using language or examples that are age-appropriate, monitoring how children are reacting throughout the conversation, and being mindful of the types of information that might cause distress (e.g. talking about deaths).
Provide reassurance. Acknowledge children’s concerns and feelings, and remind them that they are less likely to be sick with the virus, and if they do have the virus they will probably experience mild symptoms (e.g. a sore throat). Let children know there are many adults working to keep their family safe: doctors, researchers, government, teachers and cleaners.
Provide a safe space. Share positive stories about this time – about the ways people have helped each other, and the special times children have had with their family while staying at home.
Be mindful of a child’s abilities. Some children may need one-on-one conversations about COVID-19 to check understanding. For example, some children with autism or intellectual disability may need short and concrete answers.
Check-in with parents. Let parents know what was shared, so they can follow up with their child and monitor them at home. | {
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<urn:uuid:3f56f225-7723-464e-865a-13a2490707e4> | Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT)
Pets can be good for our health. They are known to increase a sense of well-being and reduce our stress levels. Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) is an innovative intervention in which an animal becomes a crucial and highly effective part of the treatment process. Animals can give therapists the tools they need to begin and maintain an effective treatment program with solution-focused therapy. AAT can improve a person’s social, emotional, and cognitive functions.
When a client gets unconditional love from an animal they give better responses during therapy.
Having a warm, furry animal to stroke and hug is therapeutic to clients who are not comfortable being touched by people.
Watching a pet jump around and play can be relaxing and fun for even people who don’t like animals.
Receiving unconditional love and affection from an animal can teach clients especially children to develop nurturing skills, which they may not have been able to learn from people.
For seniors, the benefits of a furry companion can be life-changing. Walking a dog is great cardiovascular exercise, but just the simple act of caring for a pet-petting, brushing, feeding-provides both mild activity and a means to stay engaged with the world.
We Work With Special Needs in Our Community
If you or a loved one have one or more of the following diagnoses, you may benefit from AAT:
- Autism/Asperger’s Syndrome
- Substance Abuse
- Attachment Issues
- Trauma/Loss Situations /Grief
- Low Self-Esteem
- Anxiety disorders
- Behavioral/Emotional Concerns
- Depression/Bi-Polar Disorder/Anxiety
- Abuse/Trauma/Pain (Physical, Emotional and/or Mental)
- Social and Relationship Issues
- Eating Disorders
Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP)
(Individual, group, family, and corporate)
What is EAP?
EAP is a collaborative effort between a licensed therapist and a trained horse professional that works with clients and horses to address treatment goals. EAP is considered a short-term or a “brief” approach to therapy because it has a high level of intensity.
EAP is an experiential therapy, which means that participants learn about themselves and others by participating in activities with the horses, and the processing (and discussing) of feelings, behaviors, and patterns. EAP has been compared to therapists using ropes courses, but the primary difference is that EAP has an added advantage of utilizing horses, which are dynamic and powerful living beings.
Not all programs or individuals who use horses for growth and learning use EAGALA-model. Based upon the EAGALA model (Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association) there needs to be a licensed therapist, a highly trained horse professional, and a horse to complete therapy. The focus of EAGALA-model EAP is not based upon riding or horsemanship, but is set up around using ground activities with the horse. At Refuge, the core foundation to the EAGALA model, includes:
The Team Approach – An Equine Specialist, an EAGALA certified Mental Health professional, and horses work together with clients in all EAGALA sessions
Focus on the ground – All EAGALA sessions are on the ground with horses (no mounted work)
Solution-Oriented – The belief that our clients have the best solutions for themselves forms a foundation for the EAGALA approach. Rather than instructing or directing solutions, we allow our clients to experiment, problem-solve, take risks, employ creativity, and find their own solutions that work best for them.
Code of Ethics – EAGALA has a code of ethics, and a standard of professionalism and ethics.
How does EAP help?
EAP benefits the client by presenting an opportunity to build life and social skills that are needed to enhance the client’s life. This is accomplished by the therapist incorporating tools to help the client, such as; non-verbal communication , assertiveness, creative thinking, problem solving, leadership, taking responsibility, team work, relationship building, confidence building, and attitude improving.
Who can benefit?
EAP is a powerful and effective therapeutic approach that has an incredible impact on individuals, youth, families, and groups. Anyone that has mental health or development needs that wants to improve their lives and desires change.
The types of conditions and needs that are served include:
• Behavioral needs
• Substance Abuse
• Chemical Dependency
• Communication needs
• Eating Disorders
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Emotional Disabilities
• Abuse/Neglect issues
• Relationship problems
• Anger Management
Who We Serve
Humans benefit greatly from the companionship of a pet. An animal in the life of a senior can give them new meaning and improve their well-being, so it is important for seniors to have a pet in their living environment.Unfortunately, not many senior living communities are allowed to have their pets with them and that is where Scatter Joy Acres brings our animals in for seniors to interact with.
For seniors, the benefits of a furry companion can be life-changing. Walking a dog is great cardiovascular exercise, but just the simple act of caring for a pet-petting, brushing, feeding-provides both mild activity and a means to stay engaged with the world. Pets can make the elderly feel needed, and that feeling can translate into a greater sense of purpose and self-worth.
During what can be a lonely time of life, the unconditional love of a cherished dog, goat, llama or donkey can be a bridge to more socialization with others, lowered stress, mental stimulation and a renewed interest in life.
Since children naturally identify with animals, we can use interactions with animals to teach children how to behave towards other people. Often when children are abused, they turn their hurt around to abuse others. By teaching empathy and uniting kids with all life, our At-Risk Youth program helps turn these kids from the inner city into protectors instead of abusers.
We believe that our animals are particularly helpful with these children. First, the animals at Scatter Joy Acres all have histories of abuse, neglect, abandonment or worse. Often the children share similar pasts, and hearing the stories of the animals helps them see that change is possible. Second, as they see that the animals are safe here with us, the children begin to open up, as they too feel safe. Finally, we believe that animals, with their unconditional love and non-judgmental attitude, can often reach kids more deeply and effectively than people can. As the children learn to love the animals, they simultaneously learn to love a part of themselves. As they learn to understand the animals, they learn to understand a part of themselves.
Identifying with the animals at Scatter Joy Acres helps the children feel safe. When we explore how our abused animals have learned to forgive and overcome their pasts, the animals become role models helping the children reach their goals of surpassing their pain and reaching for their bright futures. We believe that animals can provide unconditional love, kindness, and a non-judgmental attitude to all. The animals at Scatter Joy Acres have so much love to give back, and we believe they are perfect for people with special needs.
Scatter Joy Acres environment is safe and quiet, giving your special needs group the freedom to be themselves, and the room to explore at their own pace. The animals teach forgiveness, love, trust, and a sense of responsibility, which means a lot too many special needs children.
Veterans are often seen as heroes but are very much an under-served population. Upon returning from combat, many soldiers experience symptoms of mental illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and addictions. A traumatic brain injury (TBI) often occurs with mental illness and it exacerbates symptoms.
Veterans face and increased risk of violence, homelessness, often due to untreated mental illness. The effects of symptoms affect not only the veteran but relationships with others. Even with so many veterans in need of treatment, dew actually receives help for mental illness due to stigma or limited accessibility of resources.The proposed interventions including social learning theory and animal assisted therapy(AAT) as a mean of providing education, changing stereotypes, reducing stigma, and encouraging change from non-judgmental helpers(i.e. animals). With training and treatment it is hoped that veterans’ symptoms will be alleviated and healthier lives can become reality.
We not only work with the Veteran we work with family members as well. The veteran who has returned home is not the same person and children and spouses are also affected by this change.
Contact with animals is educational. Too many urban children miss out on this valuable opportunity.
At Scatter Joy Acres, we have ample opportunities for children to safely interact with a wide variety of animals that are well socialized and engaging.
Whether you come to the ranch or we bring the ranch to your school or daycare, the opportunities are endless. So is the joy.
We offer field trips for groups of all ages from infants to adults. There is something for everyone at Scatter Joy Acres.
Children love meeting our animals. And our animals love meeting them.
All the animals are well socialized with people and love to encounter new friends.
We frequently have baby animals, especially in the spring time.
We have a playground and many fun games, stories and lessons.
The adventure is yours to create. It can be fun and educational. | {
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<urn:uuid:322af663-0169-45a2-8f50-1dcd5a6bc4f6> | - New medical device regulations in Europe could result in a shortage of medical devices for children, the European Academy of Paediatrics and more than 20 other medical associations wrote in a June 27 letter to European Commissioner for Health and Food Safety Stella Kyriakides.
- Reports available to clinicians indicate a “high likelihood of losing significant numbers of essential medical devices,” the groups wrote. “This will result in an avoidable risk of death and serious injury, not as a consequence of unsafe medical devices, but as a consequence of disappearance of devices due to unforeseen effects of the EU MDR.”
- The cost of certification by notified bodies poses a barrier to manufacturers of devices that cater to small groups of patients, such as children or people with rare diseases, and could result in manufacturers withdrawing devices sold in smaller numbers from the EU market, they wrote.
European regulators voted earlier this year to extend the transition period for the Medical Devices Regulation (MDR) to 2027 or 2028, depending on a device’s risk category.
However, the deadline for submitting devices to certification organizations, known as notified bodies, is much sooner. Manufacturers need to submit applications to a notified body by May 2024 and have a contract in place by September 2024 to be able to market their devices.
The cost of this process “forms a critical financial barrier for manufacturers” to introduce, or re-introduce, devices in the EU market, the medical associations warned in a letter. For example, one company with a single device received invoices of 800,000 Euros for a conformity assessment, which would allow it to be on the market for five years, they wrote. By comparison, 510(k) clearance in the U.S. costs roughly 5,000 Euros.
Some types of devices are already facing shortages, the letter writers warned. Balloons used to treat certain congenital heart defects in newborn infants have become unavailable, and shortages have been reported for dialysis machines used to treat young children with end-stage kidney disease.
The groups suggested establishing an EU-wide system to monitor whether specific medical devices are about to disappear from the market and creating a status designation for “pediatric” or “orphan” devices that could result in faster and cheaper conformity assessments.
In the interim, the associations recommended automatically granting permission for continued use of high-risk pediatric or orphan medical devices that have been on the market for at least three years without reported problems. | {
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<urn:uuid:41716a2c-5fe1-4aea-93c9-1afd931be028> | Most medical journals do not have a mechanism for producing well-written evidence-based medicine on a measured monthly basis. Some published articles are poorly written and some have few usable clinical tidbits. The temperament of different editors and editorial boards may vary from seeking sensational content that may be risky and shortly abandoned to publishing only methodical proven science. In fact, some view journals as a place to deposit only vetted and established work for posterity. The AJO, as do many journals, occasionally publishes controversial or novel topics and may provide an editorial to challenge the content, or offers readers the opportunity to challenge content through the correspondence section. In reality, most peer-reviewed journals seek more trust than debate and seek more science than sensationalism or entertainment, although we must sell subscriptions to continue our mission. We recognize that there are other current venues for less strict science reporting and more debating. Publication does not imply editorial support, as some articles in the same issue may have contradictory views. The medical literature, moreover, is a history of many ineffective and potentially dangerous treatments, which ultimately are supplanted by better science. At best, published articles represent provisional truth or a continuation of a hypothesis, and only a few articles survive as applicable information into the next decades.
Readers assume that articles published in peer-reviewed journals are scientifically valid, but there is sufficient evidence to the contrary. Peer review is used specifically to detect errors, but it is not foolproof, even among the best journals. Common errors in articles include poor research methods, misused or incorrect statistical analysis, avoidance of alternate explanations, overgeneralization of results, selective reporting, and fraud, but the most common problems are methodological errors (using the wrong techniques) or study design errors (sometimes deliberately, to create an effect). Altman calls these scandals and attributes them to poor quality control and the publish-or-perish climate. Readers may not understand the methodology and depend on the peer reviewers to sort out errors; readers trust that someone has looked at the data and judged it as scientifically valid. Even randomized controlled trials have considerable errors, despite the costs and important clinical implications. Institutional review boards (IRBs) have a role here in assuring valid studies are set up, but many IRBs do not even have statisticians on their boards and are dealing more intensely with ethical issues than with study design (yet it is unethical to do poor research). To extend this problem further, the published practice guidelines depend on the published literature.
Poor research is the fault of the authors or sponsors, but journals are responsible for the integrity of the peer-reviewed literature. Peer review attempts to expose these errors in manuscripts but is dependent on the few individual reviewers. Many manuscripts are not reviewed by the best in the field, since these experts are frequently overwhelmed and many conserve their time for their own research. Specifically, expert methodological review is difficult to obtain on a consistent basis and an experienced methodologist might even reject most manuscripts submitted. Most journals do not provide an independent statistical analysis of each accepted manuscript, so most are probably admittedly performing inadequate peer review. Authors are always encouraged to publish more complete data as supplemental online content, which many journals now provide, and thus the authors might anticipate and answer some criticisms about their research. Not many take advantage of this added venue to further clarify their research.
The plea here is for readers to assist in postpublication peer review by way of correspondence in an attempt to correct the literature and ensure the accountability of authors and editors. The International Committee of Journal Medical Editors agrees that editors should correct the literature by critical critique of the articles through correspondence and then by publishing corrections or retractions. Correspondence is the hallmark of peer-reviewed journals and also provides interesting and lively information for the journal and its readers. Correspondence can challenge ideas that have gone through the peer-review process, correct mistakes, and initiate a dialogue between researchers and clinicians. In fact, most letters are accepted if they meet the journal guidelines and editors wisely do not usually interject their own opinions or prejudices into the letters. Over the recent 3-year period for the AJO, however, there were only 167 letters received and 118 (71%) were accepted.
The intellectual challenge of preparing a critical evaluation of published research is a valuable exercise, especially for resident or fellowship journal clubs. Indeed, formal letter writing to journals is now used in some medical curricula to teach critical appraisal skills. Better indexing and linkage to the original paper permits easier retrieval and correction of the literature. Unfortunately, the clarifying correspondence might never receive the same due as the original (faulty) research.
Admittedly, journals differ to a great extent in what type of content they permit in letters; some permit original research or case reports in this format. The AJO agrees with Squires and has chosen to have strict criteria for this correspondence section since it is a peer-reviewed journal and therefore should not provide an easy path to publish incomplete data, uncertain or vague hypotheses, case reports with uncertain associations or insufficient new information, and pointless venting or, even worse, social statements unrelated to the specific content of the journal. The correspondence in this journal does not go through rigorous peer review, but the authors of the original article are usually required to reply to the correspondence and the pieces then appear in tandem. Admittedly, the last word usually defaults to the original author. If the authors do not reply to a specific editor’s request, then the readers are notified of this failure to participate or correct.
More specifically, correspondence to the AJO should follow the principles as outlined by Brown: the criticism or correction should relate to an article recently published in the Journal (older content may be challenged but requires more justification); should be written clearly and succinctly; should contain data, facts, or references that support the critique; and should avoid inflammatory comments. Unpublished data or study results and promotion of products should be avoided. The editor may limit duplicative or repetitive correspondence. The issue comes when the correspondence seeks to publish research that has not been peer reviewed, or that has been rejected somewhere else during peer review. If published, it can be cited with seemingly the same validity as a full peer-reviewed article. Weak or incomplete research is worse than no research as it confuses the literature. Correspondence does not usually undergo peer review as the format does not permit a full presentation of the data and discussion of the contrast with existing literature. Some suggest that correspondence should be placed online only for a traditional journal, but the online content is now assuming the role of the final version of a journal and is usually citable. Editors and authors must therefore work diligently to ensure that authors respond fully to important criticism about their work; they frequently do not respond completely to the critical correspondence.
Any content produced by a peer-reviewed journal should be of high quality whether it is an article or a correspondence and whether it is online or in print, as it is now usually citable. There is no shortage of venues for content or opinions in ophthalmology (which is not necessarily a good thing in medicine) and the peer-reviewed journal should be more restrictive/selective. Correspondence regarding articles in the peer-review literature is a neglected form of critical appraisal. Journals need this venue to express critiques, corrections, and alternate opinions, and to shape better knowledge through intellectual challenge. Publication should be the start of the reader peer-review process, since many readers possess the critical skills to provide enhanced knowledge regarding the content or interpretation of studies at hand and can detect faulty data as well as counteract inappropriate spin or propaganda on the part of the original author. | {
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<urn:uuid:890e2066-bcb2-4622-aa54-a977c844b804> | Earlier this week the Census Bureau released the latest national numbers on poverty, income, and health insurance coverage. After years of stubbornly high poverty and stagnant incomes in the wake of the Great Recession, the 2015 data brought some long-overdue good news suggesting the economic recovery is finally starting to reach down the economic ladder.
Nationally, the poor population shrank by 3.5 million, driving the largest single-year decline in the poverty rate since 1999. At the same time, the typical household income increased by more than 5 percent, growing for the first time since 2007 and by the largest margin on record. These gains were largely shared—to varying degrees—across demographic, age, and income groups.
These economic gains were less widely shared across places, however. New local-level poverty data released yesterday (from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey) reveal that in 2015, many communities across the country were still waiting to feel the effects of a six-year-old economic recovery. An analysis of poverty trends within and across the nation’s largest metro areas finds:
- The number of people living in poverty in the nation’s 100 largest metro areas fell by 1.5 million in 2015.
In 2015, 29 million major-metro residents lived below the federal poverty line (e.g., $24,257 for a family of four), down from 30.5 million the year before. That decline helped shave close to a full percentage point off the major-metro poverty rate, which fell from 14.7 to 13.8 percent over that time period.
- Thirty-four of the 100 largest metro areas experienced a decline in their poverty rates in 2015.
That’s more than double the number of regions that registered a significant decrease in their poverty rate in 2014, signaling the broader reach of the recovery in 2015. California and Texas metro areas led the list, with Stockton, Austin, and El Paso posting declines of more than 3 percentage points, followed by Bakersfield and Fresno which both experienced decreases in their poverty rates of more than 2 percentage points in 2015.
In most of the metro areas that saw poverty rates fall (27), the number of people living in poverty also decreased. But for seven Sun Belt metro areas—including regions like Houston, Phoenix, and Orlando, Florida—declines in the poverty rate reflected a fast-growing total population, rather than a shrinking poor population.
Only two of the top 100 metro areas saw poverty continue to grow in 2015. Both the number of poor residents and the poverty rate rose significantly in the Little Rock, Arkansas, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, regions over the course of the year. In the end, the poverty rate registered no significant change in almost two-thirds of the nation’s largest metro areas in 2015 (For detailed data, see the appendix table.)
- The decrease in the poverty rate for black residents was double the major-metro average.
For the 52 metro areas with at least 1 million residents and at least 20,000 black residents, the black poverty rate fell by 1.8 percentage points, double the 0.9-percentage-point decline in the total poverty rate. Hispanic residents experienced similar decreases (1.7 percentage points), while whites posted a much more modest, though still statistically significant, decline (0.4 percentage points). The white poverty rate, however, remained much lower (8.3 percent) than either the Hispanic (21.0 percent) or black (22.8 percent) poverty rate.
The overall decrease in the black poverty rate was largely driven by a small subset of these 52 regions, but more major metro areas posted statistically significant declines in the poverty rate for black residents (16) than for their white (11) or Hispanic (11) populations. Seven metro areas registered decreases in the black poverty rate of 5 percentage points or more. They represent a diverse array of regions from across the country, including Portland, Oregon, and San Jose, California, in the West, Nashville, Tennessee, and Orlando in the South, Minneapolis-St. Paul and Milwaukee in the Midwest, and Hartford, Connecticut, in the Northeast.
Most of the regions delivering gains for black residents were ones that succeeded in bringing down poverty rates overall, but not all fall in that category. Four metro areas saw poverty rates for black residents fall even as rates remained unchanged for the total population and other racial and ethnic groups: Cincinnati, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, and San Jose.
However, not as much overlap exists between the list of regions registering declines in black poverty rates compared to metro areas posting decreases in white or Hispanic poverty rates. Regions posting the largest declines in white poverty rates in 2015 tended to fall in the South, including Birmingham, Alabama; Austin, Texas; Miami; and Atlanta. Southern metro areas also led the list for metro areas with the steepest decreases in their Hispanic poverty rates—including Nashville, Oklahoma City, and Austin—and were joined by Midwestern regions like Indianapolis and Grand Rapids, Michigan.
- More major metro areas registered declines in city poverty rates (24) in 2015 than in suburban poverty rates (5).
The topline numbers suggest that cities fueled much of the major-metro-area progress against poverty in 2015, while the recovery has taken hold somewhat more slowly in the suburbs. Overall, cities and suburbs in the nation’s 100 largest metro areas both experienced declines in their poor populations in 2015 (see chart). Those declines translated into a 1.3-percentage-point decrease in the city poverty rate but a more modest 0.7-percentage-point drop in the suburban poverty rate. As the city poverty rate has ticked down more quickly in recent years, the gap between cities and suburbs has narrowed, although it remains sizeable. Cities in the nation’s largest metro areas posted a poverty rate of 19.6 percent in 2015, compared to 11.2 percent in suburbs. However, suburbs remain home to the majority of the poor population in the top 100 metro areas, with 3.3 million more poor residents than cities.
Many more cities than suburbs in major metro areas saw poverty fall in 2015. Of the top 100 metro areas, 24 posted a significant decline in the poverty rates of their primary cities. That list includes the country’s four largest metro areas (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Dallas), as well as other fast-growing Texas metro areas (San Antonio and Austin) and California’s Inland Empire (Bakersfield and Stockton). And all but two (Boston-Cambridge and Portland, Oregon) of these regions also saw their city poor populations shrink. At the same time, no metro area experienced an increase in its city poverty rate, although the city of Tulsa did register a significant uptick in its poor population.
In contrast, only five regions posted significant declines in their suburban poverty rates. Among those, only three—Atlanta, Birmingham, and Los Angeles—posted decreases in the number of suburban residents living below the poverty line. In Austin and Orlando, the number of suburban poor held steady, but overall population gains led to a drop in the suburban poverty rate. The Little Rock region is the only metro area that saw both its suburban poor population and poverty rate grow in 2015.
- Poverty rates remain above pre-recession levels in most major metro areas.
Even with the progress made against poverty in 2015, most major metro areas are still trying to make up ground lost in the Great Recession. Among the 68 metro areas for which we have comparable data in 2007, 48 posted significantly higher poverty rates in 2015 than before the downturn (only metro Denver’s poverty rate was lower than in 2007). And 59 regions still had more residents living in poverty than before the Great Recession began (none had fewer). Within those 68 regions in 2015, the poverty rate in cities remained 1.8 percentage points higher than in 2007, while the suburban poverty rate registered 2.3 percentage points above its pre-recession level.
These findings underscore that 2015 brought more good economic news than the country has seen in a long time, and real signs of progress in bending the trend lines in the right direction. But the recovery remains highly geographically uneven. Not only is there still work to be done to get the country back to where it was before the housing market collapsed—let alone to its economic peak at the start of the 2000s—but also there are still communities across the country wondering how many years it will take for this recovery to reach them. | {
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<urn:uuid:1359fab5-e1d5-434b-a931-f7efb1cbad5b> | Growing Effects of Climate Change
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also found that human-induced climate change is causing dangerous and widespread disruption of nature and affecting the lives of billions of people around the world. The panel said in its report this year that extreme weather events have caused severe food and water insecurity for millions of people, especially in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, small islands and the Arctic.
in Greenland and the Antarctic Melting ice can show the sight of cataclysm on this earth in the next few decades. The severe floods in Pakistan and the severe drought in China are just a small tableau of this. Even if there is no global warming, it will submerge the areas where millions of people live today. Now everything depends on what humans can do to stop the rising heat. According to the US space agency NASA, the Greenland ice sheet is the most important factor in the rise of oceans on Earth.
The heat in the arctic region is higher than in the rest of the earth It is growing more rapidly. In a new study published in ‘Nature Climate Change’, glaciologists have predicted that future fossil fuel pollution and rising heat will melt 3.3 percent of the volume of the Green Land ice sheet. As a result, the sea level will rise by 27.4 cm. This will change the map of the world. NASA scientists say that by the year 2100, three to four feet of water in the oceans could rise from the melting ice in Greenland alone. That much water would be enough to submerge many parts of the world. its This means that at present the model of rising sea level will be left behind. Even if the heat does not increase, there will be destruction.
These surprising results are also showing the least damage condition, as they do not account for the effect of future heat. According to lead author Jason Bax of the National Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, the climate around Greenland will continue to warm. Today, the reason for increasing the intensity and frequency of floods, droughts, forest fires, storms in tropical areas, etc. There is an increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere coming out of forests and fossil fuels. There is no doubt that heat wave is also a direct effect of global warming.
After record heat in the coldest countries of Europe, China is also going through a period of unprecedented heat and drought. These days, there is a huge crisis of drought in India and its surrounding countries due to heavy rains and less rainfall. Pakistan is in the grip of severe floods. This year, amidst the scorching heat and heat wave in North India, there is a possibility of severe heat in Europe.
The news came China is facing the problem of severe heat this year. It is being told that this year China has experienced the worst heat in sixty-one years. In view of the rapidly rising temperature, people have been advised to stay in their homes. Due to lack of rain there has been a severe drought in many areas. The longest Yangtze River, known as China’s lifeline, has almost dried up. Regarding the increasing impact of climate change, experts are of the opinion that heat wave has become a direct and clear measure of global warming.
United Nations climate The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also found that human-induced climate change is causing dangerous and widespread disruption of nature and affecting the lives of billions of people around the world. The panel said in its report this year that extreme weather events have caused severe food and water insecurity for millions of people, especially in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, small islands and the Arctic. 3.6 billion people are vulnerable to climate change.
The report added to its warning saying That the world faces several inevitable climate threats with a global warming of 1.5°C over the next two decades states that some of the consequences of this rising temperature will be irreversible. Increased heat waves, droughts and floods already exceed the tolerance limits of plants and animals, leading to large-scale mortality in species such as trees and coral. This has underscored the insecurity of food and water for millions of people, especially in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, small islands and the Arctic.
The IPCC report urged that “adapting to climate change requires prompt action, as well as rapid, profound reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.” There is a serious warning about the consequences of inaction. It shows that climate change is a serious and growing threat to our well-being and a healthier planet. Our actions today will determine how people live and how nature responds to rising climate risks. It has been estimated in the report published in ‘Nature Climate Change’ that the rise of sea level can go up to seventy eight centimeters.
In such a situation, a large part of the low-lying areas around the coast will be submerged, as well as floods and storms will increase. Instead of computer models, Bax and his colleagues used two decades of measurements and observational data to try to figure out how much the Greenland ice sheet would change based on the amount of heat it had previously experienced. The upper part of the ice sheet gets snowfall every year. It has to be filled. However, since the 1980s, the region has been suffering from a lack of snow.
More snow melts than the amount of snow received every year. Box says the theory the researchers used was designed to explain changes in the glaciers of the Alps. It is clear from this that if more ice accumulates on the glacier, then the lower part will expand. In the case of Greenland, the lower part is shrinking due to reduced ice, as glaciers adjust themselves to new conditions.do balance. Another IPCC expert, Gerhard Kriner, says the information found is in line with the overall information about sea level from more complex models. However, they do raise questions on whether all this will happen in this century.
According to Kriner, this work gives us an estimate of the long-term impact on the Greenland ice sheet, ie several centuries, but not the least impact of this century. The world averaged 1.2 degree Celsius hot. As a result, the series of heat wave and more strong thunderstorms has increased. Under the Paris climate agreement, the countries of the world have agreed to limit the heat to 2 degrees Celsius. The IPCC, in its report, has said about the effect of increasing heat on the climate that if the increase in heat is limited to two to two and a half degrees, then in this century, the low-lying areas of twenty-five megacities will be affected by it. As of 2010, 1.3 billion people lived in these places.
The writer is Educational Columnist from Malout Punjab
The writer is Former PES-1, Retired Principal, Government Girls Senior Secondary School Mandi Harji Ram Malout Punjab. | {
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<urn:uuid:6996097d-be6e-4bd8-b1e1-a3de3ce56ba7> | Information Possibly Outdated
The information presented on this page was originally released on November 3, 2017. It may not be outdated, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to quote or reference this information in a publication, please check with the Extension specialist or author before proceeding.
New 4-H program helps teach about government
Elected officials recently helped Port Gibson High School students get a better grasp on local government through a new 4-H citizenship program.
The Keys to the Community program helps young people understand how county government operates, what its objectives are, how its actions affect citizens and why it is important to become engaged citizens. It is one of four leadership and citizenship programs offered through the Mississippi State University Extension Service 4-H Youth Development Program.
“In light of everything we see on the news about government now, I wanted to help students understand what their local government does and what their responsibilities are as citizens,” said Monica Beeman, agent with the MSU Extension Service in Claiborne County. “These juniors and seniors will soon be adults, and it’s important for them to understand the processes of their government, how the actions of government impact their lives and what their personal responsibilities are related to government.”
Beeman enlisted several local government officials, including county supervisors, the sheriff, the justice court clerk and the tax assessor, to explain how each office functions in local government. Some municipal officials also spoke to the students.
The sessions were conducted in the students’ government classes once a week for two months. Students took exams at the conclusion of the program to measure their comprehension and retention of the information. Beeman recently held a graduation ceremony for the students who participated.
American government teacher Soloman Williams said the program’s approach is a great way to reach students.
“Having a real person who serves in a particular government role come talk about their job helps drive home what we learn in our textbook,” he said. “Students are able to engage and talk to them and ask questions. At the end of the program, 90 percent of my students comprehended the material better.”
In addition to the exit exam, students wrote letters to Beeman communicating what they learned.
“I got a lot of responses that tell me most of the students did take some new knowledge away from the training,” Beeman said. “Before the program, a lot of them didn’t know who their supervisor or other representatives were. They also realized that keeping up with current events and participating in their local government processes is important.”
Shania Foster, a senior, said she enjoyed the program and learned a lot.
“It’s important to know how local government works and to get involved,” she said. “That is important if we want to better our communities. Having local leaders come and talk to us about what they do made learning about local government it fun.”
To learn about other 4-H programs available in Claiborne County, contact Monica Beeman at 601-437-5011. | {
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<urn:uuid:cac6e3c7-ab10-424b-9ff9-310bdfe00fb7> | In the early 1900s, the Dream of the Rarebit Fiend comic strip conveyed how the spicy cheese dish Welsh rarebit leads to bizarre and disturbing dreams. Today, the perception that foods disturb dreaming persists. But apart from case studies, some exploratory surveys, and a few lab studies on how hunger affects dreaming, there is little empirical evidence addressing this topic. The present study examines three aspects of the food/dreaming relationship; it attempts to: (1) assess the prevalence of the perception of food-dependent dreaming and the types of foods most commonly blamed; (2) determine if perceived food-dependent dreaming is associated with dietary, sleep or motivational factors; and (3) explore whether these factors, independent of food/dreaming perceptions, are associated with reports of vivid and disturbing dreams. Three hundred and ninety six students completed questionnaires evaluating sleep, dreams, and dietary habits and motivations. Items queried whether they had noticed if foods produced bizarre or disturbing dreams and if eating late at night influenced their dreams. The perception of food-dependent dreaming had a prevalence of 17.8%; with dairy products being the most frequently blamed food category (39-44%). Those who perceived food-dependent dreaming differed from others by reporting more frequent and disturbing dreams, poorer sleep, higher coffee intake, and lower Intuitive Eating Scale scores. Reports of disturbing dreams were associated with a pathological constellation of measures that includes poorer sleep, binge-eating, and eating for emotional reasons. Reports of vivid dreams were associated with measures indicative of wellness: better sleep, a healthier diet, and longer times between meals (fasting). Results clarify the relationship between food and dreaming and suggest four explanations for the perception of food-dependent dreaming: (1) food specific effects; (2) food-induced distress; (3) folklore influences, and (4) causal misattributions. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
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<urn:uuid:9c7ec612-5995-4f42-bd5f-9b0a96140149> | In previous communications1 we pointed out that the chief symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy in the rhesus monkey consist in "psychic blindness" (Seelenblindheit) or visual agnosia, strong "oral" tendencies and profound emotional changes. Our results were primarily based on an analysis of the behavioral symptoms of a female rhesus monkey which had been studied for a period of four months following the operations. The type of disturbance analyzed in that case seemed to be similar to the "associative mind blindness" of Lissauer.2 It is true that the diagnosis "agnosia" can be only of practical importance and merely serves to raise a number of questions. A review of the clinical literature indicates that the more carefully a case is studied the more difficult it may be to decide whether there is really an "agnostic" or merely a "visual" defect, that is, whether the variety of "agnostic" symptoms can be
KLÜVER H, BUCY PC. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBES IN MONKEYS. Arch NeurPsych. 1939;42(6):979–1000. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240017001
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<urn:uuid:0fdf5256-d42e-4939-a28f-22359e0c0292> | In the vast tapestry of life, there exists a profound process known as churning—a journey that leads individuals from the depths of ignorance to the radiant light of self-realization and enlightenment. It is a voyage of self-discovery, a path that challenges us to confront the often uncomfortable truths that lie within.
Embracing the Bitter Truth
Churning begins with a pivotal step: acknowledging the existence of emotions such as envy, greed, and anger within ourselves. It's akin to swallowing a bitter potion, for this bitter truth is the cornerstone of self-awareness. It is only by recognizing and accepting these aspects of our being that we embark on a transformative journey.
The Nectar of Wisdom
As we traverse this path, we come to understand that the rewards of churning extend far beyond personal happiness. The insights gained from this inner exploration are meant to contribute to the betterment of the world and the well-being of the entire universe. It's akin to receiving a taste of Amrita, the nectar of immortality. However, the true elixir lies in utilizing these newfound insights wisely, for those who do are destined to partake in the immortal nectar of enlightenment.
Churning: A Social Imperative
From a societal perspective, churning takes on another profound meaning. In times of adversity, when society grapples with difficulties and challenges, its various components must unite and collectively seek solutions. This cooperative effort mirrors the churning process, and it is only by doing so that society can extract treasures that eliminate the negative influences plaguing it.
A Society in Darkness
Conversely, a society that shies away from churning, that avoids the exertion required to confront its issues, will remain ensnared in darkness. Just as the individual journey of self-discovery requires facing uncomfortable truths, so too does societal progress demand the courage to address its challenges head-on.
Churning: The Key to Self-Discovery
In essence, churning is the ultimate introspective process—a voyage that compels us to look within ourselves for answers to life's most profound questions. It is an expedition of the spirit, a relentless quest for self-realization. As we confront our inner turmoil and emerge stronger, we bring light not only to our own lives but also to the world around us.
In the churning process, we find not just answers but transformation, and in this transformation, we discover the true essence of our being. It is through churning that we unlock the profound wisdom that has always resided within us, waiting to illuminate our path to enlightenment. | {
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<urn:uuid:05a6354b-db9c-4c02-ac0f-cf7b077de089> | Activity Dollar Tray
Bills and coins to play and have fun. This toy helps to identify and understand money values, acquiring the skill of valuing objects. It practices arithmetic. Allows money to be counted and organized in its segmented tray.
In addition to this, with our miniland teach&play educational platform you can combine this product with free resources and games to broaden the educational experience.
1 tray, 12 activity sheets, 28 plastic bills, 24 coins, 2 credit cards, 1 adhesives sheet, & 1 brochure.
|Product name||Activity Dollar Tray|
|Recommended age||5-9 years|
|Width in inches||11|
|Height in inches||15|
|Teach&Play||$ Pair game, Buy with $ coins, Place the $ notes in its pile|
|Warnings||Small Parts. Not for < 3 years,|
|Multiple intelligences||Social Engagement|
|Featured intelligence||Logical Thinking & Math|
|Core Skills||Adaptability, Financial Literacy, Imaginative & Role Play, Numberacy & Counting| | {
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<urn:uuid:6a6add22-13c6-488a-8373-e168759ef701> | Main Essay Introduction
Eight things the main macro essay explains.
Six items of difference from present macroeconomics.
September 2, 2021
The new macro more effectively explains:
- How the “fundamental monetary constraint” easily explains what causes recessions, which all have similar characteristics: lots of (unsold) goods available to sell with weak demand for purchasing such goods. Some economic participants have plenty of money while others simultaneously lack sufficient money to purchase goods and who also experience high unemployment.
- How the “fundamental monetary constraint” produces a high amount of “credit” (money) supply simultaneously with many customers for that credit. This explains the easy growth of both public and private debt.
- Why the worst recessions/depressions occur when interest rates get stuck low because of wealth inequality—as likely happened in 1930 and is happening now after 2010.
- Why a little inflation is common and “normal” and is necessary to tamp down wealth extremes in an economy.
- Why “successful” economies easily develop greater wealth inequality over time. How such wealth inequality when it becomes extreme can ruin economies.
- Although debt as compared to GDP has for some historical periods has gone down, it explains why private and public nominal debt virtually always rise (very rarely falls) over time.
- How the 1929 stock market crash started the depression, which differs from most economists who believe that the crash was not causal, but coincident with it.
- Why low interest rates cause low velocity and therefore low GDP
Aspects of the economy that are described differently from traditional macroeconomics:
- Present macro assumes one agent—who represents all the participants at once. That obscures differences in income and wealth that exist among people in an actual economy. Some even discount the significance of debt, saying “we owe it to ourselves,” which is certainly true when there is only one agent that owes money to itself .
- When discussing economic supply and demand, “demand” is often tacitly assumed to be “desire” or “want” or even “animal spirits.” The present analysis explains how the “fundamental constraint of money” is also important to understand as having high influence on demand in an economy.
- This macroeconomics recognizes that although holding cash, loanable funds, stocks and physical assets are all ways of “saving,” each has quite different macroeconomic effects. Saving in these different categories often are not separated when describing effects upon the economy.
- Present macro asserts that Investment must equal Savings. The new analysis does not assume this; one person’s saving can be used for another’s consumption. This claimed equality is often used by “supply siders” to wrongly claim that investment must occur if savings are increased—by tax cuts to the rich in many cases, which nevertheless manage to get saved without “investment” in a meaningful sense that would increase greater productivity.
- Conventional macro makes government special, by showing “taxes” as negative income, and implies “government spending” as special—taxes taking away income, often being perceived as only a negative force to an economy–that taxes should always be reduced. Tax expenditures need to be judged as positive or negative on the same basis as non governmental expenses–is the positive benefit justified by the cost? Government expenditures are particularly effective to increase GDP.
- Monetary velocity is a number that can be defined for an entire economy, but also can be defined separately for every subgroup within that economy. People with high wealth or income have velocities that are lower than others, and thus can reduce GDP for an entire economy. | {
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<urn:uuid:0e6a896b-c046-47bf-a17e-4e81e0b727c8> | Five years of civil war has turned Yemen -- the poorest Arab nation on the Arabian Peninsula -- into the world's worst humanitarian crisis. An estimated 100,000 people have been killed during the conflict.
Yemen is home to 24 million people. About 80 percent of the population depends on food and humanitarian aid to survive.
Yemen's warring groups have welcomed a United Nations call for an immediate end to the conflict. But Middle East experts believe that such calls will not stop the fighting.
A Saudi Arabian-led coalition launched a military offensive against Iranian-supported Houthi rebels five years ago. The coalition’s members wanted to re-establish Yemen’s ousted government, under President Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi.
Rights groups have accused both the Saudi-led forces and the rebels of rights violations against civilians, as well as war crimes.
Yemen expert Helen Lackner says the conflict appears to have no end. She told VOA, "These policymakers, as far as the Yemenis are concerned, are actively promoting the fighting…they don't care one bit about the millions who are suffering."
Lackner added that at the end of 2019, the fighting appeared to be slowing. But two major agreements failed to move forward. The United Nations-supported Stockholm agreement was supposed to end the coalition offensive on the port of Hodeida. The Riyadh agreement was to solve the crisis between Hadi's government and southern separatists supported by the United Arab Emirates.
But Lackner notes there has been a serious increase in fighting since January, especially in Yemen’s south. She adds that a major Houthi offensive also threatens other parts of the country that were once said to be more secure.
Cinzia Bianco is watching events in Yemen for the European Council on Foreign Relations. She told VOA she expects the situation in Yemen to worsen if the Houthis continue their offensive toward the center of Marib province.
Bianco predicts rising tensions in two separate areas: “one...in the north, and the other in the south, along the Red Sea coast.”
Bianco says the Houthis have shown that they are able to continue fighting without support from Iran. She noted the country is currently battling a major coronavirus outbreak.
I’m Jonathan Evans.
Dale Gavlak reported this story for VOA News. Jonathan Evans adapted it for Learning English. George Grow was the editor.
Words in This Story
outbreak – n. a sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
promoting – v. helping something happen, develop or increase | {
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<urn:uuid:11b9cdc8-311a-4ba6-a9b9-b1e80d984e79> | The current population of the Sinai is estimated to be around half a million in Northern Sinai with the highest number of inhabitants residing near the El Arish city area. The local people suffer from poverty, terrorism and natural hazards such as sand storms and flash floods. Successful re-greening of the Sinai promises to bring a much better life for the people in the Sinai.
Re-greening the desert in a sustainable matter is feasible but is definitely not easy, primarily because of the scarcity of available water. However, several successful examples and practical methods of restoration are available. There are a number of principles that will enhance infiltration of water, increase the amount of organic matter in the soil, and create microclimates in well-established poly-cultures.
Fog nets can be used at a higher elevation to harvest fresh water from the air, so-called horizontal rain. 35 kilometres south of the Bardawil Lake is a group of hills on an elevation of 700 metres above sea level and that is perfectly suited for the application of these fog nets. To store the available water, small dykes and dams can be constructed with clayish material coming available from the lake deepening works. The direct benefit will be the mitigation of flash floods in the city of El Arish.
In designated natural areas one can focus on growing vegetation, in other areas restoration can be combined with agricultural activities to become directly beneficial to the local communities. Sustainable grazing methods in combination with agro-forestry and household garden concepts can be applied. Education, understanding and development is key to success to fight poverty and provide a sustainable future.
Design & Research
Are you interested? Have a look at the Ecosystem Restoration Camps Foundation, where practical measures in re-greening are being pioneered. We are also working together with the organic farm of the Habiba community in Nuweiba in the South Sinai on education and training. | {
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<urn:uuid:28f3f845-4377-4f49-a98d-5c0a497b2d64> | The olive oil industry represents one of the most economically essential agri-food sectors. The worldwide olive oil production goes beyond 2.5 million tons each year, with more than 95% of this production being generated in the Mediterranean countries. This industry produces unexploited agronomic residues of more than 20 million m3 of olive mill wastewater (OMW). OMW is typically acidic (pH ~ 4–5) and highly toxic to plants and microbes because of its high phenolic compounds (up to 30 g L−1) content. Hence, OMW is claimed to be one of the most polluting effluents. Several physical, biological, and physicochemical strategies have been proposed to treat OMW. Besides being costly, these techniques cause biodegradation or destruction of the phenolic fraction of OMW, thus resulting in a loss of valuable, functionally active, and exploitable compounds. These polyphenols are essential as natural antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal compounds, and their potential as active components for increasing the tolerance of salt-stressed plants. Soil salinity is one of the global problems that affect approximately 20% of irrigated land, which can cause a fundamental reduction in crop yields. The severe result is translated into causing risks to food security for the escalating world population. Most crops species are not salt-tolerant in soil. The toxic effects, the concentration of salt, and the stress duration are the main factors determining the adverse plant responses to salinity stress. Plants respond to stress by modulating gene expression, which eventually restores cellular homeostasis, detoxifies toxins, and recovery of growth. Consequently, these diverse environmental stresses often activate similar cell signaling pathways and cellular responses, such as the creation of stress proteins, up-regulation of antioxidants, and accumulation of compatible solutes. In this regard, Ascorbic acid (ASA), Jasmonic, and the salicylic acid act as a primary substrate in the cyclic pathway for enzymatic detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, they have emerged as an otent antioxidant and play a key role in plant stress signaling and growth, physiological and biochemical processes. In recent studies (Asli et al. in Sci Total Environ 630:728–737, 2022) have demonstrated that phenolic compounds from OMW (such as hydroxytyrosol) showed a significant increase in the tolerance of the salt-stressed plant. Therefore, OMW may be regarded as an inexpensive source of organic compounds to be recovered because of their ability to be transformed into valuable products in agricultural applications.
|Title of host publication||Springer Water|
|Number of pages||23|
|State||Published - 2023|
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This work was supported by the Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection (project agreement 142-4-1 and 192-3-1). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the ministry. They also thank Dr. Sobhi Basheer for his help. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We would also like to thank the Israeli Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology for their continuous support of the authors.
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
- Olive mill wastewater
- Plant water balance
- Salt stress
- Salt tolerance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Aquatic Science
- Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
- Water Science and Technology
- Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) | {
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<urn:uuid:edf38da9-8c91-4ad7-9a51-69e6640f2ff0> | Geghard Monastery is a very old, medieval monastery, partially carved out of the adjacent mountain, surrounded by cliffs, and it is located in the Kotayk Province, in the central part of the Republic of Armenia.
It is believed that the monastery was founded when Armenia officially accepted Christianity as official religion in 4 century, and it is considered that the monastery was built by Gregory the Illuminator, who baptized the Armenian royal family in 301. At first, the monastery began as a small cave chapel, from which the monastery complex slowly grew to more ornate and massive one, to what we are witnessing today.
The main and most important part of the complex, the main chapel was built in 1215 under the auspices of the brothers Zakare and Ivane, the generals of Queen Tamar of Georgia, who took back most of Armenia from the Turks. From the western entrance, there are small caves, chapels, carvings and constructions on the hillside that can be seen, and right inside the entrance to the compound are ramparts dating back from 12-13 century.
They are protecting three sides of the complex, where the fourth side is protected by cliffs. Every structure within the monastery has a mix of elegant Armenian stonework and carved crosses juxtaposed with bare cave chapels, where the mixture of all of them gives the visitors a feeling that they are transferred to ancient times.
The Katoghike Chapel is certainly one of the most traditional Armenian churches, and the main feature to the monastery. The master plan of the construction for the church follows an equal-armed cross, inscribed in a square and covered with a dome on a square base. There are small barrel-vaulted two-floors chapels with steps protruding from the wall in the corners of the church, whereas the interior is inscribed with recorded donations throughout the years.
In addition to the main chapel, there is a vestry which is known as gavit and it is linked to the main church. There are other additions which enrich the Geghard Monastery, such as the zhamatun, the rock-cut church with spring, the rock-cut church past the zhamatun, the Upper Jhamatun and the Chapel of S. Grigor.
All of them combined together are giving an impressive religious sanctuary which is even more impressive with the stunning views of the Azat River Gorge that surrounds the complex.
Being listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list since 2000, this Armenian treasure is frequently visited by plenty of tourists who would like to get a glimpse of the very rich Armenian history, and to witness the impressive Armenian architectural style which is considered here to be one of the best works in the world. | {
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<urn:uuid:dd98073b-0101-4902-ac65-ad1feb1aad5c> | Flooding in the Central Scotland Area, 18th January 1909
August’s Document of the Month features more records held at the Archives relating to our relationship with local waterways. In this case, we look at the threat our rivers can cause to property and livelihoods when various weather factors occur together. A combination of high winds, high tides and heavy rain resulted in extensive flooding in the Riverside area of Stirling in January 1909. High water levels of the Allan Water and River Teith also led to in flooding in Bridge of Allan, Dunblane, Doune and Callander. There were reports and photographs in all of the local papers and the Council Archives holds several photographs taken by the Burgh Council as part of the assessment of the damage.
The Stirling Burgh Council minutes report the record water levels in various areas of the Town and compensation was paid by the Council to several local businesses for the damage caused by the ingress of water. | {
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<urn:uuid:0bcbd3b3-2492-4ad0-8ec1-0445d30979ec> | Properties of Norite and Nepheline Syenite play an important role in determining the type of rock. Along with Norite vs Nepheline Syenite properties, get to know more about Norite Definition and Nepheline Syenite Definition. For the ease of understanding, the properties of rocks are divided into physical and thermal properties. Rocks have a variety of properties like hardness, color, specific gravity, fracture, cleavage, luster etc. Know all about physical and thermal properties of Norite and Nepheline Syenite.
© 2015-2023. A softUsvista venture! | {
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<urn:uuid:e0ceb8b2-624f-4a29-8234-e41682c2eaba> | Vaccination against COVID-19 reduces the transmission of the virus from one person to another. This is apparent from RIVM research using data from source and contact tracing by the Municipal Public Health Services (GGDs). The research results are published in Eurosurveillance, an open-access medical journal on infectious diseases.
COVID-19 vaccination protects against illness caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, but some people still become infected with the coronavirus even after vaccination. The extent to which vaccinated people could transmit the virus was unclear until now. Previous studies generally demonstrated this connection through indirect evidence. The RIVM study has now revealed that transmission of the virus is significantly lower after vaccination.
Reduced virus transmission after full and partial vaccination
The study showed that people living in the same household as people who were fully vaccinated were 71% less likely to be infected than household members of unvaccinated people. Among people who were infected after partial vaccination (at least 2 weeks after the first jab with the Pfizer, AstraZeneca or Moderna vaccine), 21% fewer household members became infected compared to household members of unvaccinated people.
Vaccinated household members less likely to be infected
The research results also showed that if someone in the household tested positive, fully vaccinated household members of that infected individual were 75% less likely to become infected than unvaccinated household members. This is slightly lower than post-vaccination protection in studies of the whole population, probably because household members of infected individuals are exposed to high levels of virus particles.
Measures remain important in case of infection
The study shows that getting vaccinated not only protects you, but also helps protect others around you. In this context, it is very important to complete the vaccination schedule. If you do get infected even after full vaccination, it is still important to self-isolate to protect the people around you.
Further research on Delta variant
The study was carried out using data from February to the end of May 2021, when the dominant variant of the coronavirus circulating in the Netherlands was the Alpha variant. Over the next few months, RIVM will be monitoring whether the vaccines also offer protection against transmission of the Delta variant. The full article is available on the Eurosurveillance website, Europe’s journal on infectious disease surveillance, epidemiology, prevention and control. | {
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<urn:uuid:b1d933c2-1661-4063-b9b7-c886d0177b07> | A healthy EV market relies on two main factors: the prevalence of electric vehicles (EV) themselves, and the availability of charging infrastructure. Driven by tightening emissions regulations, the number of personal and commercial EVs on the road is already soaring in Europe and North America, with the total EV stock in Europe and North America expected to amount to 90 million by the year 2030.
With EV ownership growing, fast charging infrastructure needs to grow at a similar rate to serve these EVs and support emissions targets. A recent study by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association showed that up to 6.8 million public charging points would be required in Europe by 2030 to reach the proposed 55% CO2 reduction in road traffic.
In the face of accelerating EV ownership, availability of charging infrastructure is currently falling behind the rate of growth of EVs. A combination of government funding and innovative infrastructure from EV charging businesses is needed to boost charging infrastructure availability, to help it become an asset rather than a barrier to the EV revolution.
Building charging infrastructure for all geographies
The distribution of charging infrastructure between geographies is currently very uneven. For example, in the EU there are more than 330,000 publicly accessible charging points, yet 69% of these charging points are located in just three countries – Germany, France and the Netherlands. Meanwhile, 10 EU countries do not have a single charger per 100 km of road. For the EV evolution to truly be successful, access to charging points needs to be even, otherwise travel across Europe will become difficult, and EU climate targets will be hard to achieve.
There is also uneven distribution within countries. Whereas charging availability along busy routes connecting major cities is largely high, access to charging infrastructure in rural areas, and even within cities themselves, is lacking. A low number of EV drivers provides little financial incentive for businesses to invest in these areas, which has created a chicken and egg situation: businesses have no incentive to invest in charging points in places where little EV traffic passes, yet drivers aren’t encouraged to purchase EVs if no charging infrastructure is in place.
In these cases, the only way to break the standstill is government intervention. Government subsidies to incentivize businesses to invest in poorly-covered areas can encourage greater EV usage, and help kick-start the electric transition in struggling areas.
Though government funding is a useful way to advance the EV market in certain areas, it is not enough on its own – innovative charging technology built for the future also has an essential role. Many sites still adopt a traditional EV charging site set-up, offering only one or two plug-in points. While this is sufficient to serve a small number of EVs, it quickly becomes redundant as the market grows. At this stage of the EV evolution, modern charging stations built to grow with the market are needed. That’s where Kempower comes in.
More plugs and more power
At Kempower we have been studying EV drivers’ user experience and trends to help us create solutions for the future market for some time. Guided by market predictions, we build our solutions to overcome the potential barriers to a fast-growing EV market and to grow with the market as it inevitably changes.
Indeed, our research shows that as the EV market grows, charging availability will become increasingly threatened. That’s why we are aiming to offer more plugs and more power. This strategy involves increasing the number of plugs available at charging stations and boosting the power supplied by our chargers where necessary.
We see increasing the number of plugs available to drivers as paramount. A lot of EV drivers’ frustration when it comes to charging availability is related to queue times rather than charging times. By offering a larger number of plugs at a charging site, customers can be guaranteed the satisfaction of being able charge on arrival, vastly improving user experience.
We also ensure availability by offering dynamic charging. Our dynamic charging solution optimizes charging efficiencies when distributing charge to all EVs being charged at any one point. It can also charge at full volume whenever there’s enough grid capacity. This is an effective way of minimizing charging times, ensuring the best possible charging experience for drivers and an optimal revenue stream for charging point operators.
More powerful chargers are another useful way of cutting charging times and increasing availability. Whereas it’s a welcome luxury in the EV passenger car sector, more power is absolutely essential in the growing commercial vehicle market, because of vehicle size. We understand that for professional drivers, time is money, which is why we are focusing on cutting charging times as much as possible for commercial vehicles as part of our ‘more plugs and power’ strategy.
While building more powerful chargers is one way to do this, another method we use is a pre-booking system, which is enabled by our Kempower ChargEye solution. Allowing electric trucks to pre-book chargers eliminates the issues of queue anxiety for truck drivers, giving them extra reassurance that they will reach their destination on time.
Future-proof solutions for a growing market
At Kempower, we recognize that different geographies are at different stages of their EV market development. We also believe that all parts of the globe will embrace the EV transition in the near future. To cater to all needs and stages of the EV transition, we create modular and future-proof chargers.
The modularity of our chargers means they can always be expanded. Site owners can start small, to serve the market they currently have, and be reassured by the knowledge that they can grow their charging offering easily.
Moreover, we are constantly updating our chargers to make them up-to-date for the latest developments in the EV market. These updates can be installed in chargers already out in the field, meaning our customers don’t have to worry about buying new chargers. For example, last year we launched our adaptive voltage charging solution. The solution, which allows chargers to work with EV batteries up to 1000V, can be upgraded into existing chargers thanks to our modular technology.
By building future-proof solutions, we empower site owners to evolve their offerings at pace with the EV market, meaning they don’t have to worry about charging availability at their sites.
Looking forward to a bright a future for the EV revolution
Today, more and more European countries are reaching the crucial 10% threshold of all new cars bought being electric. It won’t be long until the U.S. reaches this point too, triggered by the $7.5 billion investment in basic charging infrastructure recently granted by the Biden administration. With such rapid growth on a global scale, it is important that charging infrastructure grows with the market, to prevent a lack of charging availability becoming a barrier to the imminent EV revolution.
I am confident that, with technological advancements being pioneered by businesses like Kempower and boosted by government support, EV charging infrastructure will continue to develop at a rate which supports our world’s growing EV market. | {
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<urn:uuid:b82df735-7ef0-4308-9451-4fbffd3d0223> | As our color mixing chart fun continues, a question has started to pop up: What is the opposite of blue on the color wheel? The answer is WAY more complicated than I realized, because it turns out that complementary colors depend on which model you’re talking about.
Here is some background before we start this investigation. I am an artist and teacher named Lillie, and I hand-illustrate all of the art in my lessons on this site. Sometimes I even go a little wild with the drawings, as with our recent article on mint green! Ready for today’s tutorial? Let’s go!
In order to answer this question, we need to back up and define a few art vocabulary terms. First, the color wheel (or “colour” wheel, if you’re British) is a diagram in color theory created in 1666 by Sir Isaac Newton in order to organize and chart how colors relate to each other. (Note: In the compliment vs. complement spelling quandary, this is the latter, because it’s about completion.)
Complementary colors are the colors that are directly across from one another on the wheel, and thus provide high contrast when juxtaposed together. But wait — there are MULTIPLE different color wheels now, so there are actually several answers to “What is the opposite of blue?”
The RYB Color Model and Wheel
The traditional color wheel that many of us learned with paints in Kindergarten art class has red, yellow, and blue as the primary colors. These then combine in the wheel to form the secondary colors, orange, green, and purple.
In this color wheel, which I’ve illustrated above, the opposite of blue is orange, because the two sit directly across from one another in the circle. (You may have seen this coming if you already read my article on the opposite of orange.) Indeed, you can see that they sort of “vibrate” and “pop” when placed next to each other — a sign of complementary color contrast.
What is the Opposite of Blue in the RGB Model?
But wait — there’s more! For screens, a different color model is used: the RGB wheel. In this model, the primary colors are red, green, and blue, and they form the secondary colors, magenta (kind of like fuchsia), yellow, and cyan.
In the RGB model, the opposite of blue is yellow. Note: RGB is an “additive” color model, meaning combining all three primary colors makes white — not black, like the subtractive RYB or CMYK models. Let’s check out my illustration of what this looks like, then explore that second one mentioned….
The CMYK Color Model
In the subtractive CMYK color model, which is used in printing, cyan (slightly lighter and greener than azure color), magenta, and yellow are the primary colors, and the secondary colors are red, green, and blue. Because it’s the same colors but flipped primary and secondary, this color wheel produces the same result as the RGB wheel for the opposite of blue: yellow.
It is bizarre to me how different each of the models can be. For example, in the RYB model, blue and yellow aren’t complementary colors — rather, as we learned in “Blue and Yellow Make What Color?” they form green.
Other Meanings of the Inverse of Blue
As an ELA teacher in addition to being an artist, I have to address the fact that the word blue also has a meaning in a common English language idiom that adds a new dimension to our question. “Feeling blue” is figurative language that means feeling sad. Therefore, in this context, the opposite of blue would be happy!
Meanwhile, in the world of gender traditions in the U.S., blue is associated with boys and males, so in this framework (for example, in a gender reveal party), blue would be the opposite of pink: the color associated with girls and females. Isn’t it interesting how science doesn’t actually match with cultural norms?
What is the Opposite of Blue?
Did these different answers to “What is the opposite of blue on a color wheel?” blow your mind? They sure did for me! If you want to take this to next step, check out “What Does Orange and Blue Make When the Colors are Mixed Together?”
Want more? Check out the many interesting answers to the question: “What Colors Make Purple?” Despite being an artist for decades, these “color math” investigations continue to surprise and delight me — and I hope you, too. Happy mixing!
The author and artist, Lillie Marshall, is a National Board Certified Teacher of English who has been a public school educator since 2003, and an experienced Reiki practitioner since 2018. All art on this site is original and hand-drawn by Lillie. She launched DrawingsOf.com Educational Cartoons in 2020, building upon the success of her other sites, AroundTheWorldL.com (established 2009), TeachingTraveling.com (founded 2010), and ReikiColors.com. Subscribe to Lillie’s monthly newsletter, and follow @WorldLillie on social media to stay connected! | {
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<urn:uuid:0bef474a-b525-4c02-ab9c-acdadb0e6d21> | About English Language
According to Wikipedia.org,
English is a West Germanic language and belongs to the Indo-European language family. English is spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is the official language of 53 countries. It is spoken as the first language and is spoken by 400 million people all over the world.
English is the most commonly spoken second language in the world. It is the language used for International communication in all parts of the world. English is spoken to hold communications related to politics, science, media, or art. It is also the language of entertainment and is used for socializing as well. If you have a good command of the English language helps you get more opportunities in life and your career.
About Hausa Language
According to Wikipedia.org, Hausa is a Chadic language and is spoken by the Hausa people. It is spoken mainly within the northern half of Nigeria and the southern half of Niger. The language is spoken by significant minorities in Chad, Benin, and Cameroon. Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family. It is a widely spoken language in the Chadic branch of that family. Ethnologue is spoken as a first language in different parts of the world. It is spoken by 47 million people and is the second language of 25 million people. The total number of Hausa speakers reach up an estimated 72 million. According to the recent estimations, the language Hausa is spoken by 100–150 million people. The Hausa-speaking film industry has gained a lot of popularity. The native speakers of Hausa, are found in Niger, in Northern Nigeria, Northern Cameroon, and Chad. The language is used as a lingua franca. It is spoken by many non-native speakers and is spoken in most of Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger. It is the trade language across all of West Africa, Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo, Chad, and many other parts of the world. | {
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<urn:uuid:a27f8c14-4a55-495a-953a-0a5ca5572f93> | In fashion, we tend to overlook the menswear industry. It doesn’t change as much with the seasons and is all about the details, the fit and the fabrics. For some, it is not as interesting as the womenswear… until now. Menswear has been growing faster than womenswear and is expected to reach $33 billion by 2020. That’s why it is extremely important, as a designer or retailer, to learn about this segment of the industry.
The University of Fashion has recently launched its menswear discipline, so before checking out our lessons, how about taking a trip down memory lane to understand how the menswear industry has evolved?
Men’s fashion was initially functional in purpose. Paleolithic nomads used animal skins as protection from environmental conditions. The Ancient Egyptians provided the first signs that men’s clothing could made the leap from function to fashion. In this period, clothing and accessories began to serve as key symbols of rank and fortune.
Later on, the wealthiest men adopted tunics, and this trend continued with the toga in Ancient Greece and Rome, as well in the Middle Ages. During these periods, the essential item was the fabric, made of the finest materials.
A big shift in menswear followed the American (1775-1783) and French (1789-1799) Revolutions, when fashion became understated and “undress” was the popular opposition to the abundant adornments that defined aristocracy. While men continued to wear the waistcoat, coat and breeches of the previous period for both full dress and undress, they were now made of the same fabric, signaling the birth of the three-piece suit. The early 1800s saw the final abandonment of lace, embroidery and other embellishment from serious men’s clothing and it became gauche to dress like an aristocrat.
In Britain, Beau Brummell, a trendsetter of the time, was credited with introducing and making the modern man’s suit and necktie fashionable. Savile Row, or “The Row” as it is commonly-termed, became the center of traditional bespoke tailoring. This trend led to trousers that are popular in menswear today and have been for the past 200 years. What Paris was to women’s fashion, London was to men’s. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), standardized sizing in men’s clothing introduced the concept of mass-production, with less individual tailoring, and the necktie was introduced by 1880.
During the 1900s, the United States took an even less formal approach to fashion when they introduced the ‘sportswear’ trend. With the invention of the automobile, American fashion landed in England and the dinner jacket, a more leisurely attire, became popular among the younger generations.
Another big American fashion influence at the time was jazz music. A new generation of men were rebelling against the traditions of their fathers and clothing inspired by the Jazz Age was born, consisting of tight-fitting suits. America became the center of the men’s fashion world and modern fashion was here to stay. Blazers became popular for summer wear, the tuxedo was the jacket of the night, and the Zoot suit was popular in the nightclubs of Harlem. The “gangster influence” in suits was also an important trend. Fashion for men became a display of their personality and environment.
Casual Menswear Emerges
By the late 1940s and early 1950s, beginning with the introduction of the Hawaiian shirt, California surfer culture emerged and is ever present in men’s fashion even today. Another 50s trend was the “preppy look,” consisting of clothes worn by men at prep and Ivy League schools, such as button-down shirts, golf shirts, chino pants, and loafers. Other trendsetters in the 1950s included Elvis Presley and the British Teddy Boys. The key to these new fashion trends was comfort with personality, each trend helping to define the ‘tribe’ or subcultures to which a man chose to belong.
The 60s & 70s
The 1960s brought Italian fashion to the forefront. Brands emerged that were able to compete with the bespoke tailors of Saville Row. Still relevant among that group initial group are Brioni, Nino Cerutti and Ermenegildo Zegna.
With the ‘British Invasion’ of the 60s came another important influence, Collarless, cylindrical suits created for the Beatles by Pierre Cardin and Douglas Millings were all the rage and helped usher in the ‘mod look’ and later the ‘psychedelic look.’
By the 1970s, ‘disco style,’ popularized by the movie “Saturday Night Fever” and ‘punk style’ from London, brought a new generation of menswear consumers into the marketplace. The concept of individuality and personality was fundamental to this period and continues today.
The 80s Impact
The 1980s became known as the ‘decade of excess,’ as Baby Boomers and Yuppies placed importance on ‘status’ and ‘luxury.’ In the movie American Gigolo, Giorgio Armani designed relaxed, yet elegant, deconstructed suits that epitomized the sexy, wealthy young man (played by Richard Gere), as the “playboy” of the time. This trend was in contrast to the emergence of streetwear looks associated with the ‘breakdance’ movement, which consisted of sneakers, shoes with thick, elaborately patterned laces and colorful nylon tracksuits.
The 90s Clean & Classic
As a backlash to 80s ‘bad taste,’ the 1990s represented the clean, pared down era, a time when menswear returned to beautifully tailored suits in classic colors, especially those from Helmut Lang, Ermenegildo Zegna, Hugo Boss, Nino Cerutti, Giorgio Armani and Ralph Lauren. The term “metrosexual” was coined by British journalist Mark Simpson as the trait of an urban male of any sexual orientation (usually heterosexual) who has a strong aesthetic sense and spends a great amount of time and money on his appearance and lifestyle. Italian suits were the basis for luxury and high-quality dressing. The Armani suit dressed the businessman throughout the decade until “business casual” took over in the mid-to-late 1990s. Other trends went in and out of fashion during this decade including the grunge look and a return to punk style, although this time known as ‘cyber punk’ and ‘hip-hop style,’ inspired by street culture. In an ironic move, the preppy look made a comeback in the late 90s, closely associated with the Tommy Hilfiger clothing line, which emulated the more expensive preppy look pioneered a decade earlier by Ralph Lauren.
New Millennium – A Look Back & Forward
The new millennium began with a retro influence, a mixture of the best elements of all previous fashion eras. Once the first major American corporation Alcoa sanctioned casual office attire in 1991, it wasn’t long before “casual Friday” was replaced with “casual everyday” as most companies loosened their dress code restrictions, with the exception of the legal and financial professions and those requiring uniforms.
In 2000, designer Hedi Slimane introduced the ‘ultra-skinny silhouette’ at Dior and mainstreamed them later at Saint Laurent – ushering in a seismic shift in the menswear industry.
In 2006, American designer Thom Browne burst onto the menswear stage with his ‘short length suits.’ Sports, performance apparel and the new athleisurewear category, continue to play a major role in men’s clothing.
As designers attempt to blur the lines between men and women’s fashion, such as J.W. Anderson and his ‘shared closet’ concept, the androgynous fashion movement continues to be explored.
With a booming economy bespoke tailoring is enjoying a comeback. New bespoke tailors are gaining popularity, with brands such as Ozwald Boateng (British-Ghanian descent) and Musika Frère (American), whose suits are offered in unusual colors and patterns, and whose client list includes, Jay Z, Michael B. Jordan, Stephen Curry, Kevin Hart and even Beyoncé.
In 2018, John Galiano introduced the world to ‘men’s couture’ with his Artisanal bias cut suits for Maison Margiela.
Today, the top designer menswear brands are truly an international set. Among the top 10 are: Tom Ford (American), Gucci (Italian-Alessandro Michele), Neil Barrett (British), Thom Browne (American), DSquared2 (Canadians -Dean and Dan Caten), Dolce & Gabbana (Italian), Moncler (French), Louis Vuitton (French house-American designer Virgil Abloh), Prada (Italian) and Balmain (French-Olivier Rousteing).
Menswear has certainly evolved, from a rigid, controlled look, to one that is more casual, more personal and more connected to today’s lifestyle. Yes, menswear doesn’t change radically, but its evolution definitely shows that men are using fashion to express who they are now. Men who are freer to be themselves, men who are more comfortable in their own skin, and who are using fashion for self-expression, makes the future of menswear an exciting proposition.
Care to share who are your favorite menswear designer/designers of all time?
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<urn:uuid:c06fa44b-770c-4ce9-9b69-a68a8d5561d9> | The European Union’s new pilot project on loneliness aims to monitor and tackle the increasing lack of “meaningful social interactions”.
At least one in 10 European Union residents is lonely most of the time, a new report on loneliness commissioned by the European Commission has shown.
Some 13 per cent of the EU residents responded feeling lonely most or all of the time in the first EU-wide loneliness survey comprising 25,000 people.
The project was conducted to get an overview of the “epidemic of loneliness” caused due to prolonged lockdowns and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to the report, loneliness is most prevalent in Ireland with approximately 20 per cent reporting feeling lonely.
The lowest levels of loneliness were observed in the Netherlands, Czech Republic, Croatia, and Austria with less than 10 per cent of the surveyed sample.
Prevalence of loneliness in the EU
% of respondents who share feeling lonely most of the time.
People who are lonely all or most of the time, according to the report, are about 20 percentage points more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.
“Loneliness is not just a private and individual issue,” the report said.
“It may impede social cohesion and should be regarded as a social problem and addressed as such”.
Keys to preventing loneliness
Cultural factors play a significant role in loneliness, the report noted, in addition to the events in one’s life.
“Favourable economic situations, as well as the quantity and quality of social interactions, are key when it comes to preventing loneliness,” the report added.
Intense social media use was also associated with increased loneliness and online sites “lack the intimacy and quality of offline interactions”.
It said that loneliness among young respondents was higher than the older ones as major life events have the tendency to disrupt social networks and make anyone susceptible to feeling alone.
The report, however, acknowledged that the consequence of loneliness varies by age and in no way can loneliness among older adults be ignored.
Global surveys in recent years have pointed out European countries like Italy as having some of the highest rates of old age loneliness.
A major challenge in tackling the loneliness problem stems from social stigma and unawareness, the report said, adding 57 per cent of respondents were not aware of the existence of intervention methods and policies. | {
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<urn:uuid:deec675e-b14f-4cc6-9eee-be668387e442> | What's the meaning of the phrase 'Vicious circle'?
A self-perpetuating process which returns to its starting point with no improvement from when it was begun.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Vicious circle'?
A vicious circle was the name given by 18th century logicians for a fallacious proof in this form:
A depends on B
B depends on C
C depends on A
This was alluded to in Edition 3 of The Encyclopedia Britannica, in 1792:
"He runs into what is termed by logicians a vicious circle."
A wider use of the expression was taken up by the medical profession and there are several examples from the early 19th century of it being used to describe conditions where one symptom affects another and the health of the patient steadily deteriorates.
The more general meaning of the phrase refers to any process where one event feeds off another but which seems trapped in a loop and eventually returns to its starting point, with no benefit gained. This imagery was employed in the 18th and 19th centuries to denote the circle of life and death. The emblem of a snake eating its own tail was commonly used in the iconography of Georgian and Victorian cemeteries - as in this example from Sheffield's General Cemetery.
The figurative, that is, not specifically logical or medical, meaning became established in the middle of the century; for example, this piece from Henry James' Notebooks, 1892:
"The whole situation works in a kind of inevitable rotary way - in what would be called a vicious circle."
The term 'vicious spiral' was later coined in the USA to denote a similar process but one which, after proceeding around the loop, ends in a worse position than before. This has been used most often in reference to economics; for example, this piece in The Syracuse Herald in March 1916, headed The Vicious Spiral:
"... we keep on putting up prices, raising wages so that people can pay the prices, raising prices again because people can better afford to pay them."
The converse to 'vicious circle' is 'virtuous circle', referring to a process of positive feedback. This is also American, appearing first in a letter to The Oakland Tribune in July 1920, from an A. S. Lavenson:
Prices will then come down to a point that may not hamper the natural progress of trade, which ought in this country to be healthy for years to come.
We might even be able to replace what has been termed the vicious circle with the virtuous circle.
Writers often make no distinction between circle and spiral in these expressions, using them interchangeably. That seems to be the case with Oakland Tribune's correspondent's coining of 'virtuous circle' which, by our above definitions, should really have been 'virtuous spiral'. | {
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<urn:uuid:2cc2bdac-389d-4694-8657-452e73fdbef9> | The use of snares is becoming rampant throughout Africa and Asia. It’s estimated that over 12 million snares are currently scattered throughout Southeast Asia. They are also commonly found throughout Africa. Snares are simple, noose-like traps that can be made from cheap, easily accessible materials such as wire or rope. They’re easy to set and a single person can place thousands. Snare-inflicted wounds are one of the biggest dangers that lions and other wildlife encounter, with many injuries sometimes even resulting in death.
Wildlife traffickers aren’t the only ones who use snares to trap wildlife—bushmeat poachers often use snares for subsistence hunting. Although hunters are targeting smaller animals, snares are indiscriminate and will injure any animal that comes into contact. Dr. Peter Lindsey, Director of the Lion Recovery Fund, shares his insights on the threats to sustainability and negative effects of snares in a recent article from Mongabay.
Snaring is a difficult problem to stop due to rural families relying on bushmeat poaching to survive. Although rangers successfully collect thousands of snares during their routine patrols, hunters camouflage the snares so well that it can be difficult to spot all of them. Ultimately, behavior change from the hunters will be the most effective solution to stop the spread of snares, but until then, rangers who collect the traps are a key part in protecting wildlife from fatal injuries.
Learn more about the effects of snares here. | {
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<urn:uuid:d35256b9-3d80-4561-ab25-a2a74b531c55> | Canada’s access to information and privacy guardians urge governments to modernize legislation to better protect Canadians
GATINEAU, QC, November 6, 2019 – Information and Privacy Ombudspersons and Commissioners from across Canada are urging their governments to modernize access to information and privacy laws.
In a joint resolution, Canada’s access to information and privacy guardians note that along with its many benefits, the rapid advancement of technologies has had an impact on fundamental democratic principles and human rights, including access to information and privacy. They further point out that Canadians have growing concerns about the use and exploitation of their personal information by both government and private businesses.
“Most Canadian access and privacy laws have not been fundamentally changed since their passage, some more than 35 years ago,” the resolution says. “They have sadly fallen behind the laws of many other countries in the level of privacy protection provided to citizens.”
While there have been legislative advances made in some Canadian jurisdictions, work is still required to ensure modern legislation is in place across the country in order to better protect Canadians.
The resolution notes that privacy and access to information are fundamental to self-determination, democracy and good government. It calls for:
- a legislative framework to ensure the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies
- all public and private sector entities engaged in handling personal information to be subject to privacy laws
- Enforcement powers, such as legislating order-making powers and the power to impose penalties, fines or sanctions
- the right of access should apply to all information held by public entities, regardless of format
Canada’s Information and Privacy Commissioners and Ombudspersons reaffirmed their commitment to collaborate, make recommendations to government, and to continue to study and make public how access and privacy laws impact all Canadians.
- 30 -
For more information:
Manager, Strategic Communications
Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada
Resolution of the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Information and Privacy Commissioners
Charlottetown, PEI, October 1-2, 2019
Privacy and access to information are quasi-constitutional rights that are fundamental to individual self-determination, democracy and good government. New technologies have numerous potential benefits for society but they have impacted fundamental democratic principles and human rights, including privacy, access to information, freedom of expression and electoral processes.
Increasingly, the public is concerned about the use and exploitation of personal information by both governments and private businesses and, in particular, the opaqueness of information handling practices. Security breaches are happening more often and have impacted millions of citizens.
While it is important to acknowledge that there have been legislative advances made in some Canadian jurisdictions, there is still ongoing work required to enhance and establish consistent modernization. Most Canadian access and privacy laws have not been fundamentally changed since their passage, some more than 35 years ago. They have sadly fallen behind the laws of many other countries in the level of privacy protection provided to citizens.
Canada’s Information and Privacy Commissioners call on their respective governments to modernize legislation that strives to meet the following principles:
In terms of privacy:
- All public and private sector entities, including political parties, engaged in collecting, holding, using and disclosing personal information are subject to privacy laws;
- All public and private entities are required to establish and implement privacy management frameworks that include at minimum policies and practices designed to comply with relevant privacy laws and stand ready to demonstrate accountability;
- Transparency requirements to the public are strengthened with respect to privacy practices of public and private entities, including information sharing initiatives;
- Public and private entities are bound to practice data minimization and limited use, and use advanced privacy protection techniques, such as de-identification, whenever possible;
- Privacy impact assessments are mandated for all initiatives that involve personal information. They are a criterion for all public funding of such initiatives;
- Individuals are protected from the intrusive use of technology and ubiquitous surveillance;
- Public and private entities are required to establish appropriate security measures safeguarding personal information they hold;
- Public and private entities are mandated to notify regulators and individuals affected by privacy breaches;
- Individuals have control over their personal information including real choice and meaningful consent, except for specific circumstances included in privacy legislation. Any new exception is limited to circumstances where the societal benefits clearly outweigh the privacy incursions, and is accompanied by prescribed legal conditions that could be used to demonstrate accountability;
- Individuals are able to access and correct any personal information, including information that is inferred or attributed to the individual that is created by a public or private entity;
- Entities are obligated to use verified, up to date and accurate data;
- Digital literacy is part of training and awareness, especially for children;
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are designed, developed and used in respect of fundamental human rights, by ensuring protection of privacy principles such as transparency, accountability, and fairness.
In terms of access to information:
- Coverage of public entities is as broad as possible, particularly when the entities are performing public functions or substantially financed by public funds;
- Duty to document actions and decisions made by public entities is mandatory;
- Access is free or at minimal cost;
- Responses to access requests are timely and the basis for refusals are clearly explained;
- Exceptions to the right of access are limited and subject to a public interest override;
- Information that is in the public interest is proactively disclosed;
- The right of access applies to information held by public entities in any format, including emails, text messages, etc.
With respect to enforcement:
- Individuals have effective means to assert their access and privacy rights and to challenge entities’ compliance with their legislated obligations;
- Effective independent oversight offices are sufficiently funded and can rely on extensive and appropriate enforcement powers adapted to the digital environment, such as the power to conduct own-motion investigations and audits, the power to compel records and witnesses as necessary for reviews and investigations, the power to issue orders, and the power to impose penalties, fines or sanctions;
- Commissioners are consulted on changes to legislation that impact access to information or privacy rights.
Canada’s Information and Privacy Commissioners commit to:
- Engage, collaborate and make recommendations to government, Legislatures and Parliament based on their areas of expertise;
- Continue to study and make public how access and privacy laws impact all Canadians;
- Continue to evaluate innovative privacy and access to information legislation to recommend relevant changes. | {
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<urn:uuid:91b4c77e-7122-4943-9141-c29c0b408b65> | (American, b. 1933)
Gelatin silver print
Paper: 25.4 x 20.3 cm (10 x 8 in.)
Gift of an anonymous donor 2018.1024
Davidson was arrested twice after joining the Freedom Riders in the South as a photographer for the New York Times.
Davidson experienced and documented the Civil Rights protests in the American South from 1961-1965. His photographs of the movement reveal the multi-faceted nature of the fight for change. He documented protests, speeches, marches, all the while pursuing his habitual interest in the everyday lives of these African Americans fighting for equal rights.
The information about this object, including provenance, may not be currently accurate. If you notice a mistake or have additional information about this object, please email [email protected].
To request more information about this object, study images, or bibliography, contact the Ingalls Library Reference Desk.
All images and data available through Open Access can be downloaded for free. For images not available through Open Access, a detail image, or any image with a color bar, request a digital file from Image Services. | {
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<urn:uuid:239da94b-c0aa-40ab-81b1-48bc29cb2aa1> | Concentration of amino acid, ureides, nitrate, ammonium, and other 80% ethanol soluble fraction of soybean organs (μgN/gDW).
The ammonium produced by nitrogen fixation in the bacteroid is rapidly excreted to cytosol of infected cell of soybean nodules and then assimilated into glutamine and glutamic acid, by glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway. Most of the nitrogen is further assimilated into ureides, allantoin, and allantoic acid, via purine synthesis, and they are transported through xylem to the shoots. Nitrate absorbed in the roots is reduced by nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase to ammonia either in the roots or leaves. The ammonia is also assimilated by glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway, and mainly transported by asparagine, and not ureides. The nitrogen transported into leaves is readily utilized for protein synthesis, and then, some of them are decomposed and retransported to roots, apical shoots, and pods via phloem mainly in the form of asparagine.
- amino acid
- nitrogen fixation
- nitrate absorption
1.1. Role of amino acids in plants
Plants are photoautotrophs, and they can synthesize all organic compounds from inorganic materials such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and minerals using light energy. Amino acids are the key metabolites in nitrogen (N) metabolism of higher plants. First, the inorganic N, such as ammonium absorbed in the roots or produced from nitrate reduction, nitrogen fixation, and photorespiration, is initially assimilated into glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) by the glutamine synthetase (GS)/glutamate synthase (GOGAT) pathway. Second, amino acids are the essential components of proteins. Third, amino acids are used for long-distance transport of nitrogen among organs (roots, nodules, stems, leaves, pod, seeds, and apical buds) through xylem or phloem. Fourth, nonprotein amino acids may play a role in protecting plants from feeding damages by animals, insects, or infection by fungi. In this chapter, we would like to review the amino acid metabolism in soybean nodules, roots, leaves, pods, and seeds. In addition, we will introduce the amino acids transport via xylem and phloem among organs.
Soybean plants absorb inorganic N from the roots, and they can fix atmospheric N2 in the nodules associated with soil bacteria rhizobia. Figure 1 shows a model of nutrients and water flow via xylem and phloem in soybean plants. Soybean roots absorb water and nutrients in soil solution, and they are transported to the shoots via xylem vessels by the transpiration and root pressure. The fixed N in nodule is also transported to the shoots via xylem. On the other hand, photoassimilates (mainly sucrose), amino acids (Asn, etc.), and minerals (potassium, etc.) are transported from leaves to the apical buds, roots, nodules, and pods via the phloem by osmotic pressure or protoplasmic streaming.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of radioactivity showing xylem flow (Figure 2A) or phloem flow (Figure 2B) . Figure 2A shows the positron imaging of the distribution of radioactivity in nodulated soybean (T202) after 1 hour of 13NO3− supply to the root medium . All parts of the roots exhibited the highest radioactivity (red), and stems and first trifoliolate leaf were relatively high (yellow). The radioactivity was not observed in the nodules, although they are attached in the roots. Figure 2B shows the positron imaging of distribution of radioactivity in nodulated soybean (cv. Williams). After 11C-labeled CO2 was exposed to the first trifoliolate leaf, and the radioactivity was monitored after 2 hours , the highest radioactivity was shown in the 11CO2-fed leaf (red) and stems (red) with apical bud (red) and root (yellow) and nodules (red). No radioactivity was observed in the primary leaf and other matured leaves. Nodules showed a higher radioactivity than that in the roots.
1.2. Role of amino acids on inorganic nitrogen assimilation
Ammonium ion (NH4+) is first assimilated into glutamine (Gln) combined with glutamic acid (Glu) by the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) consuming one molar of ATP (Figure 3). Then, the amide group of Gln is transferred to an organic acid, 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), by glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in plastids using 2 molar of reduced Feredoxin (Fdred). Previously, NH4+ was considered to be initially assimilated into Glu by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). However, the enzyme GOGAT has been discovered in nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Nitrate is most abundant inorganic nitrogen in upland fields, because NH4+ is readily oxidized to NO3− by nitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions. NO3− is reduced to nitrite (NO2−) by the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) using one molar of NADH or NADPH as a reductant. The NO2− is transported to plastids and further reduced to NH4+ by the enzyme nitrite reductase (NiR) using 6 molar of Fdred.
1.3. Role of amino acids for synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in plants
Protein is a polymer or a complex of polymers of 20 amino acids in higher plants and plays an essential role on metabolism as enzymes, storage proteins, and structure components of the cells. The 20 amino acids consist of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and valine. Enzyme is a kind of protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction in plant cells, and regulation of enzyme synthesis and the activity are essential for maintaining life and growth.
Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are a polymer of purine bases (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidine bases (thiamine, cytosine for DNA, and uracil, cytosine for RNA) with pentose (2-deoxyribose for DNA and ribose for RNA) and phosphate. DNA serves as a template of mRNA, and the mRNA is translated into amino acid sequences of protein. Purine base contains 4 N atoms in a molecule, and they are derived from two glutamines, one aspartic acid, and one glycine. Pyrimidine base contains 2 N atoms in a molecule, and they are derived from one glutamine and one aspartic acid. Amino acids are the precursors of most of N compounds in plants.
1.4. Role of amino acids for nitrogen transport and storage in plants
Amino acids and amides, especially Gln and Asn, are used for N transport through xylem and phloem in many plants. In addition, these amides are used for temporary N storage. Gln and Asn are suitable for N transport and storage, because they have two N atoms in one molecule, and the solubility is high among amino acids.
1.5. Role of amino acids for protecting the plants
In addition to the 20 protein amino acids, over 400 nonprotein amino acids are found in various natural sources, and about 240 of them have been found in plants . 4-Methylene glutamine is a nonprotein amino acid found only in groundnut (
2. Concentrations of free amino acids and soluble N constituents in various parts of soybean plants
In soybean plants, ureides, allantoin, and allantoic acid are mainly used for transport of N in addition to amino acids (Figure 4). Ureides have 4 N and 4 C atoms in a molecule, and it is considered to be more efficient to transport of N than asparagine (2N and 4C) by the view of carbon economy.
Table 1 shows the total amino acid-N, ureides-N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, and others in 80% ethanol soluble fraction of each organ. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic low-molecular-weight compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, ureides, organic acids, and chlorophylls, can be extracted by 80% ethanol. Macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starch remain in the precipitate of 80% ethanol extraction. As shown in Table 1, the total soluble N concentration in root nodules (5460 μgN/gDW) was much higher than that in the roots (714 μgN/gDW). In the shoots, the total soluble N concentration was the highest in seeds (10,170 μgN/gDW for upper part and 7630 μgN/gDW for lower part), followed by pods (3222 μgN/gDW for upper part and 2768 μgN/gDW for lower part), and relatively low in stems (923 μgN/gDW for upper part and 627 μgN/gDW for lower part) and leaves (832 μgN/gDW for upper part and 851 μgN/gDW for lower part). The concentration of total amino acid-N was highest in seeds (1243 µgN/gDW in upper part and 982 µgN/gDW in the lower parts), followed by pods (776 µgN/gDW in upper part and 415 µgN/gDW in the lower parts) and nodules (519 µgN/gDW), and lowest in the leaves (96 µgN/gDW in upper part and 96 µgN/gDW in the lower parts). Comparing nodules and roots, amino acid concentration was about 4 times higher in nodules (519 µgN/gDW) than in roots (147 µgN/gDW). The organs in the upper part were relatively high in total amino acid concentrations compared with the lower parts, and this is due to the upper part was younger than lower part. The ureide-N concentration was 25 times higher in the nodules (483 µgN/gDW) than that in the roots (19 µgN/gDW). In the shoots, ureides are highly accumulated in the pods (1529 μgN/gDW for upper part and 916 μgN/gDW for lower part) compared with leaves and seeds. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium were high in the nodules, but relatively low and constant among other organs.
|Nodules||Roots||Stems (UP)||Stems (LP)||Leaves (UP)||Leaves (LP)||Pods (UP)||Pods (LP)||Seeds (UP)||Seeds (LP)|
|Total amino acid-N||519||147||270||134||96||96||776||415||1243||982|
Table 2 shows the composition of free amino acids in nodules, roots, stems, leaves, pods, and seeds at pod-filling stage . Soybean (cultivar Norin No. 2) seeds were inoculated with
|Amino acids||Nodules||Roots||Stems (UP)||Stems (LP)||Leaves (UP)||Leaves (LP)||Pods (UP)||Pods (LP)||Seeds (UP)||Seeds (LP)|
3. Amino acid metabolism in soybean nodules
Nitrogen is abundant (about 78% in volume) in the atmosphere, but plant itself cannot use the N2 except for symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Symbiotic association by soybean and rhizobia is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing system, and it contributes to soybean seed yield . Figure 5 shows a photograph of nodulated soybean roots cultivated with hydroponics (A) and a model of structure of mature soybean nodule attached to the root (B). Soybean nodules have a spherical form, and they grow up to about 8 mm in diameter. Soybean nodule is classified as a determinate-type nodule, and the cell division and nodule development are completed in early stage of nodule growth. The nodule growth thereafter is mainly due to cell expansion.
Figure 6 shows the scheme of N assimilation in soybean nodules. N2 gas is diffused into central symbiotic region of the nodule and reduced into ammonia by the enzyme “nitrogenase” in the bacteroid, a symbiotic form of rhizobia. Most of ammonia produced by N2 fixation is rapidly excreted into the cytosol through peribacteroid membrane (PBM) of infected cell. Based on the time course experiment with 15N2 feedings in the nodulated intact soybean plants, the ammonia produced by nitrogen fixation is initially assimilated into amide group of Gln with Glu by the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) [16, 17]. Then, Gln and 2-OG produce two moles of Glu by the enzyme glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Some part of Gln is used for purine base synthesis, and uric acid is transported from the infected cells to the adjacent uninfected cells in the central symbiotic region of nodule. Uric acid is catabolized into allantoin and allantoic acid in the uninfected cells and then transported to the shoot through xylem vessels in the roots and stems. A small portion of fixed N was assimilated into alanine and Glu in the bacteroids, but it was not by GS/GOGAT pathway .
A small portion of fixed N is transported as amino acid-like asparagine (Asn) in addition to ureides, but the percentage is about 10–20% of total fixed N. Small amount of ureides is synthesized from NO3− in soybean nodules . Nitrate in culture solution can be absorbed from nodule surface and assimilated in the cortex of the nodules. Nitrate absorbed from lower part of roots has not readily transported to the nodules attached to the upper part of the root system .
4. Amino acid metabolism in soybean roots
Higher plants absorb soil inorganic nitrogen such as ammonium or nitrate from roots. Figure 7 shows the photograph of a nodulated soybean root system (A) and a model of structure of soybean root (B). In a longitudinal direction, there are three regions in root (B): Root cell division occurs in the “apical meristem,” and the cells are differentiated and elongated in the upper “region of elongation.” Then, the root cells mature in the “region of maturation.” There are three parts, epidermis, cortex, and stele, in a cross-section of mature roots. There are two transport pathways, xylem and phloem, in the stele.
Figure 8 shows a model of nutrient flow from soil to xylem vessel in the roots. Nutrients, such as NH4+ and NO3− in soil solution, are absorbed by epidermal cells or root hairs and are transported cell to cell by the symplastic pathway. Nutrients also enter into the free space of the root cortex by the apoplastic pathway and are absorbed by cortical cells. The apoplastic pathway is blocked by a water proof Casparian strip, so the nutrients should be passed through endodermis by a symplastic pathway into stele. Then, the nutrients are released from parenchima cells of stele to the free space in the stele and loaded into the xylem vessel, which is the vertically connected dead cell walls. The nutrients and water are transported from roots to the shoots by transpiration in leaves and root pressure.
Figure 9 shows a model of ammonium and nitrate assimilation in a plant cell. NH4+ is transported into cell cytoplasm by the ammonium transporter, which is located in a plasma membrane. NH4+ is first assimilated into glutamine (Gln) combined with glutamic acid (Glu) by the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS) consuming one molar of ATP. Then, the amide group of Gln is transferred to an organic acid, 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), by glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in plastids using two molar of reduced Feredoxin (Fdred). Various amino acids are synthesized by amino transferases or amino acid metabolism. Amino acids are used for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, etc. Some parts of amino acids are exported outside the cell to transport to the other organs.
Nitrate is most abundant inorganic nitrogen in upland fields under aerobic conditions. NO3− is transported into cell cytoplasm by nitrate transporters on plasmamembrane. Two types of nitrate transporters are present in plants, a high-affinity transport system (HATS) and a low-affinity transport system (LATS). Affinity to nitrate is high in HATS (Km is about 10–100 μM) but low in LATS (Km is over 0.5 mM) . The nitrate uptake is driven by a proton motive force and mediated by 2H+/NO3−symport. By analyzing circulation system of culture solution, the nitrate absorption rate of soybean roots was measured. The kinetics between nitrate concentration versus nitrate absorption rate indicated that soybean root has only one high-affinity nitrate transporter in the roots, which Km was 19 µM. NO3− is reduced to nitrite (NO2−) by the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) using one molar of NADH or NADPH as a reductant. The NO2− is transported to plastids and further reduced to NH4+ by the enzyme nitrite reductase (NiR) using six molars of Fdred. Then, NH4+ is assimilated into Gln by GS located in plastids. Finally, Gln and 2-OG are converted to 2 Glu by the enzyme GOGAT. Soybean roots absorb NO3− not only during day but also during night. The absorption rate in night was about 2/3 compared with that in day time .
In order to compare the assimilation and transport of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium, 15NO3−, 15NO2−, or 15NH4+ was supplied to the nodulated soybean plants . The N from nitrate and ammonium was rapidly absorbed, and 70% of 15N absorbed was distributed in the shoots at 24 hours after 15N treatments. The partitioning of 15N among the organs was similar between 15NO3− and 15NH4+ treatments. However, 15N absorption was low, and most of 15N remained in the roots after 15NO3− treatment.
Figure 10 shows the scheme of N flow from roots and nodules.
5. Amino acid metabolism in soybean stems
Stems support the upright structure of shoots, and they connect among roots, leaves, flowers, and fruits in higher plants. Soybean has a main stem and several lateral stems. The structure of the soybean stem was shown in Figure 11. In the bark of the stem, there are epidermis and cortex including vascular bundles with phloem. In the central woody part of the stem, there are xylem vessels and pith. Xylem sap comes up through xylem vessels in the stem from root xylem vessels via transpiration stream and root pressure. As shown in Figure 12, xylem vessel is not closed pipe, but they have pits on the wall and water and solutes move to the apoplast from xylem vessels and also liquid in apoplast come back to xylem vessels .
Stems play a role in storing nutrients temporary or long term in perennial plants. In soybean, ureides and amino acids can be temporarily stored in the stems, and these compounds are eventually transported to the leaves, pods, and seeds. For analyzing concentrations of nitrogen constituents, such as amino acids, ureides, and nitrate, stem extract and stem fluid collected by centrifugation or xylem bleeding sap were used. Stem extract contains all the extractable compounds in the cells including cytoplasm and vacuoles, apoplast fluid outside of the cells, and xylem sap in xylem vessels. Stem extract contains a large amount of cellular components such as temporary storage N compounds. When the apoplast fluid collected by centrifugation and xylem bleeding sap were compared, the concentrations of nitrate and ureides are relatively same between two fluids, but the concentrations of amino acids are several times higher in apoplast fluid compared with xylem bleeding sap . Therefore, for the estimation of the percentage dependence of nitrogen fixation in total nitrogen assimilation by relative ureide method, we use the xylem bleeding sap from cut basal stump. Ohtake et al. reported that Asn is the major amino acid in soybean xylem sap, and the average N atoms per an amino acid in xylem sap was about 2.0, irrespective of growth stages.
Sometimes, it is not successful for collecting xylem sap, especially when soil is dry or during late growth stage. Herridge and Peoples used a vacuum extracted stem exudate from lower part of the main stem of the cut shoot or hot-water extraction of the stems.
A relative ureide method is a simple and reliable method for estimating the percentage of nitrogen depending on nitrogen fixation (%Ndfa) in a field-grown soybean [27–29]. Figure 13 shows the concept of the simple relative ureide method estimating ratio of N2 fixation and N absorption in the fields. Although a small portion of ureides are transported from nonnodulated soybean grown with nitrate and small portion of amino acids are transported from nodulated soybean without nitrate, we simply estimate the percentage of ureide-N in total N of ureide-N, amide-N plus nitrate-N in root bleeding sap. Takahashi et al. reported the comparison of ureide-N concentration in xylem sap between nodulating and nonnodulating isoline (Figure 14), indicating that ureides concentration is much higher in nodulated soybean compared with nonnodulated soybean at any stage . To confirm the origin of ureides in the stems, two treatments have been done for 8 hours. 15N2 gas was exposed to a group of soybean plants, and 15NO3− was added to the culture solution to another group, and then the ratios of 15N abundance from 15N2/15NO3− in each compounds in stems and nodules were calculated (Figure 15). The ratios in most amino acids in stems were between 0.1 and 0.5, and only ureides showed a high value nearly 10. This indicated that most of ureides in stems are derived from nitrogen fixation and amino acids in stem derived from nitrate absorption . The ratios of ureides and amino acids in the nodules showed about 10.
6. Amino acid metabolism in soybean leaves
Soybean has trifoliolate leaves, in addition to a first pair of green cotyledons, the second pair of primary leaves, and the prophylls . Figure 16 shows the model of soybean leaflet of trifoliolate leaves (A) and the internal structure of soybean leaf tissue (B) . Each leaflet is highly vasculated and as many as six orders of veins have been observed. All vascular bundles in a leaf are collateral, with adaxial xylem and abaxial phloem. The adaxial layer of mature leaflet is the upper epidermis, and the second and third layers are palisade tissue containing chloroplasts. A portion of fourth layer differentiates into veins and the paravenal mesophyll which is flanked by minor vain. The fifth and sixth layers become spongy mesophyll, and the abaxial layer becomes the lower epidermis .
Leaves are the organ of photosynthesis-producing sugar from carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and H2O absorbed from roots. Also, leaves play an important role in N metabolism such as nitrate reduction and amino acid metabolism. The metabolic products in leaves are transported to the roots and apical buds to support their nutrition through phloem vessels. Evapotranspiration of water through stomata or leaf surface helps upward water flow and nutrient transport from root to shoots via xylem vessels. Xylem vessels are dead cell wall, but phloem vessels are living cells. Therefore, when petiole was treated by heat, phloem transport can be blocked (petiole-girdling treatment).
Petioles of upper or lower soybean leaves cultivated with solution culture with 10 mgN-NO3− at 69 days after planting were girdling treatment by hot steam. Then, after 10 hours of 15N2 or 15NO3− treatment, leaf blades are harvested for analysis .
Table 3 shows the concentration of total amino acid, ureides, nitrate, ammonium, and total soluble N in intact and girdled leaves. The ratios of ureides and nitrate were almost 1.0, indicating that the concentrations of these compounds did not change by the petiole girdling. This may be due that all the ureides and nitrate are metabolized in the leaf blades and not retransported via phloem. Table 4 shows the sugar concentration in petiole girdled and intact leaves. The concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in the petiole-girdled leaves are 1.8–3.8 times higher than those in the intact leaves, irrespective of upper or lower leaves. These accumulations of sugars were due to a blockage of phloem transport from leaves to stems. On the other hand, the concentration of amino acids and ammonia (Table 5) increased about 1.5–2.6 times by petiole-girdling treatment, which is similar to the sugar concentration. Among amino acids, Asn was the highest ratio about 9.0 by the petiole-girdling treatment. Most of the other amino acids show the ratios 2–4, but only arginine showed the ratio 0.7 and 1.0 in upper leaves and lower leaves, respectively. Pate et al. reported that asparagine and glutamine are predominant in phloem exudate obtained by phloem bleeding technique from legume fruits.
|Upper leaves||Lower leaves|
|Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio||Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio|
|Total amino acid-N||16||41||2.6||15||34||2.3|
|Upper leaves||Lower leaves|
|Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio||Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio|
|Upper leaves||Lower leaves|
|Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio||Intact leaves||Stem girdling||Ratio|
Figure 17 summarizes the flow of N in soybean leaves. Ureides, nitrate, and Asn transported to the leaf blades via xylem vessels are metabolized in leaves and assimilated into leaf protein. Then, the degradation products of leaf protein are retransported to the apical buds, roots, and pods via phloem.
7. Amino acid metabolism in soybean pods and seeds
Figure 18 shows the top (A) and side (B) views of a mature soybean seed and growing cotyledons in a pod (C, D) . The mature soybean seed consists of a seed coat surrounding a large embryo. Seed coat has a hilum (seed scar), and there is a tiny hole (micropyle) at the end of the hilum. The tip of the hypocotyl radical axis is located just below the micropyle. There is a main vain at the dorsal part of a pod, and nutrients such as sugar and ureides and amino acids are transported through the vain. Seed coat has a funiculus connecting main vain and hilum. Nutrients are transported through vasucular bundles in seed coat; however, the vascular systems are not directly connected to the cotyledons. The cotyledons are cultured in a seed coat cavity. Therefore, nutrients are excreted to the cavity, and cotyledons absorb them by themselves.
As shown in Table 1, young pods contained a high concentration of ureides both in the upper and the lower pods. The high accumulation of ureides in the pods may be due to that ureides are tentatively stored in the pods before transporting to the seeds. Seeds contain a high concentration of amino acids especially Asn and GABA (Table 2).
Figure 19 shows the changes in ureide-N and amino acid-N in seeds and pods of nodulated and nonnodulated soybean . The concentrations of ureides in the pods of nodulated soybean were high at 1st September and decreased after 15th September. The ureide-N concentration kept low in the pods of nonnodulated soybean plants. Amino acid-N concentrations were similar between nodulated and nonnodulated soybeans and decreased linearly from 1st September to 10th October at maturing stage. On the other hand, the ureide-N concentrations in the seeds of nodulated and nonnodulated plants were constantly low. The amino acid-N concentrations were similar between nodulated and nonnodulated soybeans, decreased from 1st September to 22nd September, and then constant until maturity at 10th October.
Most parts of N stored in matured seeds are storage proteins in the cotyledons (Figure 20A) . Soybean seed storage protein consists of glycinin and β-conglycinin (Figure 20B). The glycinin is the hexamer, which has acidic and basic subunits. The β-conglycinin is the trimer, which has α′, α, and β subunits.
Figure 21 summarizes the metabolism and transport of N from pod into seeds. The ureides, allantoin, and allantoic acid, transported from nodules, are tentatively accumulated in the young pods, and these are metabolized into amino acids such as Gln, Asn, and then, these amino acids are secreted into the cavity of seed coat. Then, cotyledons absorb amino acids and synthesize storage protein and sort to the protein body. Asn and amino acids from roots and leaves are also transported to the pods and secreted into seed coat, and then, cotyledons absorb them for storage protein synthesis.
8. Recycling of nitrogen from shoot to roots
Recycling of nitrogen from shoot to roots via phloem supports the initial growth of roots and nodules that need external nitrogen nutrients until nitrogen absorption and nitrogen fixation start to meet the N demand. The quantitative measurement of recycling of N in soybean cultivar Williams and hypernodulation mutant lines, NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7, was carried out by split root experiment in which a half root system was in the pot with 15N-labeled solution and the other was in nonlabeled solution (Figure 22) . The roots of soybean plants cultivated in culture solution were separated into two pots at 33 days after planting. At the next day, 15N-labeled nitrate (10 mgN L−1) was added in the one side of pot and non-labeled nitrate (10 mgN L−1) in the other side of pot. After 2 days of treatment, plants were harvested and percentage of N from 15N-labeled source (15N%) was determined in each part. The 15N was highest in the roots in 15N-labeled pot (14.0%), followed by stems (6.0%) and leaves (3.9%). A small portion of recycling 15N was detected both in roots (0.7%) and nodules (0.3%) in the nonlabeled pot after 2 days of split root treatment in Williams. The distribution of 15N in sum of nodules and roots was the same in NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7 hypernodulation lines.
9. Overall nitrogen transport from fixed N and absorbed N
Figure 23 shows the model of initial flow of N in soybean plants originated from N2 fixation (A) in nodules and NO3− absorption from roots (B).
The ureides produced by nitrogen fixation in nodules are transported to leaves and used for the leaf growth and metabolism. Mature leaves do not retransport ureides from phloem, but these are transported as amino acids, especially Asn. Some ureides are directly transported to the pods, and young pods accumulate a large amount of ureides, then it is used for seed growth via seed coat after decomposition into amino acids, such as Gln and Asn.
The absorbed nitrate in the roots is transported as NO3− or amino acids especially Asn after assimilated in the roots. The absorbed NO3− is transported to the leaves, then reduced by leaf nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, then assimilated into amino acids. The amino acids are transported to the pods, and then seeds from the leaves.
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<urn:uuid:423c2b0c-8da7-4f89-99a2-f610beea2e22> | We’ve always known that what we eat affects our bodies and how we look and feel. Research continues to find evidence that what we eat plays a huge role in the health of our brains. Yes, when it comes to staying mentally sharp and focused, eating brain foods matters, especially for our gray matter.
Which foods are best for your brain? Among the top brain-healthy foods are fruits, veggies, and herbal oils. Brain foods are those that are rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, minerals. They provide our brain with energy and aid in protecting brain cells, which helps ward off development of brain diseases. How exactly do healthy foods for brain function aid in mental health?
Once way is by supporting gut function and a healthy inflammation response. A poor diet can cause our bodies to release more inflammatory cytokines, which research has shown can contribute to inflammation that can wind up damaging the brain. Here are a few foods that are great for maintaining good brain health and staying sharp!
Beets are one the vegetables you hear most about with Everybody’s Juice. Beets are some of the most nutritious foods for the brain that you can eat considering they help reduce inflammation, are high in cancer-protecting antioxidants and help rid your blood of toxins.
The natural nitrates in beets increase blood flow to the brain, helping with mental performance.
For a vegetable with few calories, celery offers a lot of benefits. Its high levels of antioxidants and polysaccharides act as natural anti-inflammatories and can help alleviate symptoms related to inflammation, like joint pain and irritable bowel syndrome.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Extra virgin olive oil is one of the top brain foods due to its powerful antioxidants because it provides healthy monounsaturated fats. Extra Virgin Olive Oil is a staple in the Mediterranean diet, which research has shown is associated with cognitive benefits among older adults.
Turmeric contains curcumin, a chemical compound, which is actually one of the most powerful and natural anti-inflammatory compounds. Turmeric also helps boost antioxidant levels and keep your immune system healthy, while also improving your brain’s oxygen intake, keeping you alert and able to process information.No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute as medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. | {
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<urn:uuid:1553348f-b6e2-48cc-8b88-ad3dc668a8d5> | By Sin To, SAP
Did you know skateboarding will be an Olympic sport for the first time in Tokyo 2020?
The sport that has long been associated with mostly young, rebellious people who just want to have fun is going to get the Olympic audience “stoked.”
Skateboards have come a long way since they were invented by surfers in California in the late 40’s who were looking for a way to entertain themselves when seas were calm. According to a report by Grand View Research, Inc., the global skateboard market is expected to reach $2.4 billion by 2025. Global exposure at the Olympics will certainly expand the market.
Making a board
One thing that hasn’t changed much over time, is how boards are made, which has remained relatively unchanged since the 90s. The raw material for skateboards is still maple wood.
And as demand for boards increases, so does the demand for maple, and, with an estimated 100,000 boards being produced a month, skateboard production has become a major contributor to maple deforestation.
Due to the cold and humid air in which they grow, the Canadian maple trees grow slowly and produce wood that is strong yet flexible and difficult to break - perfect for skateboards. Each skateboard deck is made of seven layers of veneers, but only the lower part of the tree can be used for the production.
As maple trees need about 30-80 years to mature enough to harvest, it is a time and space consuming process before you can have the rite quality wood for a skateboard deck.
The production process also generates wood waste which often contains pigment, glues and grip tape which can release hazardous chemicals into the air when burned for energy.
Riding on a “rad” sustainable product
Fortunately, there are some companies out there trying to do their part to produce durable, sustainable skateboards like Bamboo Skateboards. The San Diego based company is using Bamboo to produce the skateboard decks. Bamboo Skateboards say that they are a “socially-responsible company who believes that protecting the environment is as important or more important than quarterly profits”. And they have chosen to use Bamboo as it is naturally shock absorbent, lighter and stronger than maple, and grows so fast that it is endlessly renewable with minimal effect on the environment.
German based company Langbrett has chosen ash trees to produce their boards. But they are focusing on leveraging the offcuts of logs and the broken woods for production. Langbrett is also using eco-friendly urethan for the wheels and glue, so that each skateboard can be totally recycled.
Finland based company Uitto (now part of VAI-KO) also have an eco-friendly production approach. They are using Kareline natural fiber composite that are non-toxic, eco-friendly and 100% recyclable. Kareline is produced from 50% coniferous pulp and 50% plastics suitable for foodstuffs. The boards resemble wood and after usage they can easily be made into new boards by grinding them back to granulates and remolding them.
Skateboarding to save the ocean
According to WWF numbers, broken and disbanded fishing nets are responsible for nearly 10% of our plastic waste in the ocean. Chilean based Bureo produces skateboard decks from these so called „ghosts nets“ by working closely with fisheries and local communities to provide an incentivized program to collect, clean, sort and recycle fishing nets to be used for their boards.
Dutch company Wasteboards is helping clean up the environment by making skateboards out of waste bottle caps, each with a unique design. The bottle caps are shredded, placed in a mold, and through a special baking process melded into one piece to be cut into a skateboard. Wasteboards also have a mobile bakery where they can make skateboards onsite at music festivals, events or any location.
As well as having fun with skateboards, there is a lot of potential to skate and contribute to the environmental protection. Creating a sustainable future for our customers and society is also SAP’s focus. For more information, visit SAP Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
To learn more on how to drive sustainable supply chain processes, download the IDC report “Leveraging your intelligent digital supply chain.” | {
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<urn:uuid:c79792b0-e4be-44ef-b85b-e35eaf06585b> | The $15 million earmarked in the 2016 federal budget to eradicate carp from Australia’s river systems will give native fish and freshwater ecosystems a fighting chance.
“Carp are a highly adaptive fish species introduced into Australia more than 100 years ago that have had long-term, highly destructive impacts on our river systems,” Invasive Species Council CEO Andrew Cox said today.
“The announcement that this year’s federal budget will include a $15 million National Carp Control Plan will give Australia’s rivers and native freshwater fish a fighting chance against the proliferation of invasive carp.”
The plan includes the staged release of a carp control virus developed by the CSIRO with the support of the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre that kills carp only, leaving other fish unscathed.
“Clearing carp out of our waterways will be the first step in bringing our rivers back to life,” Mr Cox said.
“Once the carp-killing virus has been released into our waterways we can rebuild healthy rivers by restocking them with native fish and replanting river edges to help freshwater ecosystems recover from years of carp infestations.
“We congratulate the federal government for properly backing the carp release. This new funding supports the clean-up operation and kick-starts the recovery of damaged rivers.”
Carp have increased pressures on native fish. They make water turbid, cause erosion and outcompete native fish for food and resources.
In some areas of the Murray-Darling Basin carp make up more than 80 per cent of the fish biomass.
“We will not be sorry to see carp numbers decline once the virus is released in about three years time, after clearing regulatory hurdles,” Mr Cox said.
- For comment contact Andrew Cox on 0438 588 040. | {
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<urn:uuid:6b2c98cd-3668-402c-9156-ebff29a98921> | The new EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change
European regions and citizens are directly affected by climate change. Adaptation solutions are required. A knowledge-based approach, as well as both high tech and nature-based solutions are necessary. Sustainable use of water, soil management and vegetation cover, drought resistant crops, vertical farming, or even land use planning and restoration of damaged areas.
Click here to read more. | {
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<urn:uuid:d0cbf4d8-81a0-4476-99df-47af291ebcde> | Incorporating Diversity & Inclusion in HR Strategies
Diversity and inclusion (D&I) are not just buzzwords—they are critical components of successful human resource strategies. Forward-thinking organizations recognize that a diverse workforce brings many perspectives, ideas, and experiences that are invaluable in driving innovation and reflecting the global marketplace. More importantly, inclusivity in the workplace is a catalyst for social change, promoting equity and understanding across different demographics.
Importance of a Diverse Workforce
A diverse workforce is not merely a representation of different ethnicities and genders. It encompasses a variety of religious beliefs, sexual orientations, cultural backgrounds, ages, and physical abilities. Companies with a robust D&I policy outperform their competitors and report higher levels of creativity, problem-solving, and profitability. Diversity is not just a metric to strive for; it is an integral part of a thriving business environment.
Steps to Ensure Inclusivity in the Recruitment Process
Inclusivity must begin at the first stage of employment—the recruitment process. HR strategies must be deliberately structured to eliminate unconscious bias and promote equity. This involves a multifaceted approach:
- We are utilizing diverse recruitment channels to reach a wide array of candidates.
- They are implementing blind hiring practices where feasible to focus on the candidate’s skills and qualifications rather than their background.
- Training hiring managers on the importance of D&I and methods to maintain an unbiased approach.
- Crafting job descriptions that are inclusive and appealing to a diverse applicant pool.
Measuring the Impact of D&I on Company Performance
The benefits of diversity and inclusion extend beyond goodwill; they have measurable impacts on a company’s performance. HR departments are increasingly using data analytics to measure the success of their D&I initiatives. Key performance indicators might include employee retention rates, diversity of hires, and employee satisfaction scores. Surveys and feedback tools also provide insight into the company culture and highlight areas for improvement. As these metrics improve, they often correlate with enhanced company performance and a more substantial brand reputation.
In summary, incorporating diversity and inclusion in HR strategies is imperative for businesses seeking to remain competitive and socially responsible. By fostering an inclusive culture that values every employee’s unique contributions, companies can unlock their full potential and drive positive outcomes. | {
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<urn:uuid:6544ff40-a4e6-427f-a2f3-fc6c48edd0eb> | It goes without saying: schools exist to serve students and equip them with the essential skills they need to thrive in life. Moreover, schools are often one of the first opportunities to participate in a community. Teachers and school leaders need to ensure students feel comfortable enough to be themselves and contribute meaningfully to these formative communities in the classroom.
We like to think of a learning management system as the digital hub of the classroom–both for teaching and learning and for keeping students connected.
In this article, we'll walk through the process of building communities at school and share an inspiring success story from a Maryland school district that exemplifies the potential of student-driven engagement within an LMS.
5 Tips for Building Community at School
Communities don't automatically happen by bringing a group of people together. They have to be fostered. This is true in any environment, and schools are no exception. To boost student engagement, let's look at some ways schools can get started.
1. Evaluate the Existing Sense of Community
From any educator's perspective, it's essential to know your school. Students feel the benefits of a positive school culture between teachers and administrators. Consequently, they also suffer from dysfunctional working relationships.
Observe how students interact with each other, their teachers, and how teachers interact with one another. What's going well? What needs to improve? Take notes and outline some action steps to get everyone connecting in positive ways.
2. Focus on Relationships
For teachers in the classroom, connection builds rapport. While it's easiest to establish this from the beginning of the school year, starting fresh at the beginning of every quarter, day, or class section is possible.
Engage students in the community-building process by asking them, "What do you need to learn in this class?" Students may be able to answer this question immediately. Or they may need some time to get comfortable in the environment and articulate what they need.
Regardless, giving them the space to speak for themselves sends the message that you value their input, and their voice is welcome.
3. Commit to Consistency
Consistency matters. It helps us build strong habits, and the same is true for students at school. Ensure that classroom rules and expectations are communicated and implemented fairly. When students know what to expect, this establishes trust.
Bring this consistency to the digital learning environment, as well. Promote guidelines and communicate expectations for how teachers should set up and implement technology in the classroom so that they know how to create their policies for appropriate LMS usage.
4. Ask for Feedback
Relationships are two-way streets. Teachers are responsible for leading students on the right path in their learning journey. One of the main ways they can evaluate their success is by asking students:
As we've said in the past, if you collect feedback from students, you should use it for the growth and betterment of the student.
5. Trust & Empower Students
Students want to have responsibilities, and they want to be trusted. Consider giving them a glimpse behind the scenes of how decisions are made or give them a chance to take ownership of processes in the classroom. When students can speak and have their voices heard, they will feel more confident to show up as fully themselves.
Howard County's Story: An Accessible Student Life Portal in Canvas LMS
In some ways, thanks to social media and technology, today's students are more connected than ever before. That said, the negative impact of social media on students' well-being is well-known. However, what if there was a positive digital space where students could filter out distractions and focus solely on school? No likes, fewer comparisons–just the information they needed to succeed.
At Howard County Public School System in Maryland, students and faculty have built just that. A group of students at Howard County approached faculty about using Canvas LMS to communicate the latest events in student life.
Because of how excited students were and their team's desire to empower students to take ownership of their learning, they trained students on using Canvas for content creation and granted them a 'student leader' role. Guided by an adult facilitator, they edited pages, sent announcements, and shared a master calendar about athletics, upcoming college visits, and more.
Leslie Ammann, School Librarian and adult facilitator, shared the vision behind the student life and staff portals in Canvas LMS:
“We've tried to make the student and staff courses the hubs for all school information. If students need to know anything about an event, club, appointment, or application/document, it is in the Canvas course. We have tried to anticipate what students would want to know. The most utilized are our individual clubs, the morning announcements doc embedded into the course, and event/sports information. Once student clubs are up and running, students send out their club messages and are responsible for maintaining their clubs.“
One student who worked on the portal shared their views on having the chance to create in Canvas:
”From my perspective, I'm quite satisfied with managing the student life portal in Canvas. It's designed to make it incredibly simple to communicate announcements and updates to students efficiently. Thanks to the intuitive search system, adding students to clubs and groups is a breeze. Similarly, from the student's end, navigating the portal to gain information is straightforward and user-friendly. This ease of use significantly enhances my role in managing the student life portal."
Wray's team mentioned that giving students insight into how their teachers manage their courses has also sparked curiosity for collaborating with their teachers in course design and building the best systems to fit everyone's needs.
In addition to keeping students connected, Canvas keeps Howard County's faculty up-to-date on everything they need to know. Ammann explained:
“The staff course has been designed to replace the bulky 72-page staff handbook we previously utilized. We have had documents in too many places in the past, and we are trying to make one central location for everything. Next year, we hope to have the handbook replaced completely."
Uplifting Communities Today = Empowered Citizens Tomorrow
Many students are ready and capable to build a positive community at school; they need the opportunity to lead.
With Canvas LMS, schools can build a community. They can bring students together to connect and the tools they need to succeed at school. Learn more about how schools like Howard County are growing with Canvas LMS. | {
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<urn:uuid:2994cad3-4322-461f-a9d2-a3d9e1870229> | Meatloaf and Salisbury steak are two popular dishes that are commonly served in American households. Both dishes are cooked in a similar manner and often served with the same accompaniments such as mashed potatoes and vegetables. However, there are some key differences between the two dishes that can help you decide which one to prepare.
Ingredients are the first element to consider when comparing meatloaf and Salisbury steak. Meatloaf is typically a combination of ground beef, eggs, bread crumbs, spices, and other ingredients such as onion, bell pepper, or celery. Salisbury steak, on the other hand, is usually made with ground beef that is mixed with seasonings, eggs, and bread crumbs. It may also include diced onion, mushrooms, and other vegetables.
Texture is another important factor to consider. Meatloaf tends to be moist and dense, while Salisbury steak is usually firmer and less dense. This is due to the fact that the ingredients in meatloaf are mixed together before cooking, while Salisbury steak is formed into patties before cooking.
Cooking Method is also an important difference between the two dishes. Meatloaf is usually baked in the oven, while Salisbury steak is typically pan-fried on the stovetop. The baking method results in a moister, denser texture, while the pan-frying method produces a firmer and less dense texture.
Serving Options are also quite different between the two dishes. Meatloaf is typically served as an entree, while Salisbury steak is often served as a sandwich or burger. The patties can also be served with a variety of sauces and toppings.
In conclusion, meatloaf and Salisbury steak are two popular dishes that are often served in American households. While there are some similarities between the two dishes, there are also some key differences. These include the ingredients used, the texture of the finished dish, the cooking method, and the serving options. Knowing the differences between the two dishes can help you decide which one to prepare.
Difference in Origins
Meatloaf is a traditional German dish, sometimes known as Fleischkuechle, that dates back to the Middle Ages. It was first brought to the United States by German immigrants. Salisbury Steak, on the other hand, was created in the late 19th century by Dr. James Henry Salisbury, a physician who believed that ground beef could be used as a health food.
Difference in Ingredients
The two dishes differ in their ingredients. Meatloaf is typically made with ground beef, pork, or veal, along with eggs, breadcrumbs, and seasonings. It’s often served with a ketchup or tomato-based glaze, which gives it a sweet-tangy flavor. Salisbury Steak is usually made with ground beef and seasonings, such as onion, garlic, and Worcestershire sauce, and sometimes includes mushrooms or onions. It’s usually served with gravy or a brown sauce.
Difference in Preparation
Meatloaf is usually formed into a loaf shape and baked in the oven. Salisbury Steak is typically formed into patties and cooked in a skillet or on a grill. Both dishes are sometimes served with mashed potatoes, gravy, or other accompaniments.
In addition, Salisbury Steak is sometimes made with a combination of beef and pork, while Meatloaf is usually made with only one type of meat. | {
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<urn:uuid:263bdf80-711b-4fcc-80e8-38ef1d265fa6> | Unit 3 - Using your curriculum tools well
How do you put together a high-quality PE curriculum programme that has Breadth, Balance, Depth, Significance and Challenge?
Breadth, Balance, Depth, Significance and Challenge; 5 critical aspects comprising a high-quality PE Curriculum programme.
Unit 3 shows you what this means in practical terms, what to do with the resources you have to deliver on those 5 words.
Selecting suitable activities, allocating sufficient time, making the most of the people around you and leveraging available spaces; all are considered, explained and illustrated in order for you to see and understand exactly how to put together a high-quality PE curriculum programme.
Unit 4 - Building a fulfilled physical life
The big question: What makes an effective wider physical curriculum?
As the ‘big question’ suggests, we’re not just talking about PE here, we’re talking about the physical curriculum as a whole (side note – this is covered in Module 1, if you want to refresh your knowledge on the differences).
You’ll articulate the value of the wider physical curriculum, plan a powerful playtime, launch school clubs and develop effective cross-curriculum links, ultimately rendering the physical curriculum the heartbeat of your school.
Unit 5 - The best teachers and teaching in the world
The big question: What makes the best teaching and teachers in the world?
A teacher is who you are, teaching is what you do.
Stating the obvious perhaps, yet it is essential to first distinguish the two, understanding what it means to excel in both and achieve a combination that builds learners’ confidence and capability.
Examining the characteristics of a teacher and the actions of teaching, Unit 5 supports you with establishing your own repertoire, enabling you to achieve that outstanding combination.
Unit 6 - Success is not an accident – plan to succeed
The big question: What do teachers do to make their planning outstanding?
As a teacher, you’re no stranger to planning.
Unit 6 draws on this knowledge and illustrates the fundamentals of outstanding planning.
Work through the three tiers of planning, the underpinning principles and the elements of planning for memorable learning.
Planning templates for you to analyse and use are supplied, offering simple and effective mechanisms that make learning come alive. Planning can be complex and time consuming; what you will gain in this unit is a process of planning that adheres to the desired principles whilst being quick, sharp and collaborative with pupils, allowing lessons to flow as an ever-growing sequence of learning which builds confidence and capability.
Unit 7 - Simple and useful assessment
The big question: What makes simple and effective assessment?
Does the word assessment make you sigh and cause you worry?
Unit 7 can help change that.
Day to day assessment is essential to developing and improving learning. Don’t worry, we’re not about to add to your workload, what is actually on offer is an assessment approach that is short, simple and effective.
Implementation is only possible with assessment, if you haven’t assessed, how do you know what to plan, what to teach? Without assessment you won’t know the next step.
Completing this unit, you will gain a lesson planning framework within which assessment is built, a recording tool that suits you and your children, and a report template recognising learning and development.
Embedding a Powerful Physical Curriculum:
Intent, implementation and impact make up one whole, that whole being a powerful physical curriculum embedded in your primary school. Each of the three modules feed into and strengthen one another; they form a cyclical process, one which you will gain in full. On completion of the course, you will have a fully formed, ready to action plan for your school’s physical curriculum and will have saved £250 in the process.See Full Course | {
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<urn:uuid:e06a2884-1389-4239-9066-312297928d71> | Dental emergencies can strike at any time, causing distress, pain, or injury to a child’s teeth, gums, or mouth. Parents in Ghaziabad must familiarize themselves with common dental emergencies such as knocked-out teeth, severe toothaches, fractured teeth, or mouth injuries.
Fractured or Broken Tooth:
It’s a fairly common occurrence for a child to fracture or break a tooth, often due to falls or accidents. When this happens, it’s crucial to gather all tooth fragments so that the dentist can assess the situation. In cases where the broken tooth is jagged and causing discomfort, you can use dental wax to cover the damaged area temporarily until a dental appointment is scheduled. Dental wax can be conveniently obtained from any pharmacy.
Experiencing a toothache is distressing, particularly for children. If your child is complaining of severe and throbbing tooth pain, it’s a clear sign to reach out to the dental emergency line for guidance and assistance.
When a tooth is knocked out, handle it carefully by the crown, avoiding contact with the root. If dealing with a younger child, place the dislodged tooth in a container filled with milk, saline, or saliva, and make your way to the dentist promptly. For an older child, rinse the tooth gently with milk or saline and try to reposition the root back into the socket. While the tooth may not stay in place, there is a better chance of it surviving when it’s returned to its natural position. Avoid putting a younger child’s tooth in their mouth, as there is a higher risk of swallowing the tooth.
Lost Filling or Crown:
If your child loses a dental crown or filling, you can use dental wax to temporarily smooth any sharp edges and provide protection until you can arrange a dental visit. | {
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<urn:uuid:3315cf1f-91fd-421b-84b9-c0f453ef8d96> | In association with Imperial College London, scientists at the Institut Pasteur and CNRS have identified a vulnerable site on the surface of the dengue virus which is targeted by the only broadly neutralizing antibodies identified to date. This discovery offers a new target for the development of a vaccine to combat all four types of dengue virus currently in circulation. These results were published in the journal Nature on January 12, 2015.
Paris, January 14, 2015
Dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes, and is the most widespread viral disease in our planet’s tropical regions. Two and a half billion people live in high-risk areas. There are four strains of dengue virus, known as serotypes DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. A patient produces antibodies specific to one serotype during an initial infection, but these do not confer effective protection against subsequent infection by the other serotypes. These antibodies may even constitute a risk factor for developing a severe form of dengue. Any future vaccine against dengue must therefore provide effective, simultaneous protection against all four virus serotypes.
In an article published in Nature, co-signed by teams at the Institut Pasteur, CNRS and Imperial College London, scientists have highlighted the existence of a region in the virus envelope protein exposed to the antibodies that is common to all four dengue serotypes. This region would represent a promising target for the development of an effective vaccine against all four dengue serotypes.
These results were obtained in collaboration with a team from Imperial College London, who had already succeeded in identifying and isolating antibodies that simultaneously neutralize all four virus serotypes in a cohort of patients infected in Thailand. However, the mode of action of these antibodies remained unknown.
Using the SOLEIL and ESRF synchrotron radiation facilities in Saint-Aubin, near Paris and Grenoble respectively, the scientists carried out a crystallographic analysis to study the dengue virus envelope protein in complex with these specific antibodies in order to determine the 3D structure. Their analyses resulted in identification of the antibody binding site on the envelope protein. The amino acids present at this site are the same in all four virus serotypes, and therefore give it obvious potential as a vaccine target.
The authors of this study also discovered that the antibody binding site on the envelope protein doubles as the binding site for the viral protein prM. Interaction between the envelope protein and this prM protein is crucial for the production of infectious viral particles during replication of the virus in infected cells.
These observations gave the scientists an insight into the reason why this common binding site has been highly conserved in all four serotypes, despite the viral flaw that it represents: a slight mutation on this site would enable the virus to evade the immune system but, at the same time, prevents the interaction with prM that is essential for replication.
The analysis of the structures obtained using x-ray crystallography reveals that this site may be the “Achilles heel” of the dengue virus, opening up new possibilities for scientists in terms of the development of a unique antigenic determinant which would mimic this site. This antigen would potentially be able to trigger an immune response targeting all four dengue serotypes simultaneously, and could constitute a prime vaccine candidate against dengue.
Illustration: 3D structure of the antibody complexes for all four serotypes bound to the dengue virus envelope protein. © Institut Pasteur
Recognition determinants of broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue viruses, Nature, January 12, 2015. doi:10.1038/nature14130
Alexander Rouvinski (1,2*), Pablo Guardado-Calvo (1,2*), Giovanna Barba-Spaeth (1,2*), Stéphane Duquerroy (1,2,3), Marie-Christine Vaney (1,2), Carlos M. Kikuti (1,2), M. Erika Navarro Sanchez (1,2), Wanwisa Dejnirattisai (4), Wiyada Wongwiwat (4), Ahmed Haouz (5), Christine Girard-Blanc (5), Stéphane Petres (5), William E. Shepard (6), Philippe Desprès (7), Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos (8), Philippe Dussart (9), Juthathip Mongkolsapaya (4,10), Gavin R. Screaton (4) & Félix A. Rey (1,2,5)
(1) Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
(2) CNRS UMR 3569 Virologie, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
(3) Université Paris-Sud, Faculté des Sciences, 91405 Orsay, France.
(4) Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
(5) Institut Pasteur, Protéopôle, CNRS UMR 3528, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
(6) Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
(7) Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Unité des Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
(8) Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Unité de Pathogénie Virale, INSERMU1108, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
(9) Institut Pasteur de Guyane, BP 6010, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana.
(10) Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
* These authors contributed equally to the work.
Recognition determinants of broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue viruses, Nature, January 12, 2015. doi: 10.1038/nature14130
Rouvinski A, Guardado-Calvo P, Barba-Spaeth G, Duquerroy S, Vaney MC, Kikuti CM, Sanchez ME, Dejnirattisai W, Wongwiwat W, Haouz A, Girard-Blanc C, Petres S, Shepard WE, Desprès P, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Dussart P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Rey FA.
A new class of highly potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from viremic patients infected with dengue virus, Nature Immunology, December 15, 2014. doi: 10.1038/ni.3058.
Dejnirattisai W, Wongwiwat W, Supasa S, Zhang X, Dai X, Rouvinsky A, Jumnainsong A, Edwards C, Quyen NT, Duangchinda T, Grimes JM, Tsai W, Lai C, Wang W, Malasit P, Farrar J, Simmons CP, Zhou ZH, Rey FA, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR. | {
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<urn:uuid:a029fd59-8e44-4a1e-9dac-fbdb6d04d264> | Invasive species cause tremendous harm to our environment, economy, and health. When invasive species eat or crowd out native species, they reduce the vital biological variety we call biodiversity. Ecosystems with low biodiversity are more vulnerable to disease and other environmental stresses. At worst, invasive species can lead to the extinction of native species. Invasive species also can spread disease and inflict costly damage on infrastructure, such as roads, canals, and levees.
The origin and effects of invasive species vary. Many invasive species are spread or introduced accidentally (e.g., on the hulls of boats or soles of shoes). Some are purposely acquired as pets or garden trees or flowers that end up in the wild. Invasive fish and wildlife can prey on native animals and outcompete them for food and habitat. Invasive plants can outcompete native vegetation for space, moisture, sunlight, and soil nutrients. Invasive species can include animals, plants, fish, wildlife pathogens, and diseases.
Although invasive species occur on all continents, islands experience disproportionate impacts. Islands make up just 5.3 percent of Earth’s land area, but they are biodiversity hot spots — home to a host of species. Unfortunately, islands also experience the greatest concentration of species extinctions. About 75 percent of all reptile, bird, amphibian, and mammal extinctions have occurred on islands, and invasive species have played a role in most of them.
Examples of invasive species include: zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha); kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobate); cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); feral swine; emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis); invasive carp (Cyprinus carpio); and pythons (Python sp.). In many cases they out-compete native species, which often makes invasive species challenging to control. Managers often lack the necessary tools to manage population numbers and spread. There are three types of control technologies currently used, alone or in combination, to manage invasive species:
Biological (sterilization, genetic alterations, or species introduction),
Mechanical (mowing, fire, harvesting, trapping, fencing, or containment), and
Chemical (herbicides, pesticides, toxicants, attractants, or repellents).
To win the Theodore Roosevelt Genius Prize Competition for Management of Invasive Species, participants must submit their technology innovation solution– such as tools, equipment, methods, strategies, etc., that help land managers directly reduce the spread and impacts of invasive species within the United States and its Territories. Solutions should focus on invasive species that cause harm to native ecosystems. Solutions may be species-specific, but universal control techniques that may have multiple species benefits are preferred. | {
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<urn:uuid:73501fd8-6df9-4ec2-89c6-ab430083f420> | Green shiny beetles are seen in growing habitats across North America. They are common on the West Coast, in Northeastern habitats, and in the Mid-West.
A growing number of shiny beetles are adapted to living in various temperate and sub-tropical climates which means many species can live in almost any part of the world as well.
These beetles can exclusively feed on plants. Some are scavengers while others are omnivores. A few native green shiny beetles of North America are also known for eating feces and carrion.
A wide range of green tiger beetles is also known for feeding on bark and trees. These types of green shiny beetles can be highly detrimental to tree health.
Citruses and oak trees are among the most affected species in North America.
Green beetles can also have a reduced impact on trees and vegetation, depending on their species.
In terms of coloring, most green shiny beetles in the US are either light green or dark green with a shiny appearance.
A small number of these beetles have a multicolored body where green is combined with white, red, or yellow in most instances, especially on the elytra.
The following species of beetles have a green shiny body as a dominant trait or as a rare morph.
Table of Contents
1. Japanese Beetle
The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is imported from Japan. Unlike its native Japanese counterpart, this beetle creates large problems in the US where it eats vegetation without as many predators.
This species has copper-like elytra and a shiny green almost metallic thorax and head.
It also has black and white spots around its elytra which makes this multicolored beetle easy to identify.
Growing up to a size of 15mm, this beetle is very good at eating entire plant leaves. Only its veins remain untouched.
It lays eggs in the ground and the emerging Japanese beetle starts chewing on plant roots for food.
2. Six-spotted Tiger Beetle
The Six-spotted Tiger beetle (Cicindela sexguttata) is one of the shiniest green beetles found in North America.
Its body is completely metallic glossy green. It has large white mandibles which means the species is distinct and easy to identify.
This beetle is a known predator. It feeds on almost all small arthropods and includes spiders and caterpillars.
While present in all types of habitats, these beetles prefer sandy terrain to lay eggs in easier.
Growing to a size of at least 12mm, these beetles can be seen in open areas with plenty of sunlight. They are only seen in groups in areas with plenty of food.
3. Common Green June Beetle
The Common Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) is a common green shiny beetle in states such as Georgia.
Beetles of this genus are only partially green as half of their body has a dark gold color.
The specie is known to feast on foliage. Unlike other beetles, this species also eats the veins of leaves practically leaving nothing behind.
Growing up to a size of 40mm, the species can be controlled with pesticides, especially since it emerges late in the season.
Common Green June Beetles only appear in the second part of June. This leaves sufficient time for gardeners and farmers to take preventive measures.
4. Dogbane Leaf Beetle
Dogbane Leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratus) get their names from their exclusive food, dogbane. Common in the Northwest, this species has a metallic shiny body.
The body has a shiny green nuance with iridescent reflections in direct sunlight. It can appear golden in certain spots depending on how light reflects off its body.
Bugs of this genus are toxic and many predators avoid them due to their bad taste and toxic nature.
They live on plants that are rich in toxins. They eat and absorb these toxins also storing them in the body so that a limited amount of natural predators would even consider attaching them.
5. Figeater Beetle
Figeater beetles (Cotinis mutabilis) have a dark green body with yellow bands on the sides of the elytra.
Bugs of this genus are common in Southwestern US. It’s also seen in gardens where it’s not seen as a major threat.
In extreme cases, this beetle has been responsible for devouring entire crops of fruit. It has been noted to eat grapes.
However, the Figeater beetle is mostly known for drinking sap from cacti and desert-loving trees.
It’s not seen as a major pest as it doesn’t mainly invade flowers in the garden or the lawn.
6. Fiery Searcher Beetle
The Fiery Searcher beetle (Calosoma scrutator) has a shiny uniform green elytra and a blue cephalothorax.
These are some of the most helpful types of green beetles in the world as they consume a wide range of pests.
They are known for eating moths and destructive caterpillars on crops and gardens.
Fiery Searcher beetles have a large body (often larger than 30mm) and long mandibles they can use against a wide range of insects.
Furthermore, these beetles also release strong chemicals which help keep some predators away. Other predators such as birds and shrews are known not to be deterred by these strong chemicals of the Fiery Searcher beetle.
7. Emerald Ash Borer
Emerald Ash Borers (Agrilus planipennis) have a metallic shiny uniform green body. These elongated borers are some of the most problematic bugs in the world of North America ash trees.
Most ash trees in North America are considered possible victims of this beetle and its expanding range.
Common in North America only for a few decades, beetles of this genus get under ash tree bark which they eat and lay eggs in.
With significant damage, ash trees start to die.
There’s little that can be done against these beetles they normally affect ash trees in the first 10 years of their lives which means they don’t yet reach their natural seeding age.
These beetles are known to attack young ash trees and their expanding range is a sign of trouble for green and black ash.
8. Rainbow Scarab
The Rainbow Scarab (Phanaeus vindex) has a shiny green color with yellow-brown nuances on the thorax.
Beetles of this genus are instantly-indefinable by their longhorn.
Found in Eastern US states, the Rainbow Scarab is a species known to eat animal dung. As a result, it should be avoided when it comes to direct handling as it can carry parasites.
Rainbow Scarabs eat all types of dung such as those of pigs, opossums, and dogs.
9. Green Immigrant Leaf Weevil
The Green Immigrant Leaf weevil (Polydrusus formosus) is a common species in temperate climates.
It has a vivid green or green-blue body with a central blue stripe on the elytra. The top of its head and its elongated snout are black.
Weevils of this genus are known for their damaging role to various leaves and should be removed when seen on trees in the backyard.
Hazel and oak trees are among the most exposed species to the impact of this species.
Green Immigrant Leaf weevils eat leaves entirely slowing down and even stopping the natural photosynthesis process of various hardwood trees.
10. Asian Oak Weevil
The Asian Oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) has a uniform green color with visible grooves on the elytra.
The coloring of this species closely resembles the color of the oak leaves it lives on and which it consumes.
This type of weevil impacts oak trees and other species of trees such as chestnuts.
Its impact can be major but many measures can eliminate it or prevent it.
Insecticides are successfully used against these weevils and they can be applied as preventive measures on young trees as well.
Red oak and black oak trees tend to be the most affected by the species so it’s best to take extra caution when it comes to protecting these species.
11. Golden Buprestid Beetle
The Northwestern US territories are home to the Golden Buprestid beetle (Buprestis aurulenta).
Beetles of this genus have a golden green color with silver shiny overlays.
The species has a golden color which can change its nuance in direct sunlight. It can also appear purple or even brown in certain light conditions.
These beetles are mostly interested in eating hardwood. They even nest in hardwood trees.
Most beetles of this genus lay their larvae in the bark of many coniferous trees. These trees are mostly found on the Pacific Coast and they expand their range through Western Canada.
The species can be of high risk to trees which it can kill in time.
12. Splendid Earth-boring Beetle
The Splendid Earth-boring beetle (Geotrupes splendidus) has a dark glossy green color.
It grows up to 0.5 inches and it has a round shape compared to other glossy green beetles.
This beetle can sometimes appear black and other times it comes with a golden iridescent hue.
Beetles of this genus are omnivores and scavengers. They eat a wide range of food and leftovers such as carrion and feces. Splendid Earth-boring beetles even eat bird feathers.
The species appear in the spring, soon before the end of March.
Beetles of this genus soon become adults and are ready to lay eggs deep in the ground.
13. Flower Lebia Beetle
With a similar glossy green color to the Splendid Earth-boring beetle, the Flower Lebia beetle (Lebia viridis) has a smaller head compared to the elytra.
Its dark green color is metallic and it makes it stand out even when seen on various types of vegetation.
Unlike other beetles problematic to the garden or crops, the Flower Lebia beetle is beneficial to crops.
It feeds on common bug pests such as The Colorado Potato beetle, a species known for its economic impact on potato crops.
This species has a limited range in the Eastern states of the US. It has an even more limited presence in the mid-western United States.
14. Coyote Brush Leaf Beetle
The Coyote Brush Leaf beetle (Trirhabda flavolimbata) has a metallic green body with dark green spots and black antennae.
Beetles of this species are common in Western US territories, especially in California.
As its name implies, it feeds almost exclusively on Coyote brush.
The impact of the species on this plant species can be impactful.
However, the Coyote Brush Leaf beetle also feeds on wildflowers known to deter pests. Flowers such as asters are often consumed by this beetle.
15. Emerald Flower Scarab
Emerald Flower scarabs (Trichiotinus lunulatus) have a green-black body with a metallic undertone.
Fine white hairs are seen on the edges of its elytra while its head is almost completely black.
Growing to a size of around 10mm, these bugs grow fine white hairs to avoid predation by camouflage.
Some of the Emerald flowers they feed on have white flower buds. As a result, this species grows white hairs so that it blends in with the flower buds and avoids predation from birds and large wasps.
16. Eggplant Tortoise Beetle
The Eggplant Tortoise beetle (Gratiana pallidula) is one of the species named after its physical description.
Beetles of this genus are shaped similarly to tortoises which makes them easily distinguishable.
Green and yellow are the main colors of the beetle. It has a base green color with yellow markings and a golden-yellow thorax.
This beetle primarily feeds on eggplant. Considered a pest, the Eggplant Tortoise beetle eats eggplant leaves until it finally kills the plant.
These beetles can be removed by hand or eliminated with insecticide.
17. Virginia Metallic Tiger Beetle
Virginia Metallic Tiger beetles (Tetracha virginica) are some of the fastest shiny green beetles in the world.
These beetles can reach speeds of up to a few miles per hour when sprinting which aids them when it comes to catching prey.
Virginia Metallic Tiger beetles are predators and they use their speed to outrun small bugs and insects.
They have a dark green color with a shiny head and thorax. The legs of the species vary in color and can either be light brown or yellow.
These beetles also stand out with very long antennae. Their antennae are as long as their legs.
18. Banded Cucumber Beetle
Growing to a size of up to 6mm, Banded Cucumber beetles (Diabrotica balteata) have a dual yellow-green shiny color. These bugs show yellow and green stripes on the elytra while the thorax is green with a yellow mark.
As their name implies, the beetles are mostly interested in cucumbers but they also affect squash, onion, eggplant, and other vegetables.
The impact of the species on vegetables can be considered as adults feed on foliage and flowers and their larvae on the roots of vegetables.
As a result, this species is a known pest and it needs to be eradicated from crops.
The only non-chemical solutions against Banded Cucumber beetles are nematodes.
19. Thistle Tortoise Beetle
Thistle Tortoise beetles (Cassida rubiginosa) also get their names from having a physical resemblance to turtles.
Beetles of this genus have a round flattened body that resembles the body of turtles.
The base color is green with soma dark brown edges around the elytra.
This green beetle is native to Europe and Asia. It has been introduced to North America as an attempt to control the thistle that invaded crops across the country.
Early attempts to use it as a control agent in Virginia were successful so the beetle was encouraged in many other states to have a widespread presence in the US today.
20. Bumelia Borer
Common in Southern states, the Bumelia Borer (Plinthocoelium suaveolens) is one of the shiny green beetles that have a growing presence in North America.
Beetles of this genus have some of the most colorful bodies as they have a base shiny green color with brown legs.
The thorax is iridescent. It changes color as it reflects light and it can appear golden or green as well.
These beetles are invasive and they cause the death of Bumelia trees, locally known as Bully trees.
Adults feed on their leaves while Bumelia borer larvae feed on the roots of these trees.
21. Blue Dock Beetle
Blue Dock beetles (Gastrophysa cyanea) have a glossy green body. The shape of their body is as striking as the color.
Known for having a dome-shaped body, these beetles resemble lady beetles in shape.
The green color these bugs have is uniform.
Darker than the green color of leaves these beetles eat, the color doesn’t help them with camouflage but it makes them look poisonous to predators. is uniform.
Darker than the green color of leaves these beetles eat, the color doesn’t help them with camouflage but it makes them look poisonous to predators.
Beetles of this family grow to a maximum size of 5mm and they spend most hours of the day eating leaves.
22. Emerald Euphoria
Emerald Euphoria beetles (Euphoria fulgida) are largely unknown in North America despite being seen in multiple states.
This beetle has a base green color. This color is barely visible due to the golden-yellow coloring on its body that makes it appear shinier.
The beetle has very specific dietary requirements which means it cannot be seen anywhere out in nature.
Most Emerald Euphoria beetles are seen on plum trees in the US. They feed on pollen and nectar of these trees but are considered a minor pest.
Real threats to plum trees caused by Emerald Euphoria beetles are rare since these beetles have short lifespans.
23. Green Blister Beetle
Green Blister beetles (Lytta stygica) have a dark green body with a metallic undertone.
These beetles grow to a size of up to 22mm and they are common in North America from Mexico to Canada.
Green Blister beetles absorb plant toxicity and they have a very bad taste which sometimes males’ larger prey spit the beetle out.
These elongated green beetles are mostly found on flowers where they eat pollen and nectar.
24. Glorious Jewel Scarab
The Glorious Jewel scarab (Chrysina gloriosa) has a dark green body with deep grooves that have a light green color.
The thorax, head, and legs of this species are also green.
Most Glorious Jewel Scarabs are found in areas of Texas and Arizona, particularly at high altitudes.
It’s here that the adults feed on juniper leaves while the larvae feed on plant roots.
The dark color of Glorious Jewel scarabs allows them to maintain very good camouflage when eating juniper leaves.
Even people rarely notice these scarabs immediately as they solely live and have adapted to the color of juniper leaves.
25. Phanaeus igneus
This species of dung beetle is known for its rugged green and iridescent body color.
The elytra have a shiny green color while its head and cephalothorax have a reflective color that changes their appearance regularly depending on how it reflects light.
Beetles of this genus are known for moving slowly and they can easily be seen in animal dung due to their reflective coloring.
They also have a horn that has either a dark green or a black color which resembles the dark green to black color of its legs.
26. Pale Green Weevil
The Pale Green Weevil (Polydrusus impressifrons) is a species introduced to North America almost a century ago.
It’s believed it arrived from Europe and it has established itself on the East Coast first.
These beetles have a uniform green color. The elytra, thorax, and head have the same green color.
Small ridges are seen on its elytra.
The Pale Green Weevil feeds on the leaves of various trees such as oak and weevils.
Larvae of this species feed on the roots of these trees.
The impact of the species on the trees they infest is considered insignificant. They are always found in small numbers on mature trees which means they pose no real threat to the trees they feed on.
27. Common Claybank Tiger Beetle
The Common Claybank Tiger beetle (Cicindela limbalis) is a predatory species which variable sizing.
Its maximum size varies from 12 to 22mm but the beetle is easily identifiable by its tripe color body.
The beetle has marron-brown color on the elytra and the cephalothorax. Yellow or tan spots are also visible on its body.
Beetles of this genus have shiny green coloring on the edges of the elytra, thorax, and head. Its legs also have a shiny green color.
These beetles also show fine white hairs around the elytra and on the legs.
Some members of this species have shorter white hairs on the head.
28. Phanaeus differs
This dung beetle is known for its very colorful body.
It has both green and blue colors and an iridescent hue on its head.
The species is dominated by a metallic color on its body which brightens its blue and green sections.
It also has a long black horn.
This species has been reported in coastal areas. It has a widespread presence in Texas and California.
Beetles of this genus feed on dung and they are normally seen around various drainages of large cities in the Southwestern US.
29. Beyer’s Jewel Scarab
Beyer’s Jewel scarab (Chrysina beyeri) is common in Northeastern US territories.
This is a species of green scarab beetle that appears in May and remains active until October.
Identification is based on its colorful green body. Beetles of this family have a basic uniform green color.
Brown bands or brown coloring are seen on the edges of its elytra. A faint brown mark is also distinguishable on its head.
These beetles are known for not having a horn or any other type of dots and marks in all of their morphs.
The species can be large by comparison as it grows to more than 1 inch as an adult.
30. Green Claybank Tiger Beetle
This species of tiger beetle (Cicindela denverensis) is known for its love of arid habitats.
It lives on the ground in areas with reduced vegetation but it’s mostly known for its vivid coloring.
The Green Claybank Tiger beetle has a shiny metallic green body color.
This color is almost uniform as the beetle doesn’t have any spots or colored body margins.
Beetles of this genus appear to shine in direct sunlight due to their metallic undertone green coloring.
Native to North America, the beetle is active throughout the year
31. Golden Ground Beetle
This species of beetle (Carabus auratus) has a golden-green color. It has iridescent golden coloring on a striped green body which makes it shine.
The sight of the beetle can be both good news and bad news. It’s bad news for a lot of small insects as this beetle is an avid predator. It even eats earthworms.
However, seeing this beetle in gardens is beneficial for farmers as they know the species starts killing and eating invasive pests.
One of the strengths of this beetle is the capacity to eat entire prey as it sprays them with a liquid that starts decomposing them to be easier to eat.
32. Dispirited Tiger Beetle
Tiger beetles are known for moving fast. The Dispirited Tiger beetle (Cicindela depressula) is no different.
Beetles of this species are also known for their vivid colors. They have metallic shiny blue elytra with a green tint and green to the blue thorax and head coloring.
Like many other tiger beetles, this species also has colorful spots on the elytra.
Yellow colors are common on the elytra and they represent one of the traits which help the species improve camouflage.
The spots on the elytra always have the color of its environment, which is mostly dirt and rocky terrains.
33. LeConte’s Chrysina
This species of shiny leaf beetle (Chrysina lecontei) is found in the US.
Known for its wide distribution, LeConte’s Chrysina has dark green coloring with grooves and dark brown elytra edges.
Beetles of this genus also have dark brown legs.
The beetle is also known for sometimes having a yellow tint. This tint is present in the form of a central stripe on the elytra and sometimes seen on the lower part of the thorax.
The coloring of the species resembles the leaves it eats and lives on.
34. Striated Jewel Beetle
The Striated Jewel beetle (Buprestis striata) is one of the green bugs with a golden hue.
Its elytra are striated as its name implies. The beetle can be as long as 80mm and it’s seen on trees it eats.
The Striated Jewel beetle doesn’t always eat the fresh trees as it bores into decaying trees.
Beetles of this genus are also known for favoring decaying branches of trees as these have softer fibers.
The Striated Jewel beetle prefers hardwood trees it finds in Northeastern US territories.
35. Northern Barrens Tiger Beetle
The Northern Barrens Tiger beetle (Cicindela patruela) is one of the common species in Northern US territories and Canada.
As its name suggests, this beetle is only present in the Northern habitats of the US but it resembles tiger beetles found elsewhere.
It has a dark green metallic body.
The elytra are darker than the thorax but both the elytra and the thorax have a glossy appearance in full sun.
White or cream spots are also distinguished on the elytra of this species.
Its legs are both dark green and light green resembling its body. Beetles of this species are mostly found on sandy soils.
36. Green Pubescent Ground Beetle
The Green Pubescent Ground beetle (Chlaenius sericeus) has a deep green color.
Its coloring is very dark but it maintains glossy elytra like many other ground beetles.
The head of these beetles is partially green and partially black.
Its legs are yellow or light brown.
These green beetles are also known to store various toxins which they can release against predators. Toxins are stored until these beetles face immediate danger and can be released against a predatory.
A popping sound can sometimes be heard when these toxins are released.
37. Wood’s Jewel Scarab
The Wood’s Jewel scarab (Chrysina woodii) is one of the oldest studied species in North America.
It has been described more than a century ago. This beetle is now identified by its uniform green color.
The green nuance is light compared to other green tiger beetles.
These scarabs are mostly interested in walnut leaves. The larvae of the Wood’s Jewel scarab are known for eating the roots of young walnut trees.
Unlike other scarabs, Wood’s Jewel scarabs don’t have fused wings. They can fly, albeit only over short distances.
38. Yellow-spotted Jewel Beetle
As its name implies, the Yellow-spotted Jewel Beetle (Buprestis confluenta) has multiple small yellow marks across its body.
This species is known to be one of the largest green beetles in North America as it can grow up to a length of a couple of inches.
These beetles are seen hiding during the day, typically under various leaves whenever they aren’t feeding.
Yellow-spotted Jewel beetles are known to eat pollen, nectar, and plant leaves.
They can also eat the leaves of various trees, particularly hardwood trees.
Yellow-spotted Jewel beetles can also fly, particularly at night to avoid predators.
39. Punctate Little Bear Scarab Beetle
Found in Western US territories, the Punctate Little Bear Scarab beetle (Paracotalpa puncticollis) is one of the green species that looks similar to watermelons.
It has interrupted dark green stripes on its elytra which is bright green.
Beetles of this genus are further decorated with black spots on the upper elytra towards the edges.
The thorax and the head are dark green and may even appear black.
Beetles of this genus also have white hairs. These hairs are seen on the edges of the elytra.
This species of green beetle is specific to Northwestern US territories.
40. Temnoscheila acuta
This species of beetle is known for eating and nesting in the bark.
One of the most distinct characteristics of the beetle is its metallic shiny green color which can appear to change nuance depending on how it reflects light.
Most areas on the elytra appear dark green while its head can appear black in certain light.
The species has a dark green color which gets darker towards the head.
It can sometimes be seen on tree bark but it can spend long periods under tree bark where it feeds on trees. It can cause significant damage to trees.
Temnoscheila acuta is one of the multiple species of the Trogossitidae family found in North America.
41. Blue-Green Citrus Root Weevil
The Blue-Green Citrus Root weevil (Pachnaeus litus) is one of the multiple pests of citruses in North America.
This beetle has a mostly green color with blue nuances and yellow elytra edges.
The thorax also exhibits more yellow coloring compared to the elytra.
Blue-Green Citrus Root weevils also show a dark green to a black small head.
The legs of the species are both green and yellow.
Beetles of this genus eat citrus leaves and citrus roots. Their larvae grow underground where it feeds on citrus roots.
42. Anacua Tortoise Beetle
The Anacua Tortoise beetle (Coptocycla texana) gets its name from its shape and the plant it feeds on.
Diet-wise, these beetle only eat Anacua genus flowers and their leaves. They sometimes eat the stems of young Anacua plants.
These are a type of plant mostly found in Southern Texas and nowhere else in the US as they’re native to Mexico.
The beetle has a flattened shape that resembles the shape of a turtle.
Its color is mostly green with golden-yellow overlays. Its iridescent coloring allows this species to either appear dominantly golden or dominantly-green depending on how it reflects light.
43. Purple Tiger Beetle
The Purple Tiger beetle (Cicindela purpurea) is a common sight in open forests terrain as well as on soil with little vegetation.
It has a dark green body color that appears uniform across the elytra, thorax, and head.
Like many tiger beetles, the Purple Tiger Beetle also has marks or spots on the elytra.
There are only 2 light green spots with brown borders on the elytra, unlike other tiger beetles which have many more spots which are even larger.
Beetles of this genus have green forelegs and green-brown rear legs.
44. Northern Corn Rootworm
This common green beetle (Diabrotica barberi) is one of the major green pest bugs in the US.
Northern Corn Rootworm beetles are a species that eat corn. They always lay eggs right next to the corn plant they feed on.
Eggs turn into larvae and their larvae start to eat the roots of corn.
It’s estimated that the economic losses caused by the species are considerable in North America, one of the largest producers of corn in the world.
One of the few non-chemical methods of eliminating this beetle from crops is crop rotation.
Farmers choose to plant corn elsewhere each year so that the larvae that live in the ground cannot develop and eat corn once again as they overwinter in the soil.
45. Boreal Long-lipped Tiger Beetle
The Boreal Long-lipped Tiger beetles (Cicindela longilabris) live among rocks on rocky terrain.
Beetles of this genus have a metallic green color that shines in direct sunlight.
The elytra have a dark green color on the bottom and a light green color towards the thorax.
3 white or cream marks are seen on each side of the elytra.
The thorax of the species has a dark green color, as does its head.
These beetles are known to absorb certain toxins they can use to keep predators at a safe distance.
46. Splendid Tiger Beetle
Common on the East Coast, the Splendid Tiger beetle (Cicindela splendida) gets its name from its multicolored body.
Tiger beetles of this genus have orange-red elytra with white marks and dots.
The thorax and the head of the species have a metallic green color that shines in direct sunlight.
Its legs are green.
Short white hairs are seen on the green legs of the species.
Common in the Eastern half of the US, the species is seasonally arising in the spring after overwintering as larvae in the ground. | {
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<urn:uuid:174add09-26dd-4cc2-b0b5-bc23e1f9a4d6> | Those interested in learning construction skills before starting their career can enroll in a trade school or complete a paid internship. The trade school, a vocational program that usually lasts one or two years, offers courses on the basics of the trades. Paid internships can be done after vocational training to develop more specialized skills. Many people may be surprised to learn that they don't have the level of essential skills they need to be successful in the workplace.
For example, many specialized trades, including carpenters and carpenters, require advanced knowledge of mathematics (arithmetic). Trade schools or vocational schools under construction can be a lucrative option. Let's take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages involved in the decision. Construction Ready is a great way to get the NCCER Core, but it's not the only credential you should have before applying for a job in construction.
So what skills do you need to be a construction worker? It all comes down to your ability to work as a team, not to mention earning some basic construction credentials. Formal construction training gives you an understanding of key construction concepts, such as building codes, safety protocols, and current construction techniques. It is an introduction to the most fundamental and essential skills that construction professionals must possess. Individual construction companies and associations, such as the Associated General Contractors of America (AGC), offer internship programs through local construction partners.
So how do you win? A construction training program such as Construction Ready usually offers the credential as part of the training course. That's why many contractors rely on temporary or contingent construction personnel agencies to cover their construction labor needs accurately and immediately. A basic level of training and study to obtain some basic construction credentials can help you understand the risks and responsibilities of working as a construction professional. Headquartered in Glendale, Arizona, the AAI offers an 18-month program of specialization in applied sciences in the construction industry.
The modern construction worker needs a combination of technical knowledge, physical endurance and effective communication skills. Construction degree programs provide an environment in which architects, construction managers, and interior designers collaborate to learn building design. With a single call to a construction staffing agency, you save all the time needed to post a construction job, interview, select and hire a construction worker. Familiarity with the materials and tools needed to cover a wide range of construction services is invaluable to a worker's skill set. | {
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<urn:uuid:c5d47489-598f-431a-aa9d-1af159995d84> | Cloud computing has proved to be the most superior era. This is assisting many business proprietors to gain their due fulfillment. Though there may be a completely excessive scope from this excessive generation in bringing fruitful consequences within the enterprise, there were a few flaws. Most human beings are very worried about the security worries related to the imagination and prescience of cloud computing techniques. However, you must not feel disheartened before using this technology because you’ll benefit from its utilization.
Cloud computing is a generation wherein the calculation isn’t executed manually via the net. It offers information, shared assets, and software programs to numerous computers as and once they require. It follows the pattern of the power grid. Cloud computing is the technique of distributing congregated offerings that are furnished through the internet medium. The generation is updated and is categorized into three forms: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). The significance of ‘cloud’ in cloud computing was adopted due to the image of the cloud, which symbolizes net flowcharts and diagrams.
A cloud computing carrier has three discrete properties, making it specific from different web hosting offerings. This is the only bendy provider because it’s far bought in step with the user’s requirements, usually by the minute or the hour. It is as much as the person whether he wants to use as a great deal or as little of the provider at any time as they need. Interestingly, it’s managed using the cloud computing provider where the character needs a PC and an internet connection. The rest of the tasks are controlled through the service provider. Many inventions might be given in virtualization, and the distribution of computing in conjunction with better facilities in phrases of the high velocity of the net, and these have been fundamental reasons for attracting more and more customers.
A cloud is of mainly two sorts: non-public and public. The two sorts vary in their functionality. The former is an instance of data middle available to a selected number of human beings, even as the latter is a cloud that lets everybody use its offerings on the internet.
ISO 27000 is the constituent of a growing circle of relatives of ISO Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) requirements, the ‘ISO 27000 series’. Information Security Management Systems offered via an enterprise consistent with the specifications ISO27001 is an assurance of protection that is up to date. You can judge that the corporation is very dependable in terms of safety because it is miles the latest well-known. ISO 27000 is likewise called ISO 27k, registered below ISO, the. e. International Organization for Standardization.
The collection is an excellent source of steerage on recommendations concerning records safety control, dangers, and controls inside the milieu of an ordinary Information Security Management System. It assures the overall security of the customers and the agencies. The ISO 27000 collection is intentionally vast in scope. It isn’t always only restrained in your privacy but seems after all the factors of confidentiality and IT or technical safety troubles. This carrier is offered to all companies, whether huge or small. Every business enterprise needs the safety of its whole device, and the statistics this is personal. Thus, it seems it can confirm the statistics and what danger may be averted. The ISMS idea could be unique in layout to management structures for high-quality assurance of protection. It is considered to be a nice way to shop for your information. The ISMS idea changed into delivered to sell the security of the groups and ensure that the businesses are relieved from the hassle of dangers that their information might precipitate.
ISO 27000 was added by using subcommittee 27 of this business enterprise. The agencies ought to always look for such a certification. This trend denotes a protection control machine that is worried regarding the safety of records and protects them as it has managed over it. Informal denotation implies that it agrees with specific necessities. The corporations that assert to have adopted ISO/IEC 27000 may be considered ideal for the offerings and could be said to be licensed compliant with the usual.
Cloud computing provider vendors must be selected very carefully. You should look at if they are certified with the aid of 27000 own families of requirements. This will continually keep you up to date with the safety because of the high stage that has been given. Many groups could offer cloud computing offerings; however, if you do not test for their excellence, you may be at a loss later. It may be very apparent that you’ll never be in prefer of any 1/3 celebration accessing your exceedingly touchy statistics, which must be within the confines of your company. It would help if you took all the vital measures to investigate the provider companies in view that it is the essential step to both assist your go away you and your commercial enterprise at the chance.
Though cloud computing provider companies are continually worried about your advantage, it’s miles a wise step to ensure that your commercial enterprise is in the secure arms. Once you know your carrier provider is certified using ISO 27000 circle of relatives of standards, you may effortlessly take their assistance. It will ensure that your business security is given due attention while your business enterprise lets the very service company access various details. Cloud computing offerings have proven that commercial enterprise owners, whom the aid of large companies had oppressed, had an accurate way to thrust upward. Small and medium-sized commercial enterprise businesses have often been unable to meet industry standards in advance. Still, the choice of cloud computing has made them see a brand new light in this exceedingly aggressive global. The only constraint a few service vendors may additionally cause is that they’ll not be licensed. It is quite recommended that as a responsible business owner, you must be very cautious even when deciding on your cloud computing carrier company. | {
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<urn:uuid:2a41bd9c-c956-41f7-88c1-0e0d6fb85982> | This seminar focuses on the art of Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino, 1483–1520). This High Renaissance painter lived most of his life in Rome, the “eternal city.” Under the influence of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, Raphael composed works of art that were infused with atmospheric perspective, softened color transitions (sfumato), brilliance of color, anatomical accuracy, and grazia (grace). His graceful forms and designs moved viewers and influenced artists throughout succeeding centuries, in particular the British Academy of Joshua Reynolds, the Pre-Raphaelite painters, and the artists of the Nazarene movement. The seminar will discuss Raphael’s drawings, paintings and architecture as well as the impact of his art as disseminated through the printmaking of Marcantonio Raimondi.
Liana De Girolami Cheney, PhD, is Emerita Professor of Art History from UMASS Lowell and the winner of the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award. She is a Renaissance and Mannerist scholar, author, and coauthor of numerous articles and books including: Botticelli’s Neoplatonism in his Mythological Painting; The Homes of Giorgio Vasari; Giorgio Vasari’s Teachers: Sacred and Profane Love; Neoplatonism and the Art; Giuseppe Arcimboldo: The Magic Painting; Readings in Italian Mannerism I and II; Giorgio Vasari’s Art and Art Theory; Giorgio Vasari’s Artistic and Emblematic Manifestations; Agnolo Bronzino: The Florentine Muse; Lavinia Fontana’s Mythological Paintings; and Barbara Longhi from Ravenna. | {
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<urn:uuid:8baa127e-506e-4a72-a39d-63a5182f071e> | A recent text suggests that with a human-centered design mindset, “all problems, even the seemingly intractable ones like poverty, gender equality, and clean water, are solvable.” This claim, however, is not borne out by over a decade of design projects in international development. Time and time again, issues beyond the traditional scope of design – of preexisting culture, politics, and economics – overwhelm the impact of even the best-designed artifacts and processes.
To explain this phenomenon, I propose a simple Law of Amplification that suggests (1) when good design is most likely to have a positive impact; (2) how following good design principles should sometimes lead away from problems addressable via design; and (3) why in some contexts, designers can be much more helpful in a teaching capacity than in a designing one. Finally, for those who might disagree, I’ll offer a couple of “impossible design challenges,” the solutions to which would invalidate my claims, but which I would nevertheless very much like to see realized.
About the Speaker
KentaroToyama is W.K. Kellogg Associate Professor at the University of Michigan School of Information, a fellow of the Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and Transformative Values at MIT, and author of *Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change from the Cult of Technology*. Until 2009, Toyama was assistant managing director of Microsoft Research India, where he founded a research group that conducts interdisciplinary research to invent new ways for technology to support the socio-economic development of the world’s poorest communities. Prior to his time in India, Toyama did computer vision and machine learning research and taught mathematics at Ashesi University in Accra, Ghana. Toyama graduated from Yale with a PhD in Computer Science and from Harvard with a bachelor’s degree in Physics. | {
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<urn:uuid:8697a7fe-967c-4793-956a-22bb30bf2bae> | Astronomers have discovered that the closest black holes to Earth may exist in the Hyades star cluster. Observations made with the Gaia satellite suggest that several black holes likely exist in this nearby group of stars. The results were recently published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
The Hyades is an open cluster that lies 153 light-years away and makes up the head of the Bull in the constellation Taurus. As one of the closest star clusters to us, any black holes found there would be the nearest known black holes in the universe.
“This observation helps us understand how the presence of black holes affects the evolution of star clusters and how star clusters in turn contribute to gravitational wave sources,” Mark Gieles, an astrophysicist at the Universitat de Barcelona and co-author of the study, said in a statement. “These results also give us insight into how these mysterious objects are distributed across the galaxy.”
Open clusters are young, gravitationally bound groups of tens to hundreds of stars. The older, evolved, and most massive stars within open clusters are likely candidates to produce black holes at the ends of their lives.
Taurus is a great constellation for studying open clusters. Two of the brightest lie within this constellation: the Hyades and the Pleiades (M45). Because it is the larger, closer, and brighter of the two, the Hyades is one of the best-studied open clusters. The V-shaped group formed about 625 million years ago and its stars are spread over a diameter of about 20 light-years.
Finding hidden black holes
Because detecting black holes is difficult — they are black, after all — Gieles’ team used computer simulations to determine whether the Hyades might contain black holes. The team combined information about the stars’ mass with data collected from Gaia to track the movement and evolution of the stars in the Hyades cluster. Scientists then compared the true positions and movements of the stars in the Hyades to the simulation results.
“Our simulations can only simultaneously match the mass and size of the Hyades if some black holes are present at the center of the cluster today, or until recently,” said lead author Stefano Torniamenti, an astrophysicist at the University of Padua and lead author of the study.
The simulations match the Hyades observations well when they assume two or three small black holes in the cluster. However, simulations in which black holes were ejected from the cluster less than 150 million years ago also match the observations. That’s because even after they’re gone, the previous presence of black holes can leave hints of their presence in the motions of the stars for some time.
The findings suggest that black holes either still lie inside the cluster or remain close to the group, only recently having been kicked out. Thanks to the Hyades’ proximity, any associated black holes would be the closest yet known to the Sun.
Overall, the study suggests that the distribution and motion of stars gives researchers a promising way to look for black hole signatures in open clusters. Although this study has demonstrated the likelihood of black holes within the Hyades, no black hole has yet been observed directly, and more observations need to be made to know for sure. | {
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<urn:uuid:9f5c2c4f-b2f7-4324-84af-4b2cc1a6e030> | Legumes are the edible seeds contained in the pod of plants belonging to the Leguminosae family. Cultivated and consumed by man since ancient times: lentil, pea and soybean seeds have been found that date back to over 5000 years BC.
Legumes contain proteins in quantities equal to or greater than those of meat and twice as much as cereals. The proteins contained in legumes, however, alone are not enough to satisfy the daily requirement because they do not contain all the 8 essential amino acids, unlike meat, therefore they must be combined with cereals. Compared to animal proteins, vegetable ones (legumes and cereals) they have many advantages: they satiate more, are less caloric, with their soluble fiber the levels of cholesterol and glucose in the blood are regulated, with their insoluble fiber they facilitate the intestinal function keeping the intestine healthy, they create less waste products during their metabolism, thus causing less fatigue at the kidney level.
Spelled (Triticum dicoccum) is a cereal that belongs to the grass family. Rich in nutrients, it also has a high content of selenium which counteracts free radicals. Poor in essential amino acids, it is instead a good source of vitamins and mineral salts. Contains vitamins of groups A, B, C, E in addition to calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and potassium. It is a good source of protein and iron and contains a lot of fiber. Its main property, however, lies in the content of selenium and phytic acid that counteract the action of free radicals, the main causes of aging and all forms of cellular degeneration, for example tumors.
Pearly spelled, great flavor and less than 20 minutes for cooking.
Chickpeas, a precious legume due to its vegetable proteins and mineral salts.
Lentils Typical, very small, colorful and very tasty.
Fagioli all'Occhio (beans), an ancient variety used by Greeks and Romans, excellent for soups and velvety.
Chickpea flour, obtained from the stone grinding of our chickpeas, excellent for Farinata and all the doughs.
Berries, Raspberries and Blackberries, but only with delivery on the spot, are picked ripe and should be consumed immediately. | {
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<urn:uuid:2aa72b3b-dc6a-49d6-828b-0c9b231d3c04> | © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015. All rights are reserved. All researchers immersed in the world of recombinant protein production are in agreement that often the production and purification process of a protein can become a nightmare due to an unexpected behavior of the protein at different protocol stages. Once the protein is purified, scientists know that they still cannot relax. There is a decisive last step missing: performing a protein dialysis in a suitable buffer for subsequent experimental trials. Here is when we can find proteins that precipitate during dialysis by buffer-related factors (ionic strength, pH, etc.), which are intrinsic to each protein and are difficult to predict. How can we find the buffer in which a protein is more stable and with less tendency to precipitate? In this chapter we go over possible factors affecting the protein precipitation tendency during the dialysis process and describe a general dialysis protocol with tricks to reduce protein aggregation. Furthermore, we propose a fast method to detect the most appropriate buffer for the stability of a particular protein, performing microdialysis on a battery of different buffers to measure afterwards precipitation by a colorimetric method, and thus being able to choose the most suitable buffer for the dialysis of a given protein.
|Title of host publication||Insoluble Proteins: Methods and Protocols|
|Number of pages||9|
|Publication status||Published - 1 Dec 2014|
- Protein aggregation
- Protein precipitation
- Protein stability | {
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<urn:uuid:f8fc2235-2890-4a96-9af5-883f53511a77> | The constellation was deactivated on March 31st, 2020 but Planet still offers data archive years 2009 to 2020.
The RapidEye constellation of five satellites had the unique ability to acquire high resolution, large-area image data on a daily basis.
RapidEye's imaging capabilities can be applied to a host of industries, including agriculture, forestry, oil and gas exploration, power and engineering and construction, governments, cartography and mining.
The RapidEye system was able to collect an unprecedented 4 million square kilometers of data per day at 6.5 meter nominal ground resolution. Each satellite measuring less than one cubic meter and weighs 150 kg (bus + payload). All five satellites were equipped with identical sensors and are located in the same orbital plane. RapidEye satellites included the Red-Edge band, which is sensitive to changes in chlorophyll content.
Each of the five satellites were identically calibrated so that images between satellites are indistinguishable from each other.
The RapidEye images are best suited for all applications that require an updated and frequent monitoring, thanks to their ability to deliver multiple information on the same area collected in a very short time interval.
The five satellites provided an important contribution in the emergency management and response for the speed with which they can collect satellite data and make it available in case of exceptional events.
Examples of RapidEye data available | {
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<urn:uuid:18fe709a-b66e-4632-acc4-d9f633803ae7> | 9 June 2023
Venturing into the realm of data visualisation and analytics, you'll quickly come across a vast array of tools, including valuable Power BI courses, all designed to make the process more efficient and understandable. Power BI, a term frequently encountered in these courses, stands out amongst these tools. But what does Power BI actually denote? This article endeavours to unravel the full meaning of Power BI and delve into why this tool, often highlighted in Power BI courses, has skyrocketed in popularity within the data analytics domain.
Microsoft, a giant in the tech industry, developed Power BI, a Business Intelligence tool. Therefore, 'Power Business Intelligence' constitutes the full form of Power BI.
Let's delve deeper into the significance of this term.
Business Intelligence (BI), a key component in Power BI, encompasses strategies and technologies that enterprises deploy for analysing business information. These BI technologies offer historical, current, and predictive perspectives of business operations, with the ultimate aim of transforming raw data into comprehensible and actionable intelligence for businesses.
The term "Power" in Power BI signifies the potent capabilities of this tool. Power BI possesses the ability to manage vast data quantities, build complex data models, and generate a multitude of report types - all powerful attributes vital for robust business intelligence.
Power BI stands as an all-encompassing business analytics tool, offering interactive visualisations and business intelligence capabilities via an interface user-friendly enough for end users to craft their reports and dashboards.
Power BI integrates several components:
Power BI's proficiency in converting raw data into precious insights underscores its indispensability in contemporary business operations. It can establish connections to an extensive variety of data sources, from Excel spreadsheets to cloud services like Azure SQL Database and third-party offerings like Salesforce.
Thus, when faced with the question, "What is the full form of Power BI?" remember it's far more than a mere abbreviation - it's an acknowledgement of the tool's potent business intelligence capabilities.
Q: What is the full form of Power BI? A: 'Power Business Intelligence' constitutes the full form of Power BI, a Business Intelligence tool crafted by Microsoft.
Q: What does Business Intelligence signify in Power BI? A: Business Intelligence in Power BI pertains to strategies and technologies applied for data analysis of business information. Power BI supplies tools that transform raw data into comprehensible and actionable intelligence for businesses.
Q: What elements constitute Power BI? A: Power BI incorporates Power BI Desktop (a Windows application for creating reports), Power BI Service (an online service for sharing reports and fostering collaboration), and Power BI Mobile (a mobile application for viewing reports and dashboards).
Q: Is it possible to learn Power BI in 2 days? The straightforward answer is, yes, you can learn the basics of Power BI in two days. However, gaining a comprehensive understanding and mastery of the tool will take more time and practice.
In conclusion, bear in mind that Power BI transcends a mere tool; it offers a comprehensive solution for businesses to translate data into insights, thereby driving informed decision-making. It truly serves as the lynchpin of Business Intelligence. | {
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<urn:uuid:c52dac14-e0c3-4042-8008-270ce29c39b0> | The Sāsana-vaṃsa is a history of Buddhism in Burma, composed by the Burmese monk Paññāsāmi in 1861. It is written in Pali prose, and based on earlier documents in Pali and Burmese, still extant, but which had not been edited at the end of the nineteenth century.
The earlier part of the work deals with the history of Buddhism outside of Burma. This is based on the Mahavamsa, and other well-known Sri Lankan works. The latter part of the work, about three-fifths of the whole, deals with Buddhism in Burma.
|This article includes content from Sāsanavaṃsa on Wikipedia (view authors). License under CC BY-SA 3.0.| | {
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<urn:uuid:8ecd46ef-5c0d-4a11-b228-e5aeae6e5a46> | Rural communities are generally considered friendly, welcoming places. While this may be true for some, there is also a strong history of suspicion of outsiders, especially if they look, sound, or act differently from the local population. This kind of resistance or rejection is a structural barrier to opportunity for the excluded groups and the larger community.
The changing demographics and growing diversity of many rural communities present the opportunity for long-time residents to engage one another and newcomers in a process of mutual learning that can foster a healthier community dynamic.
Aspen CSG recently held a virtual discussion with 120 rural leaders focused on these issues. This learning reflection curates ideas and related resources shared by participants. We may not have all the answers, but together, we are learning strategies to ensure that each and every person is welcomed to the community, feels connected, and is able to exercise and influence power in community decision-making.
Why is welcoming important for rural communities?
- Recent data show that many rural communities are beginning to grow, thanks to an influx of new residents, many of whom are immigrants from all over the world.
- Today’s economy presents a challenge for longtime and new residents alike, and this is particularly true for immigrants who may have linguistic or legal barriers to work and social services. Rural communities that are more welcoming to immigrants and new residents are more successful at attracting residents and growing their economies.
- It’s not only immigrants who need to be welcomed into rural communities. Some rural places are seeing an influx of newcomers from urban areas due to the rising costs of urban living and remote employment. Welcoming community initiatives are also helping build and restore positive community relationships between Native nations and nearby non-Indigenous residents.
- Our changing climate is already causing migration, and as the negative effects of climate change and severe weather increase, all communities need to be better prepared to welcome new residents.
What rural welcoming looks like in practice
- Rural practitioners emphasized the importance of adopting a formal welcoming plan at the city or county level. A welcoming plan can provide the strategic map to organize public and non-profit efforts at welcoming into a coherent whole. Welcoming information and happenings can be shared via social media pages, like this one from Dodge City, KS.
- Plans might include programs for newly-arrived high school-age children and parents to meet local basic service providers like first responders, school officials, and local government leaders to help immigrant populations better understand public services that are available to them as members of the community.
- Because rural populations are spread across wide geography, participants suggested that mobile services for health screenings and immigration legal support are more effective at reaching and serving rural populations than a fixed location. In one example, a rural municipality offered its buildings rent-free to mobile programs to extend and support efforts to support new residents.
- Conscious and intentional design of rural welcoming events is crucial. Whether it is designing a Welcoming Week that allows communities and businesses to showcase their cultural distinctiveness or storytelling sessions for both longtime and new residents, care must be taken to meet people where they are both physically and emotionally.
- This can mean hosting gatherings at local immigrant-owned businesses or community churches rather than in public facilities. It means creating space for newcomers to bring their own food and culinary traditions, music, and cultural norms to an event. Encouraging visibility when designing an event will make it more inclusive and welcoming. Allow people to design their own ways to engage with community events instead of forcing them to get involved with the systems that already exist.
- One participant shared how their rural health system created a facilitated story-sharing effort open to patients, employees, and community members to foster understanding. By sharing past experiences of rural life, people of very different backgrounds could “walk a mile in another person’s shoes.” Another health system uses bilingual health navigators to help non-English speaking residents have more equitable access to hospital resources.
Building trust is a key component of welcoming
- Welcoming communities require a foundation of trust. Practitioners emphasized the importance of establishing trust between longtime residents and newcomers and suggested that trust is a key ingredient to the success of a welcoming initiative.
- Trust is built through hard, intentional work. Language is too often a barrier to trust, particularly with immigrant residents. Practitioners suggested that language exchanges, where residents spent time learning each other’s languages, were a good way to build trust and share culture. Aspen CSG recently published two resources on building trust and growing language skills with immigrant residents.
- Open and honest communication is a primary way to build bridges among different social groups in a community. Practitioners emphasized that conversation must be two-way and that everyone should have the space for meaningful participation.
- This means that longtime, often white, residents must be open to and willing to enter initially uncomfortable spaces to experience new cultures, foods, and events as part of the welcoming process.
- Welcoming does not mean that newcomers integrate into the local culture. Instead, as one participant put it, through the process of building trust with newcomers, longtime residents can “come to find affinity in appreciating our differences.”
Welcoming all to the community can change power dynamics
- In many communities, power is held by a local elite that can be resistant to change. Many rural practitioners suggest that shifting power dynamics is a big part of their local welcoming initiatives.
- Power held by a small group can exclude many residents, not just immigrants or other newcomers. One rural practitioner from Alaska shared a story of how cultural and linguistic exchange between an Alaska Native tribe and a nearby non-native community promoted closer relationships and increased the desire of political leaders to find solutions across jurisdictional boundaries.
- Representation matters. Practitioners emphasized that even in majority non-white rural communities, control over political offices and boards can be largely or exclusively white. Diversifying leadership is a crucial step to creating a welcoming community since those in power will more closely represent the whole community. One step forward is creating a cultural advisory board that can advise the city or county on steps to be more welcoming.
- Shifting power through welcoming can change the economy too. One practitioner explained how their local welcoming initiative helped identify a common culture of growing food in backyard gardens. This helped shift local laws to make growing and selling food and livestock easier, creating new pathways for food sovereignty and entrepreneurship.
Models for Welcoming and Engaging Community
Participants shared a few organizations helping their towns and rural places be more welcoming:
- Welcoming America, and particularly their Rural Welcoming Initiative, provides resources and technical assistance to rural communities seeking to become more welcoming to new residents, particularly immigrants. Welcoming America’s Certified Welcoming program has served as a valuable roadmap for local governments seeking to build truly welcoming communities.
- Community Heart and Soul is a process tailored for small towns that can help engage the ‘missing voices’ in rural communities. It is a resident-driven process that engages the entire population of a town in identifying what they love most about their community, what future they want for it, and how to achieve it.
- Weave: The Social Fabric Project at the Aspen Institute supports ‘weavers’ who have found a more connected way to live by working in neighborhoods and towns to create connections and lead with love. Weave connects and supports weavers within the community who are creating a more welcoming place for all.
- Strong Towns advocates for cities of all sizes to be safe, livable, and inviting. They work to elevate local government to be the highest level of collaboration for people working together in a place.
The ideas and resources shared in this blog arose from a wide-ranging conversation and networking session among rural development practitioners. Devin Deaton, Action Learning Manager with the Aspen Institute Community Strategies Group, curated the learning reflection.
Open Field sessions inform and are informed by Aspen CSG’s Thrive Rural Framework, a tool that aims to help communities and Native nations across the rural United States become healthy places where each and every person belongs, lives with dignity, and thrives. To join the next Open Field session, register here. | {
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<urn:uuid:24761661-7e09-48fc-b954-fe762df762c7> | 20 years into a new century how do we understand educational expertise?
In Finland teachers are trusted professionals, who have a large degree of autonomy over pedagogy and assessment, are able to carry out research, and play a critical role in the design of curricula (Pollari, Salo & Koski, 2018). This does not appear to be the case in many other jurisdictions, including Australia. Indeed, increasingly “teachers and principals are cast as technicians who have the technical skills to implement the ideas of others but not the professional expertise to engage in the exciting task of theorizing and designing curriculum” (Reid, 2019, p. 44-45).
This has led to a growing call for teachers to become ‘research-engaged’ (Godfrey, 2016) and for teachers’ practice to be more research-informed (Kolber & Heggart, 2021). However, the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers (AITSL, 2011) do not expect teachers to ‘access and critique relevant research’ unless they wish to be recognised as ‘highly accomplished’ and do not expect them to engage in research until they become ‘lead teachers’. In contrast, the OECD (2021) argue that teachers need to be experts in learning, and this means that they need to be involved in research, because “the current knowledge base is not in the library; it is in the invisible college of informal associations among research[ers]’ (Locke et al., 2009, p. 48). Indeed, to be a mature profession you need to own (i.e. create) the knowledge base – you have to be research literate (Sachs, 2016, cited in Mills et al., 2021), which “means being both a discerning consumer and a discerning producer of research” (Mills et al., 2021, p. 81).
Beyond individual teachers, the turn to more research-informed practice is reflected in the proliferation of government-backed education research institutes devoted to influencing policy and practice, among them the Education Endowment Foundation in the UK, the What Works Clearinghouse/ Institute of Education Sciences in the US, and the Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. These initiatives attempt to address the ‘theory-practice gap’ which the OECD (2021, Executive Summary) identified as a “major barrier to the use of scientific knowledge and research evidence” in education. However, these research clearing houses tend to adopt a ‘What works’ approach that de-professionalises teachers (Gore 2020, cited in Mills et al., 2021) by presenting them with guidance on ‘evidence informed practice’ that can marginalise context and individual teacher’s expertise. The Gonski 2.0 Report (Department of Education and Training, 2018) recommended creating a national evidence and research institute, which led to the formation of the Australian Research Education Organisation (AERO) in 2021, which aims to build more explicitly upon teachers’ expertise.
Similarly, a positive approach is evident in the Q Project at Monash University, which with $6.3million of funding from the Ramsay Foundation, is exploring teachers’ use of evidence. This at least positions teachers as engaging directly with research, rather than having it mediated by centralized research clearing houses. However, this still positions teachers as consumers of research, rather than as researchers. In today’s knowledge economy being seen as having expertise requires that you are contributing to the professional knowledge base, not just drawing upon it (Twining & Henry, 2014).
A quiet revolution
In the last decade, a growing number of schools have moved to embed ‘research-informed practice’ as a key part of their professional learning and improvement agendas. While research has long been happening in schools this has often been on the periphery, or something done ‘to’ schools rather than ‘by’ schools. Breaking this pattern, in the last few years more than 30 Australian schools have either established a ‘research centre’ or ‘institute’ of some description, or appointed a ‘research lead’, often reworking an existing senior leadership role to explicitly focus on research. They are raising the expectation for schools as not just passive consumers of expert knowledge produced elsewhere, but genuine contributors to the knowledge economy.
What we’re calling ‘Research Invested Schools’ embrace research and innovation as key to their identity and enterprise. They have clear research and innovation priorities, engage staff in inquiry programs from practitioner research through to PhDs, and are both conducting their own studies and translating research conducted elsewhere. Many Research Invested Schools emphasise practitioner research, where teachers design and implement small projects inquiring into their practice. For example, Pymble Ladies’ College supports research through its own ethics committee, which has membership across the school and academic community. Staff and student research is published through their ‘Illuminate’ and ‘Perspectives’ journals. Similarly, the Barker Institute at Barker College publishes a journal of staff academic writing, hosts public events, and conducts its own research. For example, it is conducting a longitudinal study following the journey of a cohort of students through 10 years at Barker.
Whilst Research Invested Schools can and do carry out research independently, they may also form partnerships with local universities or school networks, (such as the Association of Independent Schools of NSW’s School-Based Research Projects program). Some schools have acted as industry partners for major Australian Research Council linkage grants, such as studies of Indigenous education between The Scots College and the Australian Catholic University, and next-generation learning spaces between Brisbane’s Anglican Church Grammar School and the Learning Environments Applied Research Network at the University of Melbourne. Research Invested Schools are also very focused on research translation, especially parent and community education, sharing their learning through conferences, lectures, publications, podcasts, webinars and more. The Crowther Centre at Brighton Grammar School in Melbourne produces a podcast featuring leading thinkers on boys and boys’ education, which has over 60,000 followers.
By contributing to the development and utilisation of educational research, Research Invested Schools are helping to re-professionalise teaching and reinvigorate teachers as experts.
A group of schools hosted by The Scots College, Sydney, recently hosted a gathering of over 20 leaders of Research Invested Schools around the country. These schools are eager to connect for joint projects and shared professional learning, and to advocate for schools as learning organisations and teachers as trusted experts leading a grass-roots renewal of the teaching profession.
This article was developed in collaboration with Hugh Chilton (The Scots College), Caitlin Munday (The Scots College), Allyson Holbrook (University of Newcastle), and Carl Leonard (University of Newcastle).
Peter is Professor of Education (Innovation in Schooling & Educational Technology) at the University of Newcastle (Australia), having formerly been Professor of Education (Futures) at the Open University (UK). He has also been a primary school teacher, initial teacher educator, the Head of Department of Education at the Open University, the Co-Director of the Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology, and Co-Editor in Chief of Computers & Education. He has brought in over £10million of external funding, most of which was focussed on issues to do with the purposes of education, the management of educational change, and enhancing education systems, informed by understandings of learning, pedagogy and the potentials of digital technology. He blogs at https://halfbaked.education, is @PeterT on Twitter and his LinkedIn profile is at https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-twining/. | {
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<urn:uuid:a0f079a5-5fdc-4470-b83e-c2a0cd65e8cd> | Dementia and hiding, hoarding or losing things
Find out why a person may hide, hoard or lose things, as well as how you can help.
- How does dementia change a person's behaviour?
- What causes changes in behaviour in people with dementia?
- Reducing and managing behaviour that challenges
- Repetitive behaviour and dementia
- Trailing, following, checking and dementia
- You are here: Dementia and hiding, hoarding or losing things
- Loss of inhibitions and dementia
- Restlessness and agitation in dementia
- Social withdrawal and dementia
- Behaviour that challenges - looking after yourself
- Changes in behaviour - useful organisations
A person with dementia may hide things, store them for a long time, or lose them.
This can be distressing for the person, as they may think someone is taking things from them. It can also be frustrating if you have to spend time finding things or trying to find out from the person where they are.
Why might a person with dementia hide, hoard or lose things?
People with dementia often lose items as a result of their memory loss. They may misplace common items, such as glasses or keys, or put an item somewhere for safekeeping and then forget where it is. They may also leave items in unusual places – for example, leaving the remote control in the bathroom, or tea bags in the fridge.
If the person thinks an item should be somewhere and it’s not, this may lead them to think that someone is hiding or stealing things from them. This is a type of delusion. It can be difficult both for the person and those around them. It can help to try see things from their point of view. The person with dementia is trying to make sense of their reality and what is happening.
By hiding and hoarding things, the person may be trying to have some control of their situation. They may feel they need to stockpile items.
It is also important to note that there may be truth in what the person is saying – don’t dismiss it because they have dementia.
How you can help a person with dementia who is hiding, hoarding or losing things
- Try to keep items in places where the person is used to them being – for example, hanging keys on a specific hook or always keeping them in the same drawer.
- Consider getting copies of items that are important or often misplaced, such as keys, glasses or important documents.
- Keep rooms and drawers tidy so that things are less likely to get lost and easier to find if they are misplaced. Put items that are often used where they can be seen and are easily accessible.
- Consider getting a tray marked ‘letters’ or ‘post’ to make sure that these do not get misplaced. This can also allow you to double-check important items such as GP appointment letters or test results, as long as the person consents to this.
- Use visual clues to explain where items go, such as pictures or photos stuck to cupboard doors as reminders of what goes inside them.
- Consider a locator device to help find items that often get lost, such as keys. For more information on these see Using technology to help with everyday life.
- When looking for a lost item, use your knowledge of the person to help you think where they might have put things.
- If the person puts items in unusual places but this doesn’t pose a risk to anyone in the household, it may be best to leave things as they are.
Assistive technology to help with losing things
There are many devices that can help with everyday living, including hiding, hoarding or losing things. | {
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<urn:uuid:e5b37b51-2a56-4bc6-bc89-0d5a1abcd480> | Characterization is one of my favorite skills to teach. Let’s face it. In what other way can you be a teacher like Miss Nelson, live on a farm like Fern, or survive a plane crash like Brian? It is with characters that our students are able to use their imagination and just get lost in a book. When we think of our favorite books, the characters are what come to mind, and that’s because great books have well developed characters.
As we teach characterization, we typically focus on the characters thoughts, feelings, actions, and words to determine character traits. When we are determining character traits, we are essentially using the text evidence to help us make inferences about the type of person the character is.
For many students, this skill builds vocabulary knowledge too. Nearly all students could select a hero or villain, and they could most likely identify them as happy, sad, mad, or kind. As we delve into characterization more deeply though, vocabulary lags can make identifying the correct trait challenging.
As I teach character traits, I usually provide a character traits sheet as a reference like the one below for my students to keep in their interactive notebooks. This familiarizes students with the more challenging vocabulary with repeated discussions.
Characterization includes character change
In addition to learning about traits, we also ask students to observe how the characters change through time. Characters are typically not static, but are rather dynamic, changing across the story plot. It is important that students record evidence during their reading, and this organizer may help your readers too. It comes from Ms. Sanchez’s Fourth Grade website. I love how it ties to the plot events.
support to help students with characterization
I have also used this organizer with my students when we’ve just focused on Character Traits. You can use this with any text, and when I’m modeling, I often project this organizer and record our thinking and on it as I share a favorite mentor text with a strong character.
In reading Comprehension Connections, one recommended technique for skill instruction is to post leading questions for student to think about as they work on the skill. You might give these questions stems to guide student thinking.
questions to support characterization
- How does the character change in the story?
- How are the two characters different in the way that they do ____?
- How did the character’s actions make him/her a very important person in the story?
- Which phrase best describes the character?
- What does the character do to make you think he/she is ____?
- What does the character say to make you think he/she is ____?
- How do you think the character feels about ____?
Now that I’ve shared a few ideas on characterization, I will move to the fun part…mentor texts. When selecting a mentor text for characterization, you want a book that has a strong character or two. There are so many wonderful options, so narrowing the list is truly impossible. I decided to include a variety because the choice depends upon the grade level and your students interests.
OTHER POSTS ABOUT CHARACTERIZATION YOU MIGHT LIKE:
- EASY WAYS TO TEACH CHARACTERIZATION IN LESS TIME!
- EXPLORING CHARACTERIZATION WITH STREGA NONA AND BIG ANTHONY
- HOW TO TEACH CHARACTERIZATION WITH LILLY’S PURPLE PLASTIC PURSE
Below, I featured four titles: The Library Dragon, Strega Nona, Jamie O’Rourke and the Big Potato, and Amazing Grace. Check out these resources to use with each.
In addition to these great titles for characterization, I also offer this fun characterization project. Students get to work through instructional pages, guided practice, and application to new reading. Teachers really like this project and here’s what one had to say about it.
“I just watched your amazing video about this resource and can’t wait to use this with my daughter. Amazing Grace is one of our favorite books, and the way you presented the lesson will help make it meaningful as we work on characterization this week. I am going to check out your other paper bag books now.”
What are your favorite books for teaching this skill? Share them in the comments. | {
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<urn:uuid:6ddb5d71-dae5-411b-8e62-17e3893cb6e5> | The concept that electrons travel in definite paths has been a topic of great interest among scientists for many years. This belief, which has shaped our understanding of the behavior of electrons, has had a profound impact on various fields of study, such as physics and chemistry. In this article, we will explore the origins of this idea and the scientists who have contributed to its development.
The History of the Idea
The idea that electrons travel in definite paths, known as the Bohr model of the atom, was first proposed by Danish physicist Niels Bohr in 1913. Bohr’s model was based on the observation that atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation at specific frequencies, known as spectral lines. He proposed that electrons could only occupy certain energy levels, each corresponding to a specific orbit around the nucleus.
Bohr’s model was a significant departure from the prevailing understanding of the atom at the time. Prior to his work, scientists believed that electrons could occupy any orbit around the nucleus, making atomic behavior unpredictable. Bohr’s concept introduced the idea of quantization in atomic systems, meaning that electrons could only exist in specific energy states. This breakthrough paved the way for further advancements in atomic theory.
Niels Bohr and the Bohr Model
Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, was the key figure behind the development of the Bohr model. Born in 1885, Bohr made significant contributions to our understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics. His work on the Bohr model earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
Bohr’s model proposed that electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus, similar to the planets in our solar system. These orbits were called energy levels, with each level corresponding to a specific amount of energy. Electrons could transition between energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy in the form of photons.
However, while Bohr’s model successfully explained the spectral lines observed in hydrogen atom emission spectra, it failed to accurately describe more complex atoms. The model’s assumptions about circular orbits and fixed energy levels were too simplistic to account for the true behavior of electrons. Nevertheless, Bohr’s model laid the foundation for future advancements in atomic theory.
Development of Quantum Mechanics
The limitations of the Bohr model sparked further research and led to the development of quantum mechanics. In the 1920s, a new theory emerged, which focused on describing the behavior of particles on the atomic and subatomic scale. This theory, known as quantum mechanics, revolutionized our understanding of the behavior of electrons.
Quantum mechanics introduced the concept of electron wavefunctions, which describe the probability distribution of finding an electron in a certain region around the nucleus. The wavefunctions are mathematically represented by quantum mechanical equations, such as Schrödinger’s equation, which determine the possible energy states of electrons.
Unlike the Bohr model, quantum mechanics does not propose definite paths for electrons. Instead, it describes electrons as existing in a superposition of states, where they can simultaneously occupy multiple energy levels. This concept of electron cloud or orbital has become the accepted model for describing the behavior of electrons in atoms.
The belief that electrons travel in definite paths has played a vital role in shaping our understanding of atomic structure and behavior. Although the Bohr model, which proposed this idea, has been superseded by the development of quantum mechanics, it laid the foundation for further advancements in the field.
Today, we know that electrons do not travel in definite paths, but rather exist in probability distributions around the nucleus. This understanding has paved the way for numerous discoveries and applications in fields such as electronics, materials science, and nanotechnology. The exploration of electron behavior continues to be an active area of research, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the microcosmic world.
Early Theories of Electron Paths
When it comes to understanding the behavior of electrons within an atom, scientists have put forth various theories over the years. One of the earliest and most influential theories was the Bohr model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913. This model suggested that electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
The Bohr model was a significant advancement in the field of atomic physics, as it provided a simple and intuitive explanation for the observed spectra of elements. Bohr proposed that electrons occupy specific energy levels, or shells, around the nucleus. These shells, represented by circular orbits, were said to have distinct energy levels and were stable. Electrons could transition between these energy levels by absorbing or emitting energy in discrete quantities.
The idea that electrons move in definite paths was a departure from earlier theories that suggested electrons were randomly distributed throughout the atom. In the Bohr model, electrons were assigned quantized angular momentum, meaning they were confined to specific paths and could not exist in between these paths. This concept brought about a more concrete understanding of electron behavior and helped explain many previously unexplained phenomena.
However, as our understanding of atomic structure progressed, it became clear that the Bohr model had limitations. It failed to explain certain experimental results and could not account for phenomena observed in more complex atoms. The theory needed refinement.
Further advancements in quantum mechanics brought about new theories that provided a more accurate description of electron paths within atoms. One such theory was the quantum mechanical model, which was developed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926. This model discarded the idea of fixed electron orbits and introduced the concept of electron probability clouds.
The quantum mechanical model posits that electrons do not follow precise paths but exist within regions around the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is high. These regions, known as orbitals, can be visualized as fuzzy clouds rather than well-defined orbits. The model describes electrons as having wave-like properties and assigns them wave functions to represent their behavior.
By considering the wave-like nature of electrons, the quantum mechanical model provides a more comprehensive understanding of their behavior. It explains phenomena that the Bohr model could not, such as the concept of electron spin and the behavior of electrons in multiple-electron atoms.
It is important to note that while the concept of definite paths for electrons was initially proposed in the Bohr model, our current understanding of electron behavior indicates that they do not travel in fixed orbits. The notion of electrons following precise paths was a simplification that helped scientists make sense of atomic phenomena at the time. The more accurate representation provided by the quantum mechanical model allows for a deeper understanding of electron behavior in atoms.
In conclusion, the early theories of electron paths, starting with the Bohr model, proposed that electrons move in fixed orbits around the nucleus of an atom. However, further advancements in quantum mechanics led to the development of the quantum mechanical model, which introduced the concept of electron probability clouds and abandoned the idea of definite paths. Our current understanding indicates that electrons do not travel in fixed orbits but exist within specific regions around the nucleus. The evolving theories and models in atomic physics have continuously improved our comprehension of electron behavior within atoms.
Quantum Mechanics and Uncertainty
The development of quantum mechanics challenged the idea of definite electron paths, introducing the concept of electron clouds and wave-particle duality.
Prior to the emergence of quantum mechanics, the prevailing understanding of the behavior of electrons in an atom was based on classical physics. According to classical physics, electrons were thought to orbit the nucleus in fixed, well-defined paths, much like planets orbiting the sun. This model, known as the Bohr model, provided a simplified picture of the atom and was successful in explaining certain properties of atoms.
However, as scientists delved deeper into the microscopic world, they began to realize that the behavior of particles, including electrons, was not as straightforward as the classical model suggested. Key breakthroughs in the early 20th century led to the development of quantum mechanics, a branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles on atomic and subatomic scales.
One of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics is the concept of wave-particle duality. According to this principle, particles such as electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. This means that electrons do not travel in definite paths like planets, but rather exist as a probability distribution known as an electron cloud. An electron cloud represents the regions in space where an electron is most likely to be found.
The electron cloud model provides a more realistic description of electron behavior, encompassing both the particle nature and the wave nature of electrons. The cloud represents the uncertainty associated with the position of an electron, as electrons do not have precise locations within the cloud but rather occupy a range of positions with varying probabilities. This uncertainty is denoted by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the precise position and momentum (or velocity) of a particle.
This uncertainty principle has significant implications for our understanding of electron behavior. It means that we can only predict the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of space, rather than knowing its exact path. This probabilistic nature of electron behavior is an inherent feature of quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world, challenging conventional notions of determinism and introducing a new level of uncertainty. It opened up new avenues for scientific inquiry and led to technological advancements such as the development of transistors and lasers.
Furthermore, the principles of quantum mechanics continue to be a topic of active research, with scientists exploring the fascinating properties of quantum systems. Quantum computing, for instance, is a burgeoning field that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to develop powerful computers capable of solving complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers.
In conclusion, the development of quantum mechanics challenged the idea of electrons traveling in definite paths and introduced the concept of electron clouds and wave-particle duality. The probabilistic nature of electron behavior, as described by quantum mechanics, revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world and has opened up new possibilities for scientific advancements and technological innovations.
The Uncertainty Principle
When it comes to the movement of electrons, the uncertainty principle plays a crucial role in challenging the idea of definite paths. According to this principle, formulated by German physicist Werner Heisenberg in 1927, it is impossible to simultaneously determine an electron’s position and momentum with complete accuracy.
The uncertainty principle suggests that the more precisely we attempt to measure the position of an electron, the less precisely we can determine its momentum, and vice versa. This means that we cannot know both the exact location and trajectory of an electron at any given moment. Therefore, the concept of electrons moving along definite paths becomes questionable and less plausible.
This principle revolutionized our understanding of quantum mechanics, revealing the inherent indeterminacy of the microscopic world. It implies that nature operates based on probabilities rather than absolutes, challenging our intuitive perception of deterministic processes. The uncertainty principle sets limits to our knowledge and emphasizes the unpredictable and probabilistic nature of the quantum realm.
Moreover, the uncertainty principle has far-reaching implications beyond the realm of electrons and subatomic particles. It extends to various phenomena like light, sound, and even macroscopic objects, albeit less noticeably. This principle implies that there is always an inherent uncertainty and fuzziness in our measurements and observations, regardless of the scale.
To illustrate this principle, let’s consider the famous thought experiment of Heisenberg’s microscope. Imagine trying to precisely determine an electron’s position by using a microscope with incredibly high-resolution optics. As you focus in on the electron’s position, the light photons used for observation interact with the electron and cause its momentum to change. The act of measurement itself disrupts the system being measured, making it impossible to determine both the position and momentum of the electron with absolute certainty.
The uncertainty principle challenges the classical notion of objects moving along definite paths and instead introduces the concept of electron clouds or probability distributions. Instead of picturing electrons orbiting the nucleus in well-defined orbits, the concept of orbitals emerged—a three-dimensional representation of the probability density of finding an electron within a certain region of space.
These orbitals provide us with a statistical description of the electron’s location within a given energy state. However, they do not represent a rigid path that an electron traverses, but rather a fuzzy region where the electron is most likely to be found. The electron’s exact position can only be determined probabilistically, capturing the inherent uncertainty associated with its movement.
Therefore, the idea of electrons following specific trajectories or definite paths is replaced by a probabilistic description guided by the wave-like nature of particles in quantum mechanics. Electrons are better understood as existing in a superposition of states, simultaneously occupying multiple positions until observed or measured, at which point their probability wave collapses to a definite position.
In conclusion, while it was once believed that electrons traveled in definite paths, the uncertainty principle introduced by Werner Heisenberg shattered this classical notion. According to this principle, it is impossible to simultaneously determine an electron’s position and momentum with complete accuracy, leading to the concept of electron clouds and probability distributions. The uncertainty principle challenges our intuitive understanding of the determinism of the physical world, highlighting the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.
Current Understanding: Probability Distributions
In modern physics, the understanding of electrons and their behavior has evolved considerably. We now know that electrons do not travel in definite paths around the nucleus of an atom, as was previously believed. Instead, their movement is described by probability distributions.
A probability distribution is a mathematical function that describes the likelihood of finding an electron in a particular region around the nucleus. It provides a statistical representation of the electron’s position at any given moment. This concept stems from the wave-particle duality of electrons, which suggests that electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
According to the principles of quantum mechanics, electrons exist in a state of superposition, meaning they can occupy multiple positions simultaneously. However, the likelihood of finding an electron in a specific region is not uniform. Instead, it follows a specific pattern dictated by the probability distribution.
Electron probability distributions are often represented using mathematical equations or visual representations called electron density plots. These plots show the regions in space where an electron is most likely to be found. The intensity of the colors or contours in the plot indicates the probability of finding the electron in a particular region.
The most commonly used probability distribution is the electron’s orbital, which describes the likelihood of finding an electron at different energy levels and positions around the nucleus. Orbitals are characterized by their shape, size, and orientation in space.
The most basic orbital is the s orbital, which has a spherical shape and is found closest to the nucleus. The p orbitals have a dumbbell shape and exist in sets of three, oriented along the x, y, and z axes. The d and f orbitals have more complex shapes and exist at higher energy levels.
The probability distributions of electrons in orbitals determine many of the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules. For example, the bonding and reactivity of elements depend on the arrangement and occupancy of their electron orbitals.
It is important to note that probability distributions do not provide a precise location for an electron at a specific moment. Instead, they give us the likelihood of finding an electron in a particular region. The actual position of an electron can only be determined through measurement, and even then, it is subject to uncertainty due to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Overall, the notion that electrons travel in definite paths around the nucleus has been replaced by the concept of probability distributions. This understanding has revolutionized the field of atomic and molecular physics, providing a more accurate description of the behavior of electrons and their involvement in chemical reactions and physical phenomena.
Early Theories: Electrons Travel in Definite Paths
In the early days of atomic theory, scientists believed that electrons traveled in definite paths around the nucleus of an atom. This idea was influenced by the observation of other celestial objects, such as planets orbiting the sun. They assumed that electrons would behave in a similar manner, following well-defined paths with specific energies.
This model of the atom, known as the Rutherford-Bohr model, was popularized in the early 20th century. According to this model, electrons were thought to exist in fixed energy levels or shells, with each shell representing a specific energy value. Electrons could jump between these energy levels by either absorbing or emitting energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
However, as scientists delved deeper into the nature of atoms and subatomic particles, they discovered that the behavior of electrons was not as straightforward as initially thought.
Quantum Mechanics: Probability Distributions and Wave-Particle Duality
The development of quantum mechanics revolutionized our understanding of the behavior of electrons. Instead of traveling in definite paths, electrons are now described by probability distributions, which indicate the likelihood of finding an electron in a particular region around the nucleus. These distributions are represented by mathematical equations known as wave functions.
One of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics is wave-particle duality. This concept suggests that electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, depending on how they are observed or measured. In some experiments, electrons behave as waves, showing interference and diffraction patterns. In other experiments, they behave as particles, being localized in specific regions.
Uncertainty Principle and the Electron’s Path
The uncertainty principle, proposed by Werner Heisenberg, further expanded our understanding of electrons. It states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine both the position and momentum of a subatomic particle with unlimited precision. This means that we cannot precisely know the path of an electron as it moves around the nucleus of an atom.
The uncertainty principle implies that the more accurately we try to measure the position of an electron, the less accurately we can know its momentum and vice versa. Therefore, the concept of well-defined paths for electrons becomes unrealistic in the quantum mechanical framework.
Instead, the position of an electron is described in terms of a probability distribution, indicating the likelihood of finding the electron in a particular region. The electron’s behavior can only be predicted in terms of probabilities.
In conclusion, our understanding of electrons and their behavior has evolved significantly over time. While early theories once suggested that electrons travel in definite paths, the development of quantum mechanics has shown that electrons are better described as probability distributions with wave-particle duality. The uncertainty principle further emphasizes that we cannot precisely determine the path of an electron. Our current understanding of electrons challenges our intuitive concepts of classical physics and highlights the complex nature of the microscopic world. | {
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<urn:uuid:28a1d85b-3b0c-499e-84c3-df7cbd1bf4f7> | Django is a Python-based web framework whose primary goal is to ease the creation of complex, database-driven websites.
For more information, check the official documentation here.
The Django applications comes with the following options:
Project directory (mandatory), points to the Django project directory. In the case of a new project, an empty directory can be pointed to.
Initialization, allows to execute a Bash script when the job starts. The script can be used to install additional software and set up the workspace environment. This parameter can also accept a *.txt file with a list of Python packages to be installed.
Port, allows to change port to be exposed (default: 8000).
Deployment, run in deployment mode. This parameter takes a bash script including a startup command for the Django application.
Configure custom links to your application, expose the Django application to a public link.
The application by default starts in development mode, namely the Deployment parameter is not used and the server needs to be deployed from the terminal interface.
Create new Django application¶
In development mode, a new Django project can be initiated by running the following command from the app terminal interface:
$ django-admin startproject my_project
which will create a new directory called
This folder contains a collection of settings for an instance of Django, including database configuration, Django-specific options and application-specific settings.
The structure of the folder is:
│ ├── urls.py
│ ├── wsgi.py
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── asgi.py
│ └── file4
where the inner
my_project folder contains the actual Python package for the project.
The project configuration is defined in the module
manage.py provides a set of Django command-line utilities.
Running the Django server¶
In development mode, the server can be deployed directly via the terminal interface.
Within the Django project folder (e.g.,
my_project), this is accomplished using the command:
$ python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
June 10, 2021 - 08:32:54
Django version 3.2.4, using settings 'my_project.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
In deployment mode, the user can pass a Bash script via the Deployment parameter, which will start the web interface soon after the job is submitted. For example:
python manage.py runserver
To access the Django application interface, the host address need to be added to
ALLOWED_HOSTS in the
settings.py file, e.g.
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["LINK_TO_DJANGO_APP"]
The script will be executed within the Django project directory. Afterwards, the web interface will be accessible by clicking on
If the Django Applications should be accessible to other people, then the Django UCloud App should be launched using the Configure custom links to your application parameter.
Change the server's port¶
By default, the web server is deployed on port
The port can be changed either by including these lines of code in the module
from django.core.management.commands.runserver import Command as runserver
runserver.default_port = "3000"
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$ python manage.py runserver 3000
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<urn:uuid:a2189115-9aad-4214-874e-f19fed6dc0fa> | English Language Learners (ELL) and English Literacy Development (ELD) Programs and Services
Who is an English Language Learner?
English Language Learners (ELL) are students whose first language is a language other than English. This includes a variety of English that is significantly different from the language of instruction in Ontario's schools.
The students may be Canadian-born or may have come from other countries. They have diverse backgrounds and school experiences with a variety of strengths and needs. Educational supports are provided to help students improve their English skills.
The Halton District School Board's Welcome Centre in Milton is a central location for ELL students, newcomers to Canada and their families to visit to get more information about our schools.
After an initial assessment of the student, a school placement and programming is arranged.
The Ministry of Education provides important information for parents in many languages. | {
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<urn:uuid:be4b354e-2286-4d68-8b3b-a8e45a6dd316> | The Hopi Indians of Arizona are a fascinating and enigmatic group with a rich cultural heritage that dates back centuries. Nestled in the high desert mesas, their ancestral land is a place of breathtaking beauty and spiritual significance. As one of the oldest indigenous tribes in North America, the Hopi have preserved their traditions and customs through generations, offering a glimpse into a world that is both ancient and enduring.
However, beneath the tranquil surface of the Hopi’s serene existence lies a captivating history filled with mysteries and legends. From their connections to ancient civilizations to their prophecies about the future, the Hopi Indians have captured the imagination of historians, anthropologists, and curious minds alike. In this exploration, we will delve deeper into the Hopi culture, unraveling the secrets that have shaped their identity and continue to shape their lives today. Prepare to embark on a journey that will leave you awestruck and hungry for more knowledge about these extraordinary people.
The Hopi Indians of Arizona face numerous challenges and difficulties in their daily lives. One of the most pressing issues is the ongoing loss of their ancestral lands and natural resources. As a result of encroaching development and extractive industries, the Hopi people are losing access to the sacred sites and traditional gathering areas that have sustained their communities for generations. This loss not only threatens their spiritual and cultural heritage but also disrupts their traditional subsistence practices, making it increasingly difficult for them to maintain their self-sufficiency and preserve their way of life.
In addition to the loss of land, the Hopi Indians also struggle with economic hardships and limited access to basic services. Unemployment rates on the reservation are high, and opportunities for meaningful employment are scarce. This lack of economic stability exacerbates other societal issues such as poverty, inadequate healthcare, and substandard education. Many Hopi families live in poverty and struggle to meet their basic needs, further perpetuating the cycle of disadvantage and marginalization.
Despite these challenges, the Hopi Indians continue to fight for their rights and work towards preserving their culture and traditions. They actively engage in legal battles and advocacy efforts to protect their sacred sites and ancestral lands from further encroachment. Additionally, they strive to develop sustainable economic initiatives that promote self-sufficiency and create opportunities for their community members. The Hopi people’s resilience and determination to preserve their heritage serve as an inspiration to overcome the obstacles they face and secure a better future for themselves and future generations.
Hopi Indians in Arizona
The Hopi Indians are a Native American tribe located in the northeastern part of Arizona. They have a rich cultural heritage that spans thousands of years and have managed to preserve their unique traditions and way of life despite various challenges throughout history. The Hopi people have a deep connection with the land and are known for their agricultural practices, artistry, and spiritual beliefs.
History and Origins
The history of the Hopi Indians dates back to at least 500 CE when they first settled in the region known as the Four Corners area, where the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado meet. It is believed that the Hopi people are descendants of the ancient Puebloans who inhabited the Southwest United States. They developed a distinct culture and society, characterized by their reliance on agriculture and their intricate knowledge of farming techniques suited for the arid desert environment.
The Hopi Indians were able to sustain themselves by cultivating crops such as corn, beans, and squash, which formed the basis of their diet. They developed sophisticated irrigation systems to efficiently manage water resources and maximize their agricultural output. This ability to adapt to the challenging environment played a crucial role in their survival and allowed their population to grow over time.
The Hopi Indians have always placed great importance on maintaining harmony with nature and living in balance with the world around them. Their traditional lifeways revolve around agriculture and their deep spiritual beliefs. Agriculture is not only a means of sustenance but also a sacred practice that is intertwined with their religious ceremonies and rituals.
The Hopi people believe that all elements of nature have a spirit and must be respected. They perform elaborate ceremonies and dances to honor the changing seasons, seek blessings for their crops, and maintain a harmonious relationship with the spiritual realm. These ceremonies are considered essential for the well-being of the community and are passed down through generations.
The Hopi Indians also have a rich artistic heritage. They are renowned for their intricate pottery, basket weaving, and Kachina dolls. Each piece of artwork holds deep cultural significance and often tells stories or conveys important messages. The skills and techniques used in their craftsmanship have been passed down from one generation to the next, ensuring the preservation of their unique artistic traditions.
Spirituality and Beliefs
For the Hopi Indians, spirituality is at the core of their existence. They believe in a supreme creator called Taiowa, who is responsible for the creation of the world and all living beings. The Hopi people see themselves as caretakers of the Earth and believe in the importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with the natural world.
The Hopi religious ceremonies are centered around the Kivas, underground chambers that serve as sacred spaces for rituals and gatherings. The Kachinas, supernatural beings, are an integral part of Hopi spirituality. The Hopi Indians believe that these spirits act as messengers between the human and spiritual realms, bringing blessings and guidance to the community. Kachina dances are performed during ceremonial occasions and are believed to bring prosperity and well-being to the tribe.
Challenges and Preservation
Throughout history, the Hopi Indians have faced numerous challenges that threatened their way of life. The arrival of European settlers, forced relocations, and assimilation policies imposed by the U.S. government had a significant impact on their communities. However, the Hopi people have managed to maintain their cultural identity and traditions despite these adversities.
The Hopi Tribe has actively worked towards preserving their cultural heritage and promoting self-sufficiency. They have established programs and initiatives to teach younger generations about their language, customs, and traditional practices. The Hopi Cultural Preservation Office plays a vital role in documenting and safeguarding Hopi traditions, artifacts, and historical knowledge.
Today, the Hopi Indians continue to live on their ancestral lands and maintain their unique way of life. They are actively involved in the arts, showcasing their craftsmanship and cultural expressions through various exhibitions and events. The Hopi people also welcome visitors to their villages, providing an opportunity for outsiders to learn about their rich heritage and gain insight into their spiritual beliefs and lifeways.
The Hopi Indians of Arizona have a deep connection with their land and a rich cultural heritage that has been passed down through generations. Their agricultural practices, artistry, and spiritual beliefs are all integral parts of their way of life. Despite facing numerous challenges throughout history, the Hopi people have managed to preserve their traditions and maintain a harmonious relationship with the natural world. Through their dedication to cultural preservation and education, the Hopi Tribe ensures that their unique identity and lifeways continue to thrive for future generations.
Hopi Indians Arizona
The Hopi Indians are a Native American tribe that resides primarily in northeastern Arizona. They have a rich cultural heritage and are known for their strong connection to the land and their spiritual beliefs. The word Hopi means peaceful ones or the peaceful people in their native language. They have a distinct language, religion, and traditional way of life that has been passed down through generations.
The Hopi Indians have inhabited the region known as the Colorado Plateau for over a thousand years. They live in pueblos, which are multi-story stone or adobe dwellings that are constructed around a central plaza. These pueblos serve as both living spaces and ceremonial centers for the Hopi community. Agriculture has always been a vital part of their livelihood, and they are skilled farmers who grow corn, beans, squash, and other crops in the arid desert environment of Arizona.
One unique aspect of Hopi culture is their Katsina (also spelled Kachina) ceremonies. Katsinam are spiritual beings or deities that are believed to bring rain, fertility, and other blessings to the Hopi people. During the ceremonies, masked dancers impersonate these Katsinam, wearing elaborate costumes and performing intricate rituals. The Katsina ceremonies are an essential part of the Hopi religious calendar and are held throughout the year.
The Hopi Indians have managed to preserve their cultural traditions and maintain their way of life despite outside influences. They place great importance on maintaining balance and harmony with nature and strive to live in accordance with their spiritual beliefs. The Hopi Reservation in Arizona is home to many ceremonial sites, ancient petroglyphs, and traditional villages, making it a significant cultural and historical destination for visitors.
Listicle: Hopi Indians Arizona
- The Hopi Indians are a Native American tribe indigenous to northeastern Arizona.
- Their name, Hopi, means peaceful ones or the peaceful people in their native language.
- The Hopi have inhabited the Colorado Plateau for over a thousand years and live in pueblos.
- Agriculture is vital to their livelihood, with corn, beans, and squash being their primary crops.
- Katsina ceremonies are an integral part of Hopi religious practices, honoring spiritual beings.
- The Hopi have managed to preserve their cultural traditions and maintain harmony with nature.
- Visiting the Hopi Reservation in Arizona offers an opportunity to experience their rich culture.
The Hopi Indians of Arizona continue to thrive as a unique and resilient indigenous community. Their deep connection to the land, rich cultural heritage, and spiritual beliefs make them an essential part of the diverse Native American tapestry in the United States.
Question and Answer: Hopi Indians Arizona
Q1: Who are the Hopi Indians?
A1: The Hopi Indians are a Native American tribe that resides in northeastern Arizona, primarily on the Hopi Reservation. They have a rich cultural heritage and are known for their unique religious ceremonies, pottery, and farming practices.
Q2: What is the significance of the Hopi Reservation?
A2: The Hopi Reservation, established in 1882, is an important place for the Hopi Indians as it serves as their homeland and preserves their traditional way of life. It covers approximately 1.5 million acres and consists of a dozen villages, each governed by its own clan system.
Q3: What are some key aspects of Hopi culture?
A3: Hopi culture is deeply rooted in spirituality and their connection to the land. They believe in the importance of maintaining balance and harmony with nature. Katsina dolls, which represent spirits, are significant in their religious ceremonies, while Hopi pottery is renowned for its intricate designs and symbolism.
Q4: How do the Hopi Indians sustain their livelihood?
A4: The Hopi Indians practice dry farming, relying on traditional agricultural methods to grow crops such as corn, beans, and squash. They also engage in sheep herding and crafts, including weaving and basket making, which provide additional sources of income.
Conclusion of Hopi Indians Arizona
In conclusion, the Hopi Indians of Arizona have a distinct cultural heritage that revolves around spirituality, agriculture, and craftsmanship. Their unique traditions and practices have endured for centuries, and the Hopi Reservation remains a vital place for preserving their way of life. The Hopi people’s deep connection to the land and their commitment to maintaining balance with nature are reflected in their religious ceremonies, pottery, and agricultural techniques. Despite the challenges faced by indigenous communities, the Hopi Indians continue to sustain their livelihood through self-sufficiency and the preservation of their rich cultural traditions.
Thank you for visiting our blog to learn more about the Hopi Indians of Arizona. We hope that this article has provided you with valuable insights into their rich history, culture, and traditions. The Hopi people have a unique and fascinating heritage that dates back thousands of years, and it is important to appreciate and respect their way of life.
One of the most significant aspects of Hopi culture is their deep spiritual beliefs and practices. The Hopi believe in the importance of maintaining harmony with nature and living in balance with the world around them. Their ceremonies and rituals are intricately tied to the cycles of nature and are performed to ensure the well-being of their community and the entire world. It is truly awe-inspiring to witness the dedication and commitment with which they carry out these rituals.
The Hopi Indians are known for their exceptional craftsmanship, particularly in pottery and jewelry making. Their pottery is renowned for its intricate designs and vibrant colors, often depicting scenes from their mythology and daily life. Each piece tells a story and is a testament to the Hopi’s artistic talent and attention to detail. Similarly, their jewelry showcases their mastery of metalwork and incorporates symbols and motifs that hold deep spiritual significance.
We hope that this article has sparked your curiosity about the Hopi Indians and encouraged you to delve deeper into their history and culture. By understanding and appreciating the traditions of indigenous communities like the Hopi, we can foster a greater sense of respect and appreciation for the diversity that exists in our world. We invite you to continue exploring their fascinating heritage and to share your newfound knowledge with others. Thank you for joining us on this journey of discovery. | {
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<urn:uuid:8f44ba51-7601-450b-aa2d-09dacd6767ca> | THE EFFECT OF CLASS SIZE IN EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF COMPUTER IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL.
1.1 Background of the study
Class size appears to be one of the crucial elements that is often considered by educational planners in order to achieve the set out objectives in any educational system. This is because of the obvious negative implication of our crowded classroom on the teacher and the learner. Ozochie (2009) opined that to make the correct estimate of the resources needed is the function of population. This point suggests that the essence of having a definite number of learner in a classroom is to ensure that the resources which includes the teacher, the instructional materials, class space, seating arrangement among others are adequately provided for smooth teaching and learning.
Apart from the need for adequate provision of resources, effective teaching and learning seem to be the function of the teacher understanding the individual differences of each of the learner as this forms the basis for the appropriate teaching skill to be applied. Onah (2008), aptly notes in this regard that the essence of having a manageable class size is to ensure that the understanding rate of each of the learner, their respective general background are put into consideration by the teacher in the course of his teaching.
Teaching and learning of computer science, like every other branch of natural science requires observation and learner centered activities. In order to achieve result, the teacher should ensure that he monitors the activities of the learner. As Anne (1990) rightly notes and portrays science as the entire problem. Solving child centered purposeful set of activities within a coherent and structured frame work. This cannot be achieved unless it can be translated into meaningful action. For Anne, this requires more than simply presenting children with organized problem rather such becomes meaningful when the purpose of the activities becomes me aningful, explicit and shared between children and teacher and placed under a class that could be managed by the teacher. Under an overcroweded classroom environment, the learner-centered activities would pose great challenge to the teacher hence the desired behavior change may not be easily achieved. It is therefore the thrust of this study to find out the effect of class size in effective teaching learning computer with particular reference to junior secondary schools located in Enugu North Local Government Area.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The national policy on education revised in 2010 stipulates that the maximum teacher –student ratio is one teacher is to thirty students. The obvious reason for this standard is to ensure that the teacher not only controls the class but also to ensure that he understands the learning capabilities of each of the learner in the classroom. Ozochi (2008) affirms that there is a limit to which a teacher can effectively control, anything more than that according to him will affect the school objectives.
However, in most of our secondary schools today the teacher –student ration has gone far beyond the stipulation of the national policy on education. Students stay more than fifty in each class, seating arrangement altered, thereby making teaching and learning difficult. Educational planners in Nigeria have attributed the over bloated class size due to the explosion of the population of children of school age. Recently the Enugu State Government through her agently spliced most of the secondary schools located within the metropolis in order perpherps to expel the agony of overcrowded classroom.
Computer science, like all other natural science is an activity based subject, a situation whereby the learner is exposed mainly to the practical learning process under the guide and supervision of a teacher. Maduagwu et al (1998) opines that effectiveness of a classroom management results when the teacher and student achieve the purpose of which either are together in a class under an overcrowded classroom environment like what obtains in most of our schools today it becomes pertinent to ask, how effective is teaching and learning particularly in subject area that requires close monitoring of the learner by the teacher.
1.3 Purpose of the Study’
The following research purpose have been outlined for the study
1. To findout ways class size affects teaching and learning of computer science in junior secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State.
2. To examine the effectiveness of the policy guiding teacher-student ratio in junior secondary school computer science
3. To examine how effective is the use of instructional materials in an overcrowded classroom environment.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. In what ways do class size affect teaching and learning of computer science in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State.
2. How effective is the policy guiding teacher-student ratio in junior secondary school computer science class in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State
3. How does class size affect the use of instructional materials in junior secondary school computer science class in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. The study when completed would enable the teacher and or instruction know the dangers associated with over-crowded classroom.
2. It would assist the government and education planner on recruitment and supervision of teachers bearing in mind the expected teacher-learner ratio.
3. The study will assist in providing a guide in the realization of one of the core objectives of Nigeria education which is to make Nigeria one of the technological advanced countries in the world.
1.6 SCOPE OR DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is limited to government junior secondary schools located in Enugu North Local Government Area. | {
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<urn:uuid:e9912ab0-712a-4d7a-bd19-2739a7d404ce> | Microplastics have lethal effects on fluvial cups and invertebrates
2020/03/09 Agirre Ruiz de Arkaute, Aitziber - Elhuyar Zientzia Iturria: Elhuyar aldizkaria
The experiments were carried out by the group of Fluvial Ecology of the UPV, in collaboration with the National Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid (CSIC): For 15 days, renacuajos and organisms that feed on litter (insect larvae) have been exposed to microplastics. The conditions of the lakes and rivers in which the animals live have been replicated and different concentrations of microplastics have been put: systems without microplastics (control), low concentration, medium and high concentration. The concentrations of microplastics found in rivers range between low and medium laboratory concentrations.
The influence of microplastics on the survival, feeding and growth of tadpoles, as well as their ingestion and expulsion, has been analyzed. Animals die in the highest concentration of micro-plastics; at lower concentrations do not die, but the growth of amphibians decreases.
On the other hand, since the decomposition of the litter is one of the most important processes of river ecosystems, the influence of microplastics in this decomposition and the organisms that feed on it has been analyzed. Microplastics retained in the ear cause a lower decomposition of organic matter and a decrease in the survival of invertebrates in their presence, regardless of their concentration.
Experiments have shown that in measured concentrations in the environment, microplastics can be important for both amphibians and organisms that break down organic matter. “We have also worked in very high concentrations of microplastics. In short, we want to see what concentration is beginning to be harmful, because we do not know what will happen in the future, says Luz Boyero González, director of the research. It is true that Europe has begun to create legislation that involves a reduction of single-use plastics, but for the moment plastics production continues to grow. And all these plastics present in the environment and landfills will continue to degrade and generate microplastics in the coming decades. Therefore, we do not know what concentration we will reach in the future.”
Research has been conducted on the influence of plastics on animals in marine ecosystems, but little on river ecosystems. “It must be taken into account that many microplastics reach the sea through the rivers. Many are fibers, millions of microplastics dragged by water every time we put synthetic clothes into the washing machine. These microplastics circulate through the pipeline to the rivers and from there to the sea. We hardly know how they arrive and how they affect terrestrial ecosystems. But it is clear that they have also been found in the atmosphere, so they will be in the rain and reach the soil and vegetation,” says Boyero.
Vector between ecosystems
“Our results seem to indicate that amphibians and invertebrates can be, according to Boyero, an important way of transferring microplastics from freshwater to terrestrial ecosystems. For example, the invertebrates analyzed present an aqueous larval phase, but then the adults are terrestrial. And these adults are introducing all these polluting microplastics into the terrestrial ecosystem, as they feed on reptiles and mammals. With the tadpoles he can pass it.”
Obstacle to assimilation of food
“We do not know how microplastics work in people and even less on a cellular level. But in marine animals it has already been shown that microplastics are absorbed into the intestine and enter tissues and cells — warns Boyero. It is possible that the mere presence of microplastics in the digestive system, even without being absorbed, prevents the absorption of food. Microplastics generate a layer in the epithelium itself and food is not assimilated well. I think, for the moment, we are not in concentrations that are serious for the human being, but we do not know what effects can have in the long term. It is a real possibility of impact. We consume pollutants that have accumulated all the organisms of the trophic network. We have to be conscious.” On the other hand, in addition to micro-plastics, they are also nanoplastics. Due to its small size, its greater cellular penetration capacity and influence should be studied. | {
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<urn:uuid:5fd33433-5b8c-4171-b91a-32ccddb78dbe> | Driving Tips to Pass Driving Test
Varsity Driving Academy works hard to make sure every student is equipped with the knowledge to pass driving test. To pass the driving test, students need to know the basics of driving. However, we go above and beyond by also teaching defensive driving tactics. We want students to not only pass their driving test but to remain as safe as possible while behind the wheel. Before their final driving test at the DMV, students practice both with our trained professionals as well as parents or family members. We want to make sure that whoever they practice with has the tools to stay on the right path while driving.
To pass drivers test, students and parents need all the best tips for driving and for remaining safe while on the road no matter where that road lies.
Signaling is an important aspect of safe driving. The driver’s test will require students to know how to signal at the proper times. Using our signals allows other drivers to know where we’re going and when we plan to do so.
Driving a Stick
Most students will learn how to drive in an automatic vehicle because it is easier to learn. However, driving a stick allows drivers to have more control over their vehicle and even save on gas. Knowing how to drive a stick as well as an automatic is a great tool to have for all drivers.
Driving in reverse may not be an everyday aspect of driving but it is just as important as driving forward. All students should know how to drive in reverse before taking their final test at the DMV. Practicing reverse driving in empty parking lots or along long stretches of empty curbs before trying to pass driving test.
When it comes to turning, the direction of your turn matters. On a driving test, students will need to know the difference and how to approach both the left turn and right turn correctly. Making a right turn may seem easier, however, making a right turn requires more attention to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
A left turn usually means crossing traffic in a major way. Knowing how to make a left turn isn’t as simple as turning the wheel and depressing the gas. Students will need to know things like right of way laws and when those laws come into play.
Most car accidents will happen at an intersection. The best drivers will know how to approach an intersection with caution. Every driver should pass through an intersection defensively, keeping them, and other drivers as safe as possible.
When changing lanes drivers must pay attention to other drivers and always remember to signal. What seems like a small and easy aspect of driving could cost someone’s life. Parents and students should practice changing lanes regularly. Utilizing mirrors and new technology can help keep people safe and even help pass driving test.
Drivers are often sharing the road with others at all times of the day and night. To pass driving test nd to remain safe, all drivers should know the three-second rule. The rule helps you keep a safe space between you and other drivers. Three seconds is the least amount of time you’ll need to react to sudden stops or to other drivers who aren’t driving properly.
Parking on flat land is hard enough, especially when you need to make sure you don’t hit other vehicles. Parking on hills raises the stakes by putting your car at a slant. Luckily, there are ways to protect your vehicle when parking on hills and this knowledge will help you pass your drivers test.
Everyone knows the fear of parallel parking and some drivers still avoid it because it’s too risky for them. However, parallel parking can’t always be avoided and it’s important that drivers know how to parallel park safely and with ease.
Driving on any freeway is not like driving through town. New drivers should spend plenty of hours practicing driving on freeways. Driving at faster speeds, with hundreds of other drivers at the same time creates an environment in which accidents thrive. However, with the right freeway driving tips, you’ll be better prepared.
Driving at Night
Driving during the day is mastered by few, especially new drivers. Driving at night is even harder and some drivers who’ve been driving for years would rather avoid night driving. However, if you have the right tools, knowledge, and tips you can one day be a master of driving at night.
A U-turn is important to know how to execute and in the safest way possible. Every intersection is different so students must know the difference between a prohibited sign and no sign at all. Parents also should practice this skill with students on a residential street rather than a parking lot. | {
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<urn:uuid:059048bf-6fd5-4465-84f0-33204e326a85> | HTTP 0.9 to HTTP 1.1
- Server response only in HTML
- One request per TCP connection
- No headers in the response document
The server serves the whole document then disconnects the client, aka end the TCP connection. Also, the server does not store any information about the request after disconnection.
- The web browser evolved during this time
- Response object can be of any type, HTML, file, image or any other content type
- Allowed capabilities content-encoding, character set support, multi-part types, authorization, caching, proxy behaviors, date formats, and more
- Added improvements keepalive connections, chunked encoding transfers, byte-range requests, additional caching mechanisms, transfer encodings, and request pipelining.
- Multiple requests per TCP connection
- Close the connection once closed
- Saved time from syn, syn-ack, ack cycle and TCP slow start
In the simplest form HTTP connections are established between a user agent and a server, but there can be more complicated situations also.
Some server sitting between client and server which can modify requests.
It acts like a receiving agent that acts as a layer above servers, for example, AWS API gateway.
A tunnel acts as a relay point between two connections without changing the messages
Client ---> Tunnel A ---> Tunnel B ---> Tunnel C ---> Target server
Although HTTP uses TCP as the underlying protocol, it can use other protocols as well such as UDP. | {
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<urn:uuid:dd8cd3e7-5aac-47f7-889f-f564e8fad268> | Enactive cognitive science provides a significant theoretical grounding for the principles and practices of Enactive Dao. Drawing on its central concepts allows us to expand the way we perceive ourselves and our relation to the world, thus enriching our understanding and practice of Enactive Dao.
The Enactive approach to cognition emphasizes the fundamental role of embodiment and situatedness in understanding the mind. Instead of viewing the mind as a disconnected entity that only exists inside our heads, Enactive cognition highlights the way our minds are shaped by our bodily experiences and our interactions with the environment. This perspective resonates with the Enactive Dao principle of the integration of body and mind, encouraging a holistic view of self and encouraging practices that cultivate this unity.
Enactive cognition also underscores the importance of action and interaction in the world for cognitive processes. The mind, in this view, is not a passive recipient of information but actively engages with and interprets the world around it. This idea is paralleled in the Enactive Dao principle of engaged practice, encouraging active participation in life's unfolding.
The Enactive approach also emphasizes the idea of sense-making – the process through which organisms, based on their embodied experiences, ascribe meaning to their world. This perspective invites Enactive Dao practitioners to recognize and respect their unique paths of sense-making, resulting in a deeply personal and lived experience of Dao.
Lastly, Enactive cognition promotes the concept of autonomy, viewed not as individualism, but as self-organizing processes that enable adaptive responses to changes in the environment. This aligns with the Enactive Dao principles of embracing change and flow and ecological awareness, emphasizing the dynamic and responsive relationship between individuals and their environment.
By connecting these fundamental concepts of Enactive cognitive science with the principles of Enactive Dao, we can deepen our understanding and embodiment of Dao, encouraging a way of living that is at once responsive, mindful, and deeply attuned to the natural rhythms of life and the world around us. | {
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<urn:uuid:72b5f563-ce29-4b2d-a0e8-e6dce523b5fc> | Organic gardening can yield many healthy benefits, but knowing about them and purchasing the proper equipment can be difficult. You also have a large variety of seeds that you can choose from as well. The following article will offer you make the most of your organic garden.
Your children will enjoy being involved with you in the organic gardening endeavors.A garden can be a great learning experience for your children, and will give you an opportunity to bond with them while you produce healthy food.
Try to put an aspirin water to get rid of plant diseases. Dissolve one aspirin in four gallons of water. You can easily spray this on them fight disease. Try to apply the mixture to the plants at least once in each three weeks.
Your children will enjoy the experience of working with you in the organic garden. You can provide a good learning experience that your children can appreciate the more they learn on how to grow healthy produce.
It is easy to quickly prepare the soil in a perennial garden. Use a spade to dig into the turf, turn the turf over, and spread wood chips on top to a depth of four inches.Let this sit for a couple weeks, then turn the earth and set up your new perennial bed.
Make the most of the time spent in your garden every day.Do not waste your time looking everywhere for a tool. Prepare all of your tools prior to working in the garden, and then put them back in their place when done. If you need, try using some pants with pockets in them.
Have some plastic bags on hand that you can put over your muddy gardening shoes if they are muddy.
Plant strawberries for your children. Children will be more willing to help you if they can pluck their own fruit from the garden.
Space is important when you plant an organic garden. You can easily underestimate how much space the plants need when they begin to grow. Plan your garden carefully and put an appropriate amount of distance between the seeds.
Some typical examples include ageratum and ageratum. If you are not sure whether your seeds need to be exposed to sunlight, look online or at the package.
When you are growing seedlings in your organic garden, try ruffling seedlings using your hands or cardboard one or two times daily.This may sound strange, but there is research suggesting that it does promote plant growth relative to unpetted plants.
Aspirin water has disease-prevention properties that can protect plants. An aspirin and a half, combined with a couple of gallons of water, will do amazing things for your plants. You can just spray this on them to fight disease. Plants should be sprayed once every two to three weeks.
Fill this jar with beer within one inch of the top. Slugs are attracted to the beer and won’t be able to exit the jar once they enter.
Organic gardening is more difficult than gardening with chemicals, but the results are worth it. Chemicals are extremely efficient, but a chemical free organic garden will always produce the best results.
The garlic is ready to be picked when the very tops start drying out and turning brown.
If you plan to raise organic plants inside, you need to think about how much light they will get. If the garden will receive little sunlight, find plants that can grow in medium or low-light environments. If your plants still need more light, there are always artificial light sources that you can use.
Using a soaker hose to water an organic garden is the very best method.
Try to make your organic garden a shade garden. You will be happy to learn that these gardens of this type are very low maintenance. They do not require as much water, which saves both work and time.This will also lead to slower growth, but there will also be less weeds to take care of in the garden.
While you may already understand the importance of compost to organic gardening, how much do you really know about it?Compost is comprised of a mixture of grass clippings, straw, leaves, scraps of produce, twigs and produce scraps that have broken down into a kind of soil. It is much better to use this compost in place of commercial fertilizer on your organic garden.
It’s simple to lay a new perennial bed. All you need to do is use a garden spade to slice under the turf, flip it over, then spread wood chips over the area about three to four inches deep. Let the area sit for a couple weeks, then begin digging into it and planting your new perennials.
As you read, an organic garden can be incredibly important to your current and future dietary habits and so is understanding all the different kinds of plants you can grow. Utilizing the tips above is a great place to start when planning to grow a healthy and beautiful organic garden. | {
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<urn:uuid:5935f83f-2fe4-4f88-b68a-00a745840f04> | The words ‘jam’ and ‘marmalade’ are used to describe fruit preserves suitable for long-term storage and, more often than not, the two words are used interchangeably. In fact, most languages don’t even have a separate word for these two jellied products.
In Spanish the word ‘mermelada’ is used for both jams and marmalades, in German both of them are called ‘marmelade’, in French ‘confiture’. Even in Greek (the language that spawned all previously mentioned languages), the word ‘μαρμελάδα’ is used for both of them.
However, even though most languages don’t even separate between jam and marmalades, there is a distinct difference between the two products. And it all has to do with what goes into the making: (the article continues after the ad)
Jam is always made from whole or cut fruits that are cooked with sugar and let to reduce until they produce a thick and fruity spread – but it’s only the pulp, not the rind. For instance, when making an orange jam, the peel is removed and only the pulp of the orange is used.
On the other hand, marmalade is made by using both whole or cut fruits AND pieces of the peel. That is the reason why usually marmalades are made from citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, kumquats, grapefruits and other citrus. The cooking method is basically the same even though it may take longer for a marmalade to be ready since the fruits are usually used in larger chunks.
No now you know!
If you like what you read, then you will definitely love this one: This Is The Difference Between a ‘President’ And A ‘Prime Minister’
Photo: Einladung_zum_Essen / Pixabay, jules / Flickr
Photoshop: I’m A Useless Info Junkie
Sources: What’s The Difference Between Jam, Jelly, Conserves, Marmalade, & Fruit Spreads? | The difference between a jelly, jam, marmalade and fruit butter | Know It All: What’s the Difference Between Jelly, Jam, Marmalade, Preserves, and Fruit Spread? | {
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<urn:uuid:bfb030d8-db02-49c5-948a-caefd00c34d4> | As cyber threats become a daily occurrence, it’s more important than ever to understand the different types of encryption. In past weeks, we’ve covered several topics around encryption, and now we’re going to take a closer look at the various encryption types.
Quick Encryption Recap – Encryption is the process of making readable data unreadable through the use of cryptographic keys. Cryptographic keys, when combined with encryption algorithms, are what make encryption possible. The two encryption methods predominantly used are symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. Both methods use mathematical algorithms to scramble data, so it is indecipherable; however, the different types of encryption use different algorithms depending on what security capabilities are needed.
Symmetric encryption is an algorithm that uses the same cryptographic key to both encrypt and decrypt information. The data is encrypted before sending, and the person on the receiving side will use their copy of the same key to decode the information. The key is in a best practice case wrapped and protected with a password scheme such as PBKDF2 to reduce the vulnerability to brute force attacks.
Types of Symmetric Encryption
- AES – Advanced Encryption Standard – Symmetric key algorithms using the same key to encrypt and decrypt data. Being the standard, AES is considered one of the best encryption algorithms.
- DES – The Data Encryption Standard – The original form of encryption that uses a symmetric key algorithm to encrypt data. However, this encryption method is obsolete primarily because today’s computers can easily crack it.
- 3DES – Triple DES – An algorithm that uses the DES cipher three times to encrypt data.
Asymmetric encryption uses two different cryptographic keys: a public key and a private key. In this type of encryption, both keys are needed to decrypt the data. The public key is usually accessible to everyone and is often attached to a certificate with the public key owner’s information and a few details about the key. The private key is heavily protected and is the only way to decrypt the data. The private key is derived from the public key, but the private key cannot be accessed using the public key. Each full participant needs their own set of keys.
Types of Asymmetric Encryption
- RSA – Named after its inventors Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman – this is a public-key cryptosystem encrypting information through prime numbers. This method is effective because it’s easy to calculate in one direction and incredibly hard to calculate in reverse.
- Diffle-Hellman – Another named after its inventors, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. A key exchange algorithm is used to exchange cryptographic keys over public channels securely. Keys are not exchanged – the pair are obtained together.
- ECC – Elliptic Curve Cryptography – An alternative to RSA. This powerful cryptography approach generates security between key pairs for public-key encryption by using the mathematics of elliptic curves.
- El Gamal – A key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange, using the primitive root mathematical theory.
- DSA – Digital Signature Algorithm – The standard for a digital signature based on the public-key cryptosystem. DSA uses algebraic properties of discrete logarithm problems and modular exponentiations.
When determining the correct type of encryption to use, it’s essential to understand the risks we take every day when transferring information electronically. Think of how easy it would be to leave a laptop at the bus stop, or have a phone drop out of a pocket. Many of the cybersecurity breaches arise from good-intentioned people being careless with their devices. If those devices aren’t set up with adequate security features, the consequences could have a catastrophic impact on your ability to help your customers and protect your information.
It’s important for businesses to take security measures seriously, but they don’t have to do it alone. The DataLocker team is here to answer your questions and make sure you are set up with reliable and easy security. | {
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<urn:uuid:ced4f6cf-926b-4c38-a7f2-af90b8deb868> | Lasers Beginning to Change Some Root Canal Procedures
As in other parts of medicine, lasers are beginning to change the way we provide dental care. More and more dentists are using lasers to make earlier diagnoses of dental disease or provide surgical treatment. One area prime for change is the treatment of teeth with deep decay and in danger of being lost.
For decades now, the best way to save teeth in this condition is with root canal treatment. In this common procedure we access the pulp, remove the infected tissue with specialized hand instruments, and then fill and seal the pulp chamber and root canals with a special filling.
We can now potentially improve the efficiency and increase the success rate of this treatment with laser technology. With their focused light, lasers emit a concentrated burst of energy that’s extremely precise. In many instances laser energy can remove the target diseased tissue without damaging nearby healthy tissue.
In this form of root canal treatment, we use lasers to remove tissue and organic debris within the pulp and then shape the root canal walls to better receive the filling. We can also utilize the heat from laser energy to soften and mold the filling, so that it better conforms within the walls of the root canals.
Using lasers in root canal treatments may require less local anesthesia than the traditional approach and also eliminates disturbing or discomforting sounds and vibrations. Dentists who’ve used the new technology also report less bleeding during the procedure and less pain and occurrences of infection afterwards.
But there are a couple of disadvantages for using lasers in root canal treatment. For one, light travels in a straight line — and many root canal networks are anything but straight. More complex root canal networks may still require the traditional approach. Laser energy could also increase the tooth’s inner temperature, which could potentially damage tissues even on the tooth’s outer surfaces.
Used in the right circumstances, though, lasers can be an effective means to treat diseased teeth. Â As laser technology continues to advance and becomes a mainstay in dental care, you may soon find it part of your next dental procedure.Back to Dental Procedures Page | {
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<urn:uuid:282ddce9-e708-4cba-839c-9a5fc5ed8c6a> | 4 Bit Full Adder Circuit Diagram. Web full adder circuit construction is shown in the above block diagram, where two half adder circuits added together with a or gate. It is a schematic diagram showing the interconnections between four.
It is a schematic diagram showing the interconnections between four. Web using these two functions for c and s, the circuit for the full adder can be represented in logisim as the following diagram. Equations show that the three main part subcomponents of the full adder circuit.
Web The 4 Bit Full Adder Schematic Diagram Is An Essential Component Of Modern Digital Logic Circuits.
02 what is full adder circuit? It is a schematic diagram showing the interconnections between four. Half adder and full adder.
Web Wiring Diagram 4 Bit Full Adder 4 Bit Full Adder By Christ Joe | July 19, 2022 0 Comment A 4 Bit Full Adder Is An Important Piece Of Hardware Technology Used.
Web an adder is a digital logic circuit in electronics that performs the operation of additions of two number. Adders are classified into two types: A complete tutorial know it all about full adder circuit diagram in this article 01 what is an adder?
Thus, Full Adder Has The Ability To Perform The Addition Of Three Bits.
Binary adders are implemented to add two binary numbers. 4 bit parallel adder using full adderscontribute: Web using these two functions for c and s, the circuit for the full adder can be represented in logisim as the following diagram.
Web 4 Bit Full Adder Test Circuit Scientific Diagram 4 Bit Adder Multisim Live 4 Bit Full Adder Using Logic Gates In Proteus The Engineering Projects 4 Bit Binary.
Web the 4 bit adder circuit diagram is an important tool for understanding and designing digital electronics. Web full adder circuit diagram: The main part of them is an xor/xnor circuit that produces the h and h '.
Equations Show That The Three Main Part Subcomponents Of The Full Adder Circuit.
Web full adder is a combinational logic circuit. Web 4 bit binary adder introduction: It is used for the purpose of adding two single bit numbers with a carry. | {
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<urn:uuid:af2a8acf-4ddd-43dc-a0de-c540789cf374> | Impact of patient involvement; Changes in culture and technology have resulted in patient populations that are often well informed and educated, even before consulting or considering a healthcare need delivered by a health professional. Fueled by this, health professionals are increasingly involving patients in treatment decisions. However, this often comes with challenges, as illnesses and treatments can become complex.
What has your experience been with patient involvement in treatment or healthcare decisions? (FYI I work in a hospital. One of the most recent experience is COVID vaccinations. Many people don’t want to be vaccinated because of the time frame it took for the vaccines to be produced)
In this Discussion, you will share your experiences and consider the impact of patient involvement (or lack of involvement). You will also consider the use of a patient decision aid to inform best practices for patient care and healthcare decision making.
Review the Resources and reflect on a time when you experienced a patient being brought into (or not being brought into) a decision regarding their treatment plan.
Review the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute’s Decision Aids Inventory at https://decisionaid.ohri.ca/.
Choose “For Specific Conditions,” then Browse an alphabetical listing of decision aids by health topic.
NOTE: To ensure compliance with HIPAA rules, please DO NOT use the patient’s real name or any information that might identify the patient or organization/practice.
Post a brief description of the situation you experienced and explain how incorporating or not incorporating patient preferences and values impacted the outcome of their treatment plan. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain how including patient preferences and values might impact the trajectory of the situation and how these were reflected in the treatment plan. Finally, explain the value of the patient decision aid you selected and how it might contribute to effective decision making, both in general and in the experience you described. Describe how you might use this decision aid inventory in your professional practice or personal life. | {
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<urn:uuid:57ce5fe6-3b74-46b1-9d77-c196f74ed381> | Advanced proficiency in English, often categorized as C1 or C2 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), is characterized by a high level of competence in the language. Here are the criteria that typically describe an advanced proficiency:
Understanding (Listening and Reading):
C1: Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. Can understand extended speech and follow even complex lines of argument provided the topic is reasonably familiar.
C2+: Has no difficulty understanding any kind of spoken language, whether live or broadcast, even when delivered at fast native speed. Can read with ease virtually all forms of written language, including abstract, structurally complex, or highly colloquial literary and non-literary writings.
Speaking (Fluency and Coherence):
C1: Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors, and cohesive devices.
C2+: Can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.
C1: Can write clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors, and cohesive devices.
C2+: Can write clear, smoothly flowing text in an appropriate style. Can write complex letters, reports, or articles that present a case with an effective logical structure which helps the recipient to notice and remember significant points. Can write summaries and reviews of professional or literary works.
Vocabulary and Grammar:
C1 & C2+: Have a good command of a broad lexical repertoire allowing gaps to be readily overcome with circumlocutions. There is little obvious searching for expressions or avoidance strategies. Good command of idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms with awareness of connotative levels of meaning. Consistently maintain a high degree of grammatical accuracy; errors are rare and difficult to spot.
C1 & C2+: Pronunciation and intonation are influenced by the first language but only occasionally interfere with intelligibility. Pronunciation is natural and accents, while noticeable, do not impede understanding.
C1 & C2+: Display a high level of cultural awareness and can articulate the cultural connotations of nuances and idioms in the language. Can understand and appreciate literature, complex idiomatic expressions, and cultural references.
Autonomy in Learning:
C1 & C2+: Can take more responsibility for their own learning, including understanding and identifying their own mistakes and seeking out challenging opportunities to learn and practice the language.
At the C2+ level, especially, individuals are expected to be able to perform at a level close to a native speaker, with nuanced understanding and expression in the language. They can adapt their language use to various contexts, understand subtle meanings, and deal with complex topics effectively. | {
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<urn:uuid:b5b9b8b1-2b90-4161-a878-87c154dbdb7e> | About The Backgrounder:
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, is Canada’s cornerstone environmental law. CEPA provides the legislative framework for protecting human health and the environment from pollution and toxic substances. It covers various aspects such as air and water quality, toxic ingredients in consumer products, movement of hazardous waste, protection of biodiversity, climate action, and plastic pollution.
However, over the past 24 years, pollution and science have evolved, while CEPA has remained unchanged since 1999. Bill S-5, the Strengthening Environmental Protection for a Healthier Canada Act, represents a crucial step toward modernizing CEPA. Amendments have been made to S-5 over the past year, addressing some, though not all, of the recommendations put forth. The Bill signifies important progress in recognizing the right to a healthy environment and updating Canada’s legislative framework for assessing and managing toxic substances. | {
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<urn:uuid:24537b44-aa33-4e94-ad13-63416a7d6b56> | Following the 4th ICRN Forum in Kyiv, several of the contributions have been published in a special issue of Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal
This special issue of the journal is devoted to the overview and analysis of legal and political challenging issues in anti-corruption activities.
Edited by: Oksana Huss.
The special issue is available here
The special issue is online available here
It is undisputed that law is an indispensable element of the fight against corruption as it defines the boundaries of interaction among – potentially corrupt – individuals or organizations, and provides remedies in case these rules are breached. Law determines what is allowed and what is not; this implies, in return, that unethical acts cannot be labelled as corrupt as long as they are not prohibited by law. From a legal point of view, it is therefore a matter of special importance to define and examine formal rules.
Yet, the codification of anti-corruption norms poses several problems. First, corruption is a global phenomenon that occurs beyond national jurisdictions. It is therefore necessary to establish a set of international anti-corruption norms that provide a framework for transnational cooperation and prosecution – a norm-building process heavily influenced by the interests of governments and international organizations alike. Second, law is not the only norm governing human behavior. According to the principle of law and intrinsic motivation, legal norms that contradict informal norms are severely limited in their effectiveness. Third, despite many attempts to define corruption, there is no precise judicial term for it. Instead, penal codes typically list statutory offenses that are considered to be particular manifestations of corruption.
Corruption – broadly defined as the misuse of public office for private gains – costs every country a large amount of financial, political and social resources every year. Research on the causes, consequences and combat strategies of corruption are manifold and very revealing. Previous studies indicate, for example, that well-established democracies show lower levels of corruption than authoritarian regimes or young democracies. At the same time, high levels of corruption undermine democracy. By diverting rare resources from disadvantaged people, it damages the rule of law, social justice and lowers the trust of citizens in political institutions and processes.
The reciprocal democracy-corruption nexus has already been analyzed in several studies and is nowadays well-established. Democracy does not guarantee clean and transparent governance at all and democratic systems are still fighting against corruption, even in countries that are often seen as free of corruption. Yet, frequent scandals like in the United Kingdom, Iceland or Spain illustrate that corruption is a serious problem in nearly every state in the world. This Special Issue focuses on the role of institutions within democracies in curbing corruption, the interrelation between democratic values and corrupt behavior, and the importance of corruption in democratization processes in post-conflict states. | {
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<urn:uuid:e45460ce-5549-42e2-91a0-3d5be7b84b95> | At the 1986 Census the ethnic Fijian population was 329,000 (46 per cent of the total) and the Indo-Fijian population was 348,000 (48 per cent), maintaining the numerical dominance of the Indo-Fijian population that was established after the Second World War. However, by 1996, after extensive emigration, the Indo-Fijian population had fallen absolutely and was just 38 per cent of the total whereas the Fijian population had grown to 45 per cent. The 2000 and 2006 coups have seen ongoing emigration of skilled trades and professional personnel, most of whom are Indo-Fijian, to Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. According to the latest census in 2007, while the ethnic Fijian population increased to 475,739 (56.8 per cent of the total), the Indo-Fijian population was 313,798 (37 per cent).
Indo- Fijians comprise the second largest ethnic group and are culturally and economically diverse. More than 90 per cent are descendants of indentured labourers (Girmityas) and the remainder are descendants of free migrants. The majority are Hindu, and a minority are Muslim or Christian. A small number of Indo-Fijians can be defined as wealthy or engaged in business enterprises, but the majority of Indo-Fijians are workers and peasant farmers, and also include the poorest of the poor in the country. Indo-Fijian tenant farmers rely on leased agricultural land and since 1999 many of these leases have not been renewed, or are on the point of expiring, resulting in the lease-holders being displaced. As a result, Indo-Fijians are among the largest category of landless people in Fiji. This is a source of anxiety and hardship as they often have no other means of subsistence, and feel a real sense of political marginalization. As a group there has been a high degree of anxiety since the coups of 1987 and 2000; particularly after the events of 2000, in which many Indo-Fijians were beaten and raped, and their property looted and burnt, the community has been traumatized.
Indians were first introduced to Fiji in the 1880s, and between 1879 and 1916 over 60,000 indentured labourers came from various parts of India to work in the cane plantations. Many other Pacific islanders came at the same time, but most returned. The Indian migrants remained, primarily on the two main islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu.
By the 1940s, Indo-Fijians made up the majority of the population, outnumbering indigenous Fijians. It was only in the 1980s and 1990s that this situation was reversed. A key factor in their diminishing numbers in recent decades has been the country’s continued instability, particularly its succession of coups, and the occasional flaring of nationalist sentiment against them. This is illustrated by the dramatic increase in migration: while between 1978 and 1986, just over 20,700 Fijians left the country at an annual rate of 2,300, in the ensuing decade (1987-1996) the rate more than doubled to 5,005 every year. The overwhelming majority, roughly 90 percent, of these departing citizens were Indo-Fijian.
Indo-Fijians remain marginalized in most spheres, though they have regained substantial economic power, while the more prominent Fijian nationalist movements have lost some influence. Nonetheless the position of Indo-Fijians in Fiji remains problematic. Indo-Fijians remain in many respects marginal to the national political economy despite their relative success in business and trade. Critically, they remain landless and leases continue to be allowed to expire. Despite business success, they have been unable to achieve a similar status in the bureaucracy. At key moments of instability, such as 2005–06, they have been vulnerable to robberies, attacks and desecration of Hindu temples.
Nevertheless, research by MRG and others in recent years suggests a widespread perception that the situation has improved since 2006, with better inter-ethnic relations, and that policy changes such as the designation of a common name for all Fiji citizens, and efforts to find land for farming and other activities and to improve law and order, were seen to be positive contributions to inter-ethnic relations.
Updated September 2017
We stand up for minority and indigenous rights. Find out howLeart more about us
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<urn:uuid:1e0979c0-9f91-4bcc-ac02-38f786cd06f9> | Great question! Many parents are becoming more savvy to radiation exposure.
Did you know everyone is exposed to radiation daily?
The soil, rocks, water, and riding in airplanes give us small amounts of cosmic radiation without any problems. Luckily, most hospitals realize that kids have different needs than adults. Many children's hospitals are investing in lower dose radiology equipment for this reason.
One single chest x-ray is not concerning at all--even to newborns! It is not putting your child at any risk.
Imaging should only be used if there is a definite medical benefit.
The lowest amount of radiation possible should be used based on the size of the child.
Imaging should only include areas needing to be evaluated.
If possible, use non-radiating imaging such as ultrasound or MRI.
Additional Information from HealthyChildren.org: | {
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<urn:uuid:c52af8b1-7375-4712-b676-b8fdcac84bb1> | A comprehensive introduction to logistics management systems
In the ever-evolving landscape of global commerce, effective logistics management has become a cornerstone for businesses striving to meet the demands of an interconnected world. From the point of origin to the final destination, logistics management systems serve as the linchpin in orchestrating the seamless flow of goods, services, and information. This article will teach you about these systems, their major components, and how they manage logistics flow.
What are logistics management systems?
A Logistics Management System (LMS) is an intricate network that aims to govern, manage, and supervise the entire procedure of moving and storing goods or services within a supply chain, from their point of origin to their point of consumption. The core objective of these systems is to ensure that products reach the correct destination at the right moment and in the most cost-efficient manner. This aspect is essential for retaining customer satisfaction and reaching business objectives.
Major components of logistics management
Logistics management plays a pivotal role in the smooth functioning of any business, underpinning the movement of goods from their point of origin to the customer. The core components that form this intricate system include:
Supply chain planning
This involves activities such as demand forecasting, inventory management, production planning, and supplier relationship management. Companies with mature supply chain and operations capabilities are 1.7 times more likely to exceed their corporate goals. This is largely because these activities enable businesses to predict future demand, ensure timely production and delivery of goods, and manage relationships with suppliers effectively.
Another crucial component of logistics management is order processing. This involves steps from order entry and processing to order fulfilment and picking, and finally, order packing and shipping. 96% of shoppers would shop again with a retailer after a positive delivery experience. This underlines the importance of order processing in ensuring that customer orders are accurately processed and delivered in a timely manner.
Photo source: Shutterstock
Warehouse management includes maintaining optimal inventory levels, planning the warehouse layout for efficient storage and retrieval, managing material handling, and automation processes.
Fleet management and Transportation management
These involve managing the fleet of vehicles used for transportation, selecting and managing carriers, planning and optimizing routes, tracking shipments, and negotiating freight rates. You can reduce your monthly shipping costs by 20% by improving your transportation management. This ensures that goods are transported efficiently and cost-effectively and that customers are kept informed about their shipments.
Information and Control
The final component of logistics management is the necessity of information and control. Effective logistics management requires accurate and timely information to plan and control the flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. This allows for proactive problem-solving and decision-making to improve overall efficiency and customer satisfaction. A survey showed that 72% of companies believe that big data and analytics will be a source of competitive advantage.
How to manage the logistics flow?
Photo source: Shutterstock
Managing the logistics flow is a complex task that requires a comprehensive approach.
- The first step in this process is planning. This involves designing and controlling the process of moving goods or services from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It’s about determining the best routes and methods for transportation and coordinating with suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers to ensure efficient and cost-effective delivery.
- The next step is to hire a logistics manager. They oversee the entire supply chain operations, from planning and coordinating the movement of goods to optimizing delivery schedules. The logistics manager also ensures that the company complies with laws and regulations related to transportation and storage.
- Depending on your business operations, you may need to choose the best country for your logistics hub. This decision should consider proximity to suppliers or customers, trade regulations, infrastructure, labour costs, and political stability.
- In the global marketplace, a sound import and export strategy is crucial. This includes understanding and complying with international trade laws, negotiating contracts, managing customs clearance, and handling documentation.
- Your warehouse location can significantly impact your supply chain’s efficiency. Factors to consider include proximity to suppliers or customers, transportation infrastructure, labour availability and costs, and local taxes or incentives.
- The next step is to pick the means of transport. Different modes of transportation (air, sea, rail, road) have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, speed, reliability, and environmental impact. The choice depends on factors such as the nature of the goods, delivery speed requirements, and cost considerations.
- Then, you should develop information systems. They help track inventory, manage orders, handle shipping details, and provide real-time visibility into the supply chain.
- Lastly, suppliers play a key role in the logistics flow. Building strong relationships with reliable suppliers who can deliver quality goods on time and at a reasonable cost is important.
Benefits of a good logistics management system
A good logistics management system offers numerous benefits to a business, one of the most noteworthy being cost efficiency. This is possible due to smart route optimization, effective inventory management, and streamlined operations, all of which cut out unnecessary expenses and can significantly boost a company’s profit margins.
Enhanced customer service is another crucial advantage of an efficient logistics management system. The system ensures timely delivery of products, a factor that directly impacts customer satisfaction. Moreover, real-time tracking and updates keep customers informed about their order status at all times, fostering trust and loyalty. A study found that nearly 73% of all consumers point to customer experience as an important factor in their purchasing decisions, underlining the importance of timely and transparent deliveries.
Operational efficiency, too, gets a big boost with a good logistics management system. It automates several logistical processes, such as order processing, inventory management, and transportation scheduling. This minimises manual tasks and reduces the scope for errors, resulting in faster and more accurate processes. Such a system can thus contribute significantly to overall productivity and business growth.
Transforming logistics efficiency with Innoship
Innoship is revolutionizing the logistics industry by transforming efficiency and streamlining shipping and delivery operations. Our advanced logistics management system offers various features to aid businesses in their delivery process. These features include automatic order allocation, carrier selection, label printing, returns management and tracking updates. You can now seamlessly manage your shipping operations, with the added advantage of having all necessary information and control in one place. This enhances operational efficiency and improves customer experience by providing real-time tracking updates.
Innoship also stands out for its ability to facilitate a smooth shipping journey from checkout to delivery. It offers comprehensive solutions for every step of the shipping process. You can now confidently fulfil your promises to customers, knowing that a reliable and smooth shipping experience is guaranteed. This aspect is particularly significant in today’s competitive business environment, where customer satisfaction is paramount and can significantly impact a company’s reputation and bottom line.
Join the hundreds of retailers that optimize their delivery process with Innoship! Request a demo!
The. “Mondelez & Accenture Fireside Chat – Ecosystem Partners.” Accenture.com, 2022, www.accenture.com/ro-en/insights/operations/delivering-what-matters. Accessed 14 Nov. 2023.
Kees de Vos. “Ecommerce Delivery Trends: What Contributes to a Positive Experience?” MyCustomer, 6 Jan. 2016, www.mycustomer.com/selling/ecommerce/ecommerce-delivery-trends-what-contributes-to-a-positive-experience. Accessed 14 Nov. 2023.
Tobin, Donal. “Data Integration Trends to Watch in 2023.” Integrate.io, Integrate.io, 11 July 2023, www.integrate.io/blog/data-integration-trends/. Accessed 14 Nov. 2023.
Raphael, Rudly. “The Customer Experience—Why It Matters | QuestionPro.” QuestionPro, June 2018, | {
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<urn:uuid:3c59b415-eb57-4b14-aaa7-631ec5b29cfb> | Do you have any ISO certifications?
Check out our ISO certifications here.
What kind of substrates can I bond with tapes and adhesives?
With today’s adhesive and tape technologies, even many materials once defined as “hard-to-bond,” such as low surface energy plastics, can be bonded with strength greater than the materials themselves. The list of potential substrates ranges from glass, wood, cardboard, and rubber to steel, concrete, foam, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and just about any other material you can name.
Will tapes and adhesives provide the strength I need to hold my materials together?
Strength can be readily matched to the substrate and stress characteristics to which the bond will be subjected.
Most adhesives and tapes perform better when the primary stress is tensile or shear. In most industrial applications, however, a combination of stresses are involved that may include cleavage and peel.
Tensile is pull exerted equally over the entire joint. Pull direction is straight and away from the adhesive bond.
Shear is pull directed across the adhesive, forcing the substrates to slide over each other.
Cleavage is pull concentrated at one edge of the joint, exerting a prying force on the bond. The other edge of the joint is theoretically under zero stress.
Peel is concentrated along a thin line at the edges of the bond where one substrate is flexible. The line is the exact point where an adhesive would separate if the flexible surface were peeled away from its mating surface. Once peeling has begun, the stress line stays out in front of the advancing bond separation.
How do tapes and adhesives compare to spot welds, rivets, screws or other mechanical fasteners?
Adhesives distribute stress evenly over the entire bonded area. A rivet or screw concentrates stress at the hold and can decrease physical properties of the substrate. With uniform stress distribution of adhesives and tapes, lighter, thinner materials can be used without concerns about distortion, splitting or crazing. Elimination of holes in metal also reduces the chances for rust and corrosion.
Can I use tapes and adhesives on dissimilar substrates?
Laminates of dissimilar materials can often produce combinations superior in strength and performance to either substrate alone. The flexibility of many adhesives and tapes compensates for differences in the coefficients of expansion between such materials as aluminum and wood.
My part is exposed to vibration, how will this affect the bond?
Many tape and adhesives (like VHB’s) have a viscoelasticity construction that improves resistance to vibration fatigue by imparting flexibility to a joint or bonded area.
Can the bond also act as a seal between the substrates?
The continuous contact between mating surfaces provided by tapes and adhesives effectively bonds and seals against dirt, dust, water, and other environmental conditions.
How will the adhesives standup when the finished assembly is exposed to harsh environmental conditions?
While some adhesives do not hold well when exposed to extreme temperatures, high humidity, chemicals or even water, we offer adhesives that are specially formulated to resist hard environmental conditions.
My application requires high speed adhesion.
There is a wide range of adhesives and tapes with a variety of open times available. Depending on your end use requirements, you can select adhesives that bond on contact or with open times ranging from 2 to 90 minutes.
What can I use if my parts need to be disassembled for maintenance or service?
When assembled with most adhesives or tapes, parts are generally difficult or virtually impossible to disassemble without damaging the part. Re-closable fasteners allow for 100’s to 1000’s of opening and closures.
Can tapes and adhesives reduce my costs?
You might see cost reduction through alternative material, weight reductions and elimination of drilling, welding, screwing, finishing and similar operations. In most cases, adhesives require minimal training. Many adhesives require little or no investment in major equipment. | {
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<urn:uuid:666c7815-e198-4ae8-84b8-59d09a86abb5> | Root Canal Therapy
Root Canal Therapy Logan – Marsden Park Dental Centre
A root canal is a standard dental procedure used to save or repair a tooth that has an infection or is decayed. When you undergo root canal therapy, the dentist removes the pulp and nerve from inside the tooth. Then, they’ll clean and seal it. Without proper treatment, the tissue around the tooth will slowly become infected, and an abscess can form as this infection progresses.
The Root Canal Therapy Process
A root canal involves more than one clinic visit over the course of the treatment, and a dentist or endodontist may perform the procedure. The first thing your dental professional will do is take an x-ray to see your tooth’s root canal and determine whether or not you have an infection. A local anaesthetic will numb the area around the tooth, and your dentist will put a rubber dam around the area to keep it dry.
Next, your dentist will drill an access hole into your tooth to remove the decayed nerve tissue, bacteria and any related debris. The dentist will then clean out the remaining debris, and scrub the sides and bottom of the root chamber, before adding a root canal filler.
Once your dentist has the tooth wholly cleaned and filled, they seal it. Sometimes, they will seal the tooth right away, but some dentists prefer to wait a week. If you have an infection, you may need to take antibiotics before you finish your root canal therapy. If your dentist decides to wait, they’ll put a temporary filling on the exterior of the tooth.
When you come to your next appointment, your dentist will apply a rubber compound and a sealer paste into your tooth’s root canal before placing a filling on the tooth’s exterior. The final step involves placing a crown on the tooth, the root canal can weaken the tooth’s structure.
What to Expect After Root Canal Therapy
Although root canals have a reputation for being painful, most people report that they are no more painful than a traditional filling. For the first two or three days after the root canal therapy, your tooth may feel sensitive. This feeling is natural due to the inflammation around the tooth. Over-the-counter pain medications can usually control your discomfort levels, and most patients return to their normal activities the day after the root canal.
Root canals have a very high success rate, and the tooth rarely needs additional work. Occasionally, the tooth will crack, or bacteria will seep back into the sealed tooth chamber. When this happens, you’d need a second root canal to clear out any contaminants. However, this is very rare.
Signs You May Need a Root Canal
Some people experience no symptoms and are surprised that they need root canal therapy. However, the majority of patients do experience symptoms, and recognise quickly that they have a dental infection that is more severe than a simple cavity. These symptoms can come seemingly out of nowhere, or they can build slowly over time. Common signs you may need a root canal include:
- Severe pain when you apply pressure to your tooth, or when you chew
- Tenderness and swelling in your nearby gums
- Tooth discolouration or darkening
- Prolonged hot and cold temperature sensitivity
- Recurring or persistent pimples on your gums
Contact Marsden Park Dental Centre for Root Canal Therapy Today!
If you think you need root canal therapy, the first step is booking an appointment with one of our dentists at Marsden Park Dental Centre. Reach out and contact us today! | {
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<urn:uuid:dceddd9e-b06a-47d7-bf27-52b9a1c7b3af> | The USACE, acting under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the River and Harbors Act of 1899, regulates certain activities occurring in waters of the United States and navigable waters of the United States. The term "waters of the United States" found at 33 CFR 328.3 (a) means:
- All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
- All interstate waters including interstate wetlands;
- All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
- Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes; or
- From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or
- Which are used or could be used for industrial purpose by industries in interstate commerce;
- All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States under the definition;
- Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a)(1)-(4) of this section;
- The territorial seas;
- Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs (a)(1)-(6) of this section.
- Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the requirements of CWA (other than cooling ponds as defined in 40 CFR 123.11(m) which also meet the criteria of this definition) are not waters of the United States.
Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland. Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior converted cropland by any other federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with the EPA. Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, authorization must be obtained from the USACE for discharges of dredged and fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands. The Fort Worth District has compiled Procedures for Jurisdictional Determinations (dated March 24, 2003) for permit applications.
The Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual, dated January 1987, (1987 Manual) describes technical guidelines and methods using a multiparameter approach to identify and delineate wetlands for purposes of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (143 pages). The term "wetlands" means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. The Data Form for Routine Wetland Determination (dated March 1992) is used for wetland delineations in which office data and applied onsite methods are employed to determine whether an area is a wetland. Recognizing Wetlands is an online brochure that describes how to determine if an area is a wetland for purposes of the USACE Regulatory Program (Jacksonville USACE District). The Waterways Experiment Station (WES) has compiled a useful set of wetland publications that you can either view online or download.
The USACE is currently developing 10 regional supplements to the 1987 Manual. The USACE is proposing supplements for the following regions: Alaska; Arid West; Western Mountains, Valleys & Coast; Great Plains; Midwest; Atlantic & Gulf Coastal Plain; Northcentral & Northeast; Caribbean Islands; Mid-Atlantic & Southeast; and Hawaii/Pacific Islands. The Arid West, Great Plains, and Atlantic & Gulf Coastal Plain regions are located within the Fort Worth District.
The Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court) ruled on January 9, 2001, that the USACE does not have jurisdiction over intrastate isolated waters that have no nexus to interstate commerce other than use by migratory birds (Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County (SWANCC) v. United States Army Corps of Engineers et al.). It invalidated the use of the migratory bird rule. The USACE is working with the EPA and other agencies to revise regulations to address SWANCC issues (Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the Clean Water Act Regulatory (ANPRM) published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2003). In the ANPRM the USACE and EPA requested public comment on issues associated with the scope of waters that are subject to the Clean Water Act and provided clarifying guidance on the SWANCC decision.
On June 19, 2006, the Supreme Court issued its opinions on the Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. USACE ("Rapanos") cases. That decision addresses the scope of Clean Water Act (CWA) jurisdiction over certain waters of the United States, including wetlands. The decision provides two new analytical standards for determining whether water bodies that are not traditional navigable waters (TNWs), including wetlands adjacent to those non-TNWs, are subject to CWA jurisdiction: (1) if the water body is relatively permanent, or if the water body is a wetland that directly abuts (e.g., the wetland is not separated from the tributary by uplands, a berm, dike, or similar feature) a realtively permanent water body (RPW), or (2) if a water body, in combination with all wetlands adjacent to that water body, has a significant nexus with TNWs. A significant nexus exists if the tributary, in combination with all of its adjacent wetlands, has more than a speculative or an insubstantial effect on the chemical, physical, and/or biological integrity of a TNW. On June 5, 2007, the USACE and EPA issued joint guidance clarifying CWA jurisdiction in light of the "Rapanos" decision. Based on the joint guidance, a greater level of documentation to support an agency jurisdictional determination (JD) for a particular water body is required, including completion of a new JD form. The Fort Worth District USACE recommends that applicants download and complete the JD form (read the JD Instructional Guidebook and instructions for downloading the new JD form before downloading and completing the form) and include the completed forms in submittals to the Fort Worth District USACE in order to expedite JDs and other actions. The JD form can be downloaded from the Jacksonville District website.
Under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 the USACE regulates work in, or affecting, navigable waters of the United States. The Fort Worth District has compiled a list of the navigable waters of the United States in the Fort Worth, Albuquerque, and Tulsa Districts. Navigable waters of the United States (definition found at 33 CFR Part 329.4) are those waters that are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide and/or are presently used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce. A determination of navigability, once made, applies laterally over the entire surface of the waterbody, and is not extinguished by later actions or events which impede or destroy navigable capacity. The several factors which must be examined when making a determination whether a waterbody is a navigable water of the United States are listed below. Generally, the following conditions must be satisfied:
- Past, present, or potential presence of interstate or foreign commerce;
- Physical capabilities for use by commerce as in paragraph (a) of 33 CFR Part 329.5; and
- Defined geographic limits of the waterbody.
The USACE, Fort Worth District, maintains a list of jurisdictional determinations. The list is updated weekly and each JD is available online for three months. The USACE, Fort Worth District, also maintains a list of determinations of no jurisdiction for areas determined not to be waters of the United States based on the SWANCC decision addressed above. The list is updated weekly and every determination of no jurisdiction is available online. | {
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<urn:uuid:0096abcb-bea4-4316-8e19-cc24f8f568fc> | what is short to voltage in a car electrical circuit & how to check it ?
A: As soon as a DC voltage is applied the capacitor is a short or no voltage
to the floor
A short to voltage is when a wire that should not have battery voltage has battery voltage. This would happen if a wire had rubbed through another wire. The other cause would be an electrical component failing and sending voltage down a wire that it shouldn't. NOTE: Shorts to voltage are very uncommon. I specialize in electrical automotive repair, and I can not even recall one time I have seen a short to voltage.
In Short circuit test High Voltage side is feeded with 2-5% of the High Voltage rating to circulate approximately full load current in low voltage winding by short circuiting it. Low voltage is generally short circuited to facilitate measurements because it is more difficult to measure the quantities at high voltages.
Most likely a short circuit will cause no voltage. Due to the high current on a short circuit fault the over current protection of the circuit will trip. This will cut the voltage supply off completely.
zero? the supply voltage? the supply voltage minus the individual coltage drops? the sum of the individual voltage drops? which one?
A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes intended to be at different voltages. A voltage circuit is caused intentionally for the purpose of voltage sensing. A ground circuit occurs between a phase and the ground.
If a short occurs in a resistor in series with other resistors, the voltage drops across the other resistors will increase. If a short occurs in a resistor in parallel with other resistors, the voltage drops across the other resistors will decrease, to zero.
A high current flows through a short circuit even if there is no voltage change because the resistance across the short circuit is zero.
Short circuit voltage is the voltage that has to be applied to the primaries of a transformer, so that the nominal current flows through the secondaries, when they are shorted. This value is important, if transformer secondaries shall be used in parallel. Ideally all transformers with parallel secondaries should have the same short circuit voltage. When their short circuit voltages are different, the transformer with the lower short circuit voltage will be loaded more than their relationship of power ratings would predict. The short circuit voltage is also important in the design of a transformer, because it predicts, how much the secondary voltage will drop at nominal output current. This knowledge helps the designer to find out, how many further windings the secondary needs for a certain voltage in relation to an ideal transformer. Short circuit voltage is also known as impedance voltage.
The output short circuit current is the solar cell's current when the voltage is zero, or when it, is short circuited. | {
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<urn:uuid:5435853a-0d14-41f4-9eee-358a35748550> | What Is the Tarsal Tunnel?
The tarsal tunnel is a narrow space that lies on the inside of the ankle next to the ankle bones. The tunnel is covered with a thick ligament (the flexor retinaculum) that protects and maintains the structures contained within the tunnel—arteries, veins, tendons, and nerves. One of these structures is the posterior tibial nerve, which is the focus of tarsal tunnel syndrome.
What Is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compression, or squeezing, on the posterior tibial nerve that produces symptoms anywhere along the path of the nerve running from the inside of the ankle into the foot.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs in the wrist. Both disorders arise from the compression of a nerve in a confined space.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by anything that produces compression on the posterior tibial nerve, such as:
Patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome experience one or more of the following symptoms:
Symptoms are typically felt on the inside of the ankle and/or on the bottom of the foot. In some people, a symptom may be isolated and occur in just one spot. In others, it may extend to the heel, arch, toes, and even the calf.
Sometimes the symptoms of the syndrome appear suddenly. Often they are brought on or aggravated by overuse of the foot, such as in prolonged standing, walking, exercising, or beginning a new exercise program.
It is very important to seek early treatment if any of the symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome occur. If left untreated, the condition progresses and may result in permanent nerve damage. In addition, because the symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be confused with other conditions, proper evaluation is essential so that a correct diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.
The foot and ankle surgeon will examine the foot to arrive at a diagnosis and determine if there is any loss of feeling. During this examination, the surgeon will position the foot and tap on the nerve to see if the symptoms can be reproduced. He or she will also press on the area to help determine if a small mass is present.
Advanced imaging studies may be ordered if a mass is suspected or if initial treatment does not reduce the symptoms. Studies used to evaluate nerve problems—electromyography and nerve conduction velocity (EMG/NCV)—may be ordered if the condition shows no improvement with non-surgical treatment.
A variety of treatment options, often used in combination, are available to treat tarsal tunnel syndrome. These include:
When is Surgery Needed?
Sometimes surgery is the best option for treating tarsal tunnel syndrome. The foot and ankle surgeon will determine if surgery is necessary and will select the appropriate procedure or procedures based on the cause of the condition. | {
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<urn:uuid:a4f352e0-46d9-419e-8e82-584d691ddcaa> | As Spring approaches, it’s a great time to strengthen your immune system. A healthy diet, sleep, and exercise can help you do just that, but sometimes our bodies don’t get much of either. A daily supplement routine that includes functional mushrooms can help in this regard.
When it comes time to support our immune systems, we often seek natural supplements that can provide the most benefits. Well, mushrooms, depending on the species, can offer various health benefits. Mushrooms are a low-carb, high-fiber, and protein-packed option for your diet, but they also contain many bioactive compounds and minerals that are vital for our immune systems.
Let’s explore the different mushrooms for immune system support and how you can get the most benefits from each one.
Understanding How the Immune System Works
The immune system is comprised of a network of proteins, cells, and organs that actively fights off harmful bacteria and infections. There are two main parts comprising the immune system: the innate and the adaptive (or acquired). The innate immune system is inherited at birth and provides a general defense against various germs and substances. The acquired, or adaptive, immune system is the part that is constantly learning and adapting.
When your immune system is exposed to a new germ, the adaptive immune system will create antibodies and use them to fight it. When the body senses antigens—substances capable of stimulating an immune response—the immune system works to recognize and remove them. When our immune systems are not functioning at their best, they become less efficient at fighting off illnesses. That’s where added nutrition comes in.
How Can Mushrooms Support Your Immune System?
Mushrooms contain many immune-supporting properties.‡ Certain mushroom species contain bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory activities such as polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides, proteins, and terpenoids—all of which can have a positive effect on immune health.‡
Additionally, mushrooms contain beta-glucans. These are polysaccharides that occur naturally in the fungal cell walls of functional mushrooms. Beta-glucans stimulate the host immune response by activating a part of the immune system that enhances macrophages. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that detect, deconstruct, and ultimately destroy harmful microorganisms, protecting the body from infections and other harmful illnesses.
Mushrooms for Immune System Support
When turning to mushrooms for immune system support, certain species have gained traction for their ability to offer the most benefits. Some popular mushrooms for immune system support include:
Reishi, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, is renowned for its numerous health benefits. Reishi has a high amount of polysaccharide compounds which help activate the immune system.‡
Grifola Frondosa, also known as maitake, contains a high amount of beta-glucans and antioxidants. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals—unstable atoms that can cause cell damage.‡ An unstable amount of free radicals can greatly impact your immune system.
Turkey tail contains many polysaccharides which help manage responses at a cellular level and support a healthy immune response.‡ Turkey tail also provides support for gut health which can contribute to better immune health as much of the immune system is housed in the gut.‡
Lions’ mane, primarily known for its role in supporting a healthy nervous system, can also help optimize your immune system. It is also known as Hericium erinaceus, and it contains important polysaccharides such as beta-glucans, prebiotic fibers, and digestive enzymes which modulate the immune system and promote healthy gut flora.‡
Inonotus obliquus, or chaga, is notable for its anti-aging properties; however, this species of mushroom is often referred to as “the king of mushrooms” because of its high levels of antioxidants. Cultivated chaga promotes the formation of cytokines—proteins that regulate the immune system.‡ This formation can stimulate white blood cells, which are key in supporting immune health and function.‡
Om Mushroom’s Immune-Supporting Products
Each species of mushrooms offers specific benefits that can help support your immune system.‡ Our bodies are often in need of additional vitamins and minerals to function at their best. Since mushrooms can help support better immune health, adding a mushroom powder supplement to your daily routine can provide a convenient way to obtain immune-supporting benefits.‡
Om Mushroom offers a variety of single-species mushroom powders and powder blends so you can conveniently incorporate a mushroom supplement into your regimen.
Each species is cultivated under carefully controlled conditions at an indoor farm in Carlsbad, California. Here are some products to consider for your daily immune system support:
Immune Multi Boost Supplement with Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a vital bioactive compound for supporting immune defense. Om Mushroom recognized this and combined vitamin C along with other species of mushrooms to create a multi-boost supplement to help support overall immune health. The Immune Multi Boost Supplement contains 2,500 mg of organic mushrooms and 1,000 mg of vitamin C per serving and high potency of D3 and Zinc. Offered in unique flavors, these convenient packets offer quick immune-supporting benefits that can be enjoyed hot or cold.‡
Immune Mushroom Powder Blend
Om’s Immune Mushroom Powder Blend offers four species of mushroom, including agaricus blazei, maitake, turkey tail, and reishi. Simply add one teaspoon of mushroom powder daily to your favorite recipes, coffees, smoothies, or soups to take advantage of the associated immune-supporting benefits.‡
Immune Defense Mushroom Capsules
Offering the same blend of mushrooms as the Immune Mushroom Powder Blend, the Immune Defense Capsules help support the immune system and help keep your body guarded against sickness.‡ Capsules offer a convenient way to obtain many bioactive compounds and nutrients. Take three capsules per day with a glass of water.
Immune+ Mushroom Drink Mix
If you are looking for a simple and delicious way to naturally support your immune system, Om Mushroom’s Immune+ Mushroom Drink Mix offers a flavorful solution. Simply add one tablespoon to 12 ounces of water and support your body’s defenses with the natural beta-glucan power of organic reishi, turkey tail, maitake, and agaricus blazei, plus 2 billion probiotics and a 330% daily value of Vitamin C.‡
Maintaining a healthy immune system has never been more crucial. When exploring natural supplements to support your immune health, consider Om Mushroom. Our mushroom products for immune system support are delicious, convenient, and perfect for keeping your immune system battle-ready.
‡These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Functional mushroom products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Immune Defense Mushroom CapsulesRated 4.9 out of 5 stars102 Reviews
- Regular Price
- From $25.49 | {
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<urn:uuid:171dd475-bfe3-47c7-be28-87ca9a3e195c> | You are the first chief diversity officer at a Fortune 100 company. To help employees understand cross-cultural diversity and the value of diversity in the workplace, you are assigned to create a presentation on the cultural influences in your life. Include pictures to show how social practice and the culture you grew up in helped shape you.
Think about the person you are now. Think of all the cultural influences that may have impinged on you. Some examples include your parents, your parental milieu, your ethnic group, your religion, the areas or countries you lived in, your gender, the schools you went to, the schools’ ideology, and your peers and their backgrounds.
Create a 12- to 19-slide PowerPoint presentation with detailed speaker notes that includes or does the following:
(1 slide) Introduction
(4–6 slides) Describes the major cultural influences on your life
(3–5 slides) Explains the impact of cultural influences on you and your way of being (make sure you don’t focus on individual influences)
(1–2 slides) Describes what would have been different about you without some of the cultural influences
(2–4 slides) Applies Erikson’s psychosocial theory
(1 slide) References
Cite at least 3 academic or scholarly sources to support your assignment.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assignment.
Center for Writing Excellence
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<urn:uuid:ab9e42c2-3ef9-4099-a16e-8927b12e45d6> | Chorro de Maíta is located in the foothills of the southeast of Cerro de Yaguajay, in the region known as the Archaeological Capital of Cuba, Banes, in the north of the province of Holguín.
This museum is a replica burial site from the times of the Taíno, indigenous people of Cuba. Intensive excavations took place from 1975 onward. A cemetery was found, covering about 2,000 square metres, with about two hundred burials. 56 of these are now shown in the exact place of discovery, as an in situ museum. It is the first Aboriginal cemetery of ceramist farmers found in Cuba from the period around the arrival of the first Spaniards. Chorro de Maíta is a place of contact with other cultures, not just with the Spanish, but also with the Mexicans.
Across from the museum, a Taino village is recreated including 38 human sculptures and of course houses. The figures also include the priest-doctor exorcising the evil spirits from a young woman with labour pains; a dance group; cotton spinners; cooks preparing yucca to make cassava bread; and the chief smoking; children playing with their dogs; women bathing and sunning themselves in a stream, wearing only woven bracelets; and men also bathing in colourful robes. The village consists of circular dwellings with a conical roof. Daily life is shown like it could have been like for a family of the Aruaca ethnic group more than five centuries ago.
Text & Image source: Radio Rebelde | {
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<urn:uuid:45df7592-95ac-479d-a36b-0176871e9291> | Lechuguilla Cave: Exploring a Wondrous World Beneath the Guadalupe Mountains
Carlsbad Cavern is a global destination. Each year, hundreds of thousands of visitors from around the world descend into the cavern's “Big Room” – to tour the immense labyrinth of otherworldly cave formations. And on summer evenings, there's the spectacle of hundreds of thousands of bats taking flight from the cave's entrance.
But the cavern – namesake for the New Mexico national park – is just one of more than a hundred caves in this part of the Guadalupe Mountains. The story of Lechuguilla Cave, in the backcountry of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, is a reminder of the deep mysteries of the Chihuahuan Desert. And it's proof that there are frontiers of discovery not only beyond our planet, but within it.
A passionate spelunker from his teenage years, Paul Burger has written two books on cave exploration.
“Pretty much I got hooked from trip number one,” Burger said, “and have been solidly into it ever since. That would have been 1985, so it's been a while.”
Burger spent 11 years in a caver's dream job – as a Carlsbad Caverns National Park staffer. He works at parks now in Alaska, but continues to map caves in the Guadalupes. He says he speaks as a cave explorer, not a park-service representative.
Most great caves – like Kentucky's Mammoth Cave, the planet's longest known cave system – are formed from the top down. Surface water works its way through limestone, creating sinkholes and underground rivers. But the caves of the Guadalupes are different. They're “hypogenic,” meaning the water that formed them came from below.
The caves formed between 7 and 12 million years ago. As rain fell on the Guadalupes – a more extensive range then – it percolated down into deep aquifers. There it mixed with another substance found beneath the Earth here: petroleum. The encounter created a potent sulfuric acid, with microbial life intensifying the process.
The result, Burger said, is “a lot of hollow ground” beneath the Guadalupes. It's just geological serendipity if these hollow spaces, these chasms and tunnels, have an opening at the surface.
For Carlsbad Cavern, that opening is a yawning chasm. But not all cave openings are so obvious.
The 70-foot-deep pit that marks the entrance to Lechuguilla Cave was known since at least 1903, when local ranchers mined guano there. And later, Carlsbad park staff noted that there was powerful airflow coming out of a pile of rubble at the bottom of the pit.
That airflow was barometric – wind rushed in or out depending on atmospheric pressure. It suggested there was a vast open space below.
Beginning in 1984, an engineer and caver named Dave Allured led an effort to penetrate the rubble. And on Memorial Day 1986, his crew succeeded. Their discovery was electrifying.
“They quickly explored the first 1000-plus feet till they hit the first real big pit in the cave,” Burger said, “which is Boulder Falls, which is an almost 200-foot-deep pit. The air is just ripping through there, so they knew they were on to something big. No one ever expected there would be a cave that extensive and that big that hadn't already been found in the Guads.”
At 30 miles long, Carlsbad Cavern was assumed to be the most extensive cave in the Guadalupes. But cavers have now mapped more than 150 miles of meandering shafts and caverns in Lechuguilla Cave. And exploration continues.
And length isn't even the cave's true calling card. Lechuguilla Cave is widely considered the most beautiful cave in the world. The Chandelier Ballroom – with massive formations of delicate, crystalline gypsum – has become iconic. But there are pellucid waters and exquisite forms throughout.
Exploring this hidden world is rigorous work, an intense physical and psychological challenge. Camps have been established within the cave, and cavers often spend six days together underground.
Burger made his first trip here in 1988. As a young caver, the tight squeezes and traverses, the descents into baffling abysses, tested his limits.
“One wrong move and you just tumble down into the darkness,” he said. “It really is underground mountaineering. Having that much technical work just to move through the cave was definitely intimidating.”
There have been injuries. In 1991, caver Emily Davis Mobley suffered a broken leg in Lechuguilla's remote depths. Her evacuation took four days, and required the help of 200 people.
But to map a “virgin cave,” Burger said, more than compensates for those rigors and risks. Burger himself was the first to enter a cave room he named “High Hopes.” To name its stunning features – and to see those names become part of the record – is deeply satisfying, he said.
“It's almost like discovering a continent,” Burger said, “and in this case you're not usurping Native names that should have been on there in the first place. You can kit yourself out for a few hundred dollars and explore the far ends of these caves, and you're doing original exploration that you can't image from above. It's one of the few true individual exploration opportunities that there are on the planet.”
Carlsbad Caverns National Park offers guided tours of remote Slaughter Cave, for visitors seeking an underground wilderness experience. But Lechuguilla Cave itself is not open to the public. It's a fragile resource – of global significance. When Carlsbad Caverns National Park was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995, Lechuguilla Cave was a central reason.
And when it comes to caves here, it probably isn't the end of the story. Burger suspects there are caves yet to be discovered in this rugged, desert-mountain country along the Texas-New Mexico state line.
“All we can do is wander around the desert,” Burger said, “getting torn up by the rocks and vegetation and look into every nook and cranny and hope there's a cave there and not just a mountain lion or a rattlesnake.”
The Chihuahuan Desert is known for its vast spaces and mountain vistas. But it also conceals singular beauty within its depths. | {
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<urn:uuid:b53b12e8-9c96-45a5-81bc-33a5f02a9a22> | What is a Consortium? Definition
A consortium is a group of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in, or managing, a joint venture, project or enterprise. The term can also be used to describe an organization created to provide shared services or develop shared resources, such as a library consortium.
What is a Consortium?
A consortium is a group of two or more organizations that work together to accomplish a common goal. The members of a consortium share resources, knowledge, and expertise to achieve objectives that none of the organizations could accomplish on its own.
The purpose of a consortium can vary, but most consortiums are formed to pursue goals that are beneficial to the public good or to advance a particular industry or field. For example, a consortium might be formed to develop new technology, improve education, or protect the environment.
Membership in a consortium is voluntary, and each organization retains its autonomy. Consortiums are governed by an agreement that outlines the purpose of the group and how it will operate. This agreement is typically signed by the leaders of each member organization.
Consortiums can be either formal or informal. A formal consortium is usually established as a legal entity, such as a partnership or limited liability company. An informal consortium does not have a formal legal structure but still operates under an agreement between the member organizations.
What are the benefits of being in a Consortium?
There are many benefits of being in a Consortium, including:
-Access to expertise and resources: As a Consortium member, you have access to the expertise and resources of all the members. This allows you to share best practices and learn from each other.
-Improved quality: Consortium members can improve the quality of their products and services by working together to develop standards and procedures.
-Greater visibility: Being part of a Consortium gives members greater visibility in the marketplace. This can lead to increased sales and market share.
What are the types of Consortiums?
There are four primary types of consortiums:
#1. Purchasing Consortiums
Purchasing consortiums are groups of companies that join together to leverage their combined buying power to get discounts from suppliers. The group negotiates with vendors on behalf of the members and sets up contracts. This type of consortium is also sometimes called a buying group.
#2. Industry Consortiums
Industry consortiums are groups of companies in the same industry that work together to address common concerns or take advantage of shared opportunities. For example, the Semiconductor Industry Association is an industry consortium made up of semiconductor manufacturers. These types of consortiums may be involved in developing standards, sponsoring research, or lobbying for favorable regulations.
#3. Technology Consortiums
Technology consortiums are groups of companies that cooperate to develop new technologies or advance existing ones. For example, the Global Graphene Group is a technology consortium working to commercialize graphene-based products. These types of consortiums typically have a more defined structure than industry consortiums and often have paid membership dues.
#4. Academic Consortiums
Academic consortiums are groups of colleges and universities that come together to share resources and expertise or pursue joint research projects. One example is the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, which is made up of over 100 member institutions committed to advancing atmospheric sciences.
How do I start a Consortium?
There are a few key things you need to do to start a consortium. First, you need to determine the purpose of the consortium and what type of organization it will be. Will it be a formal organization with bylaws and officers, or will it be more informal? Once you have determined the purpose, you need to identify potential members and reach out to them. It is important to get input from potential members early on to ensure that the consortium meets their needs. Finally, you need to develop a plan for the consortium and how it will operate. This includes deciding on things like membership dues, meeting frequency, and how decisions will be made.
A consortium is an organization of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or achieving a common goal. Consortiums are formed for a variety of reasons, including to pool resources, share risks and rewards, expand market reach or gain access to technology. There are many different types of consortiums, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The best type of consortium for your business will depend on your specific needs and objectives. | {
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<urn:uuid:30a3154e-367c-43a4-86ff-dcaccd82d1fa> | About big injection moulds design
Designing large injection molds can be a complex process, but the following are some general steps to consider:
Define the product requirements: First, you need to determine the specific product requirements, such as size, shape, and material.
Choose the right material: Choose the right material for the mold based on the product’s material, production quantity, and other factors. Common materials for large injection molds include steel and aluminum.
Design the mold: Design the mold using computer-aided design (CAD) software. This includes creating the 3D model of the mold, as well as designing the cooling and ejection systems.
Simulate the mold: Simulate the mold using mold flow analysis software to identify and solve potential issues before production. This can include optimizing the cooling and ejection systems to reduce cycle time and improve quality.
Manufacture the mold: Once the mold design is finalized, it can be manufactured using CNC machining or other techniques.
Test and refine the mold: After the mold is manufactured, it should be tested and refined to ensure it meets the product requirements and is capable of producing high-quality parts.
Maintain and repair the mold: Large injection molds can require ongoing maintenance and repairs to ensure they continue to produce high-quality parts over time.
Overall, designing large injection molds requires careful consideration of a variety of factors, including product requirements, material selection, design, simulation, manufacturing, testing, and maintenance. | {
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<urn:uuid:0775a4c5-1458-4a82-85f8-11916a02a1e9> | John Ball Zoo Animals To Be Vaccinated
Some of the animals at John Ball Zoo will soon be protected as they receive doses of a specially designed COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine was created specifically so that it can cross species of animals. It's not the same type of vaccine that people have had. All of the chimps and big cats will be receiving the same vaccine.
None of the animals at John Ball Zoo have had the COVID 19 virus. The symptoms that animals at other zoos have experienced are fairly close to what humans have been dealing with.
Zoos across the country have been sharing information. Chimpanzees, lions, tigers, snow leopards, and small carnivores are all susceptible to the virus. Dr. Ryan Colburn, a veterinarian at John Ball Zoo told Fox 17,
"When COVID-19 first came about, we were definitely from the get-go watching our primates very carefully because those species tend to be susceptible to the same diseases we are."
Zookeepers will administer the doses of the vaccine as they roll in. They will work their vaccinations into their established routines, as to not add extra stress on the animals. Dr. Colburn added,
"Some of our other animals, we'll probably tie it to their routine physicals. So, when we're going to anesthetize them, have them here at the hospital under anesthesia for an exam, we'll add that vaccination to their care plan for that day."
Princess Day at the Zoo is coming up on July 17. You can learn about that and other events by clicking here.
LOOK: 30 fascinating facts about sleep in the animal kingdom | {
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<urn:uuid:353c7b73-b979-4159-835d-c400330073f6> | Plugin base class for converting images into feature vectors
Representations are used to convert images to feature vectors lazily (only when necessary). They are similar to Transforms in many respects but differ in a few key areas. Transforms should be used to construct feature vectors if it is desirable to construct a vector before evaluation that encompasses the entire feature space (or a smaller subset learned during training). Representations should be used if their is a large possible feature space but a few select features are necessary for a particular computation. This is often the case in tree architectures, where each node has an associated feature. The possible feature space is all of the features associated with all of the nodes, but the required features are only the features associated with nodes that are actually visited. The purpose of Representations is to allow these features to be calculated as needed instead of calculating all of the features before hand, which is less efficient. | {
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<urn:uuid:37726536-9e1b-4e4a-8840-d72a8b5a68cd> | Frown lines, often regarded as an inevitable sign of aging, can become a cause for concern when they make us look older than we feel. The good news is that there are ways to prevent and treat these unwelcome facial lines. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore what frown lines are, what causes them, and various prevention and treatment options available, including red light therapy.
What Are Frown Lines?
Frown lines are the wrinkles and creases that appear between our eyebrows or on our foreheads, becoming more pronounced as we age. These lines can be classified into two categories: dynamic and static. Dynamic frown lines appear when we move our facial muscles to express emotions, such as frowning or squinting. Static lines, on the other hand, are the wrinkles that remain visible even when our faces are relaxed. Although these lines are most commonly found between the eyebrows and on the forehead, they can also develop around the mouth and eyes.
Causes of Frown Lines
Understanding the causes of frown lines is essential for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies. These lines primarily result from aging, repeated facial expressions, and a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
- Aging and Skin Elasticity - As we age, our skin loses its natural elasticity, making it more prone to the formation of wrinkles and fine lines. This loss of elasticity is primarily due to a decline in the production of collagen and elastin – two proteins that play a crucial role in maintaining the skin's firmness and flexibility. Over time, these proteins break down, causing the skin to sag and form frown lines.
- Facial Expressions and Muscular Activity - Frequent and repetitive facial expressions contribute to the development of the lines. The muscles in our faces contract to form expressions, leading to the formation of temporary lines on the skin. Over time, these dynamic lines can become static as the skin loses its ability to bounce back into place.
- Genetics and Environmental Factors - Genetics play a significant role in determining how our skin ages and the extent to which the lines develop. In addition, environmental factors such as sun exposure, smoking, and pollution can exacerbate the formation of wrinkles by damaging collagen and elastin fibers, making the skin more susceptible to frown lines.
How to Prevent Frown Lines
Its prevention involves proper skin care, facial exercises, and making healthy lifestyle choices that support overall skin health. First, a consistent skincare routine is essential for maintaining the health and appearance of your skin. Regular cleansing, exfoliating, and moisturizing can help remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and provide essential nutrients and hydration to the skin. Additionally, applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF can protect your skin from harmful UV rays, which are known to cause premature aging and the formation of lines.
Practicing facial exercises and massage techniques can also help relax facial muscles, improve circulation, and promote a more youthful appearance. By targeting specific muscles responsible for frown lines, these exercises and massage techniques can help prevent the formation of static wrinkles. Finally, maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants can promote healthy skin and help slow down the aging process. Additionally, avoiding smoking and excessive sun exposure, getting enough sleep, and managing stress levels can significantly impact the formation of the lines and overall skin health.
How to Treat Frown Lines
A variety of treatments, ranging from topical creams to cosmetic procedures and Red Light Therapy, can help reduce the appearance of frown lines. As one of the most significant steps on how to reduce wrinkles, determining the most appropriate treatment takes research. It depends on factors such as individual skin type, the severity of the lines, and personal preferences.
The best topical treatments which contain retinoids, peptides, and antioxidants can help stimulate collagen production and reduce the appearance of frown lines. Retinoids, derived from vitamin A, are known for their ability to promote cell turnover and collagen synthesis. Peptides and antioxidants, on the other hand, protect the skin from environmental stressors and support its natural repair processes.
Botox injections and dermal fillers are two popular cosmetic procedures used to treat frown lines. Botox works by temporarily paralyzing the facial muscles responsible for the formation of the lines, resulting in a smoother appearance. Dermal fillers, such as hyaluronic acid, can be injected beneath the skin to fill in lines and wrinkles, restoring volume and providing a more youthful appearance.
Red Light Therapy
Known as a non-invasive treatment for frown lines, Red Light Therapy is making rounds in the skincare industry. This treatment involves the use of a red light therapy device or red light therapy wand that emits low-level red and near-infrared wavelengths of light. These wavelengths penetrate the skin, stimulating collagen production and cellular regeneration. Red light therapy at home using red light wands can be a convenient option for those looking to incorporate this treatment into their skincare routine. Research has shown that Red Light Therapy can effectively reduce frown lines without the side effects associated with other treatments.
At-Home Devices and Techniques
In addition to red light face wands, other at-home devices, such as microcurrent devices, can help treat frown lines. Microcurrent devices deliver low-level electrical currents to the skin, which helps tone and tighten facial muscles.
There's a California-based skincare tech company named Solawave that is considered the leader in Red Light Therapy. And they have a device, their 4-in-1 Skincare Wand, that features both Red Light Therapy and Microcurrent. They're famous for providing high-quality devices at reasonable prices.
Frown lines, although a common concern, can be managed and treated with proper understanding, prevention strategies, and treatment options. Red Light Therapy, in particular, offers a safe, non-invasive, and effective solution for reducing frown lines. To achieve the best results, it's essential to assess your individual needs and, if necessary, consult a skin care professional for personalized advice. Ultimately, adopting a holistic approach to skincare that includes healthy lifestyle choices, proper skin care, and targeted treatments can help keep your skin looking youthful and radiant. | {
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<urn:uuid:aac897e9-03f4-43f7-b1ee-9fdba748e811> | A gas leak tester helps identify the source of a flammable or toxic gas leak in home, office, commercial and industrial systems. These devices are commonly used on compressed air, gas, steam and vacuum systems in addition to refrigeration systems and door seals. Often, these tests can help eliminate the need to enter hazardous areas or work with dangerous chemicals.
Leak detection systems are utilised by companies in the oil and gas industry for surveying and pinpointing leaks on exposed piping, as well as in chemical manufacturing facilities. Two types of leak detector instruments are typically used in these applications: combustible gas indicators and flame ionisation detectors.
Clearing the Air: Ensuring Safety with Carbon Dioxide Monitors in Various Settings
Other industries that use gas leak detectors include medical and industrial laboratories and pharmaceutical plants. Some of these units are also able to detect oxygen or nitrous oxide, which are odourless.
Some DIY methods of detecting leaks include using your senses, such as listening for hissing sounds or unusual flame colours on a gas stove and looking for fungus-like growth around a suspected leak area. Additionally, it is a good idea to contact a professional for an inspection if you think you have a gas leak in your home.
Having a gas leak in your home can decrease efficiency, cost you more money each month and lead to health concerns such as headaches, loss of concentration and even suffocation. To keep your family, friends and pets safe, invest in a gas leak detector to spot any potential issues before they become more serious. Some models even have app-based alerts and smart home integration so you can monitor your property while away.
…Read More → | {
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