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2897306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Riou | Edward Riou | Edward Riou FRS (20 November 17622 April 1801) was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the French Revolutionary Wars under several of the most distinguished naval officers of his age and won fame and honour for two incidents in particular.
Riou entered the navy at 12 years of age, and after a period spent in British and North American waters, served as a midshipman on Captain James Cook's third and final voyage of discovery. Prior to this voyage he had his portrait painted by popular artist Daniel Gardner. Rising through the ranks, he saw service on a number of the navy's stations, but also endured periods of unemployment. He received his first command in 1789, the former fifth-rate , which was being used to transport stores and convicts to Australia. He had the misfortune to run his ship onto an iceberg, which nearly caused his ship to sink outright. After several attempts to stop the flooding into the damaged hull, most of the crew abandoned ship. Despite fully anticipating his death, Riou refused to leave his ship, and he and a few others were left to attempt the nearly impossible task of navigating the sinking ship several hundred leagues to land. After nine weeks at sea, and with continued labour and endurance, Riou successfully navigated his half-sunk ship back to port, saving the lives of those who had elected to remain with him.
His feat earned him promotions and finally commands, but a period of ill-health forced his temporary retirement from active service. Recovering quickly, he was given command of the new 38-gun , and was assigned in 1801 to Sir Hyde Parker's expedition to the Baltic. Riou worked closely with Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson during the approach to the Battle of Copenhagen, earning Nelson's trust and admiration. Nelson appointed Riou to command his frigate squadron during the battle, but when the engagement began badly for the British, Riou used his initiative to attack the Danish forts, despite being heavily outgunned. When Parker sent the signal to withdraw, Nelson ignored it and Riou felt he had no choice but to obey his commanding officer, despite his despair at what Nelson would think of retreat. As the Amazon swung away, she exposed her vulnerable stern to the Danish batteries. Riou was encouraging his men to the end when he was cut down by a round shot. Nelson, on learning of Riou's death, called the loss 'irreparable'. A monument was erected to his memory in St Paul's Cathedral, while a poem commemorated the loss of the 'gallant, good Riou'.
Family and early career
Riou was born at Mount Ephraim, near Faversham, Kent, on 20 November 1762, the second son of Captain Stephen Riou of the Grenadier Guards, and his wife Dorothy. He embarked on a naval career at the age of 12, joining Sir Thomas Pye's flagship, the 90-gun at Portsmouth. His next ship was the 50-gun , flagship of Vice-Admiral John Montagu on the Newfoundland station. Riou was rated midshipman by 1776 and joined Captain Charles Clerke's for a voyage to the Pacific under Captain James Cook aboard . The expedition was Cook's third voyage of discovery, and after his death at Hawaii Clerke took command, transferring to Resolution and bringing Midshipman Riou with him.
Riou took and passed his lieutenant's examination on 19 October 1780, shortly after the expedition's return to Britain, and received his promotion on 28 October. His first appointment as lieutenant was to the 14-gun brig-sloop , which was sent to serve in the West Indies. Here Riou appears to have become ill, a common experience for naval officers serving in the tropics, but he survived to return to Britain and was discharged from his ship on 3 February 1782 and went into the Royal Naval Hospital at Haslar. He recovered his health and by April 1783 was back on active service, joining the Portsmouth guardship . Discharging from the Ganges in June 1784, he went on to half-pay, which lasted for two years until he received another appointment, this time to the 50-gun in March 1786. The Salisbury was the flagship of Rear-Admiral John Elliot, who sailed to Newfoundland take up his post as Commodore-Governor there. During this period in his life, Riou was described by a seaman aboard the Ganges as 'a strict disciplinarian with a fanatical regard for cleanliness'. He was also noted to be a religious man, and an affectionate son and brother. A further period on half-pay followed his discharge from the Salisbury in November 1788, but meanwhile he had succeeded in attracting the attention of the Townsend family, and was able to use their patronage to secure an appointment to command , in April 1789.
Command of the Guardian
The Guardian was a former two-decked 44-gun fifth-rate, but had been armed en flûte and loaded with stores to be taken to the British colony at Botany Bay. In addition to these stores, consisting of seeds, plants, farm machinery and livestock with a total value of some £70,000, the Guardian was also to transport a number of convicts and their overseers. Aboard the Guardian was a young midshipman named Thomas Pitt, the son of politician Thomas Pitt, and nephew of Prime Minister William Pitt.
With over 300 people aboard his ship, Riou left Spithead on 8 September 1789, and had an uneventful voyage to the Cape of Good Hope where he loaded more livestock and plants. While at the Cape, Riou met Lieutenant William Bligh, who had sailed with Riou on Cook's third voyage during which Bligh had been the sailing master of Resolution. Bligh had arrived at the Cape from Timor, where he had landed after a 3,618 mile voyage in an open boat following a mutiny aboard his ship, . After completing his re-provisioning, Riou sailed from the Cape in mid-December, and picking up the Westerlies, began the second leg of his voyage to New South Wales. On Christmas Eve, twelve days after his departure from the Cape, a large iceberg was spotted, and Riou decided to use the ice to replenish his stocks of fresh water that were quickly being depleted by the need to supply the plants and animals he was transporting.
Riou and the iceberg
Riou positioned himself near the iceberg, and despatched boats to collect the ice. By the time the last boats had been recovered, night had fallen and a sudden fogbank descended, hiding the iceberg from view. Riou found himself in a dangerous situation. Somewhere to leeward lay a large mass of ice, concealed in the darkness and fog. He posted lookouts in the bows and rigging, and began to edge slowly forward. After sometime the danger seemed to be past, and the iceberg left behind, when at 9 o'clock a strange pale glow was reported by the lookout in the bows. Riou ordered the helm to turn hard a starboard, turning into the wind as a wall of ice higher than the ship's masts slid by along the side. It briefly appeared that the danger had been avoided, but as she passed by, the Guardian struck an underwater projection with a crash. Caught in a sudden gust of wind, the ship reared up and swung about, driving the stern into the ice, smashing away the rudder, shattering her stern frame and tearing a large gash in the hull. Despite the seriousness of the situation, Riou remained calm, using the sails to pull clear of the ice, and then taking stock of the damage.
Now clear of the immediate danger of the ice, Riou found himself in a desperate situation. There was two feet of water in the hold and more was rushing in, while the sea was rising and a gale had sprung up. The pumps were manned, but could not keep up with the influx of water, and by midnight there was 6 feet of water in the hold. At dawn on Christmas Day, an attempt was made to fother the hull, which involved lowering an oakum-packed studding sail over the side to cover the gash in the hull and slow the flooding. This was temporarily successful and by 11 o'clock the pumps had been able to reduce the water to a level of 19 inches. The respite was short-lived, as the sail split under the pressure of the water and the water level began to rise again. A number of seaman requested permission to take to the ship's boats. Riou convinced them to stay, but another attempt to fother the hull with another sail failed when the sail immediately ripped. By nightfall on 25 December, the water in the hold had risen to 7 feet, and the ship was rolling violently, allowing water to pour over the ship's side. Riou ordered the stores, guns and livestock to be thrown overboard in an attempt to lighten the ship, but was injured when his hand was crushed by a falling cask while trying to clear the bread-room. By morning the next day, the ship was settling by the stern, while the sails had been torn away in the gale. Again the seamen, this time joined by the convicts, requested to be allowed to take to the boats. Riou at last agreed to this, well aware that there were not enough boats for everyone, and announced 'As for me, I have determined to remain in the ship, and shall endeavour to make my presence useful as long as there is any occasion for it.'
'I have determined to remain in the ship'
While the boats were prepared, Riou wrote a letter to the Secretary to the Admiralty;
Riou gave the note to Mr Clements, the master of the Guardian, who was given command of the launch. A total of 259 people chose to join the five boats, leaving Riou with sixty-two people; himself, three midshipmen, including Thomas Pitt, the surgeon's mate, the boatswain, carpenter, three superintendents of convicts, a daughter of one of the superintendents, thirty seamen and boys and twenty-one convicts. The Guardian was nearly awash by now with 16 feet of water in the hold, but a bumping noise on the deck attracted attention, and on investigation was found to be a number of casks that had broken free and were floating in the hold, trapped under the lower gundeck. Realising that this was providing extra buoyancy, Riou had the gun deck hatches sealed and caulked, while another sail was sent under the hull to control the flooding. Having now created a substitute hull out of his deck, Riou raised what little sail he could and began the long journey back to land, with the pumps being continuously manned.
For nine weeks Riou and his small crew navigated the Guardian, by now little more than a raft, across the 400 leagues to the Cape of Good Hope. The Cape of Good Hope was sighted on 21 February 1790, and whalers were despatched from Table Bay to help the battered ship to safety. Riou ran her aground to prevent her sinking, but a gale struck the coast shortly afterwards, completing the wreck of the Guardian. The voyage was described by J. K. Laughton in the Dictionary of National Biography as 'almost without parallel'. Those who remained with the Guardian were among the few survivors of the accident. Of the boats sent out on 25 December, only the launch with 15 people survived, having been rescued by a French merchant. The launch had witnessed the sinking of the jolly-boat, before losing contact with the two cutters and the long-boat. Riou arranged for the surviving convicts who had helped to save the ship to be pardoned for their good service.
Promotion and early service in the French Revolutionary Wars
Riou returned to Britain and was met with popular acclaim for his feat. Acquitted of any blame for the loss of his ship, he was promoted to master and commander on 21 September 1790, and advanced to post-captain on 4 June 1791. These promotions were for rank only, and he did not receive a command until after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. Appointed to command the sixth-rate in June 1793, he served in the West Indies with Sir John Jervis and was active in the operations against Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1794. He was moved to the 40-gun in November 1794, capturing a number of small French vessels before ill-health forced him to be invalided home. In the meantime, he was appointed to the yacht HMS Princess Augusta, but his health improved and he was able to return to active service in June 1799 with an appointment to command the 38-gun . He was active against French privateers, before being assigned to Sir Hyde Parker's expedition to the Baltic in 1801 to compel the Danes to abandon the League of Armed Neutrality.
In May 1796 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
Battle of Copenhagen
After the British force had surveyed the Danish positions around Copenhagen, a council of war was held between Parker, his second in command Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, and the other British captains. Riou was among those present. Riou had worked closely with Nelson and Captain Thomas Foley in the lead up to the attack, and Nelson duly appointed him commander of the frigates and smaller vessels, with the instruction to deploy his ships to support the main fleet. As the battle began, several of Nelson's ships ran aground on shoals in the harbour, and a new plan of attack had to be improvised. As Nelson's ships of the line engaged their Danish counterparts, Riou took his frigates in to harass the Tre Kroner forts and blockships. Despite being heavily outmatched and dangerously exposed, they exchanged fire for several hours. The ships suffered heavy casualties; Riou was hit on the head by a splinter.
Death
At 1:15 pm, Parker, waiting outside the harbour with the reserve, raised a signal ordering Nelson to withdraw. Nelson acknowledged the signal but ignored it, while Nelson's second in command, Rear-Admiral Thomas Graves repeated the signal but did not obey it. Riou now found himself in a difficult position. Too junior an officer to risk disobeying a direct order, he reluctantly gave the order for his small squadron to withdraw. In doing so his ships were forced to turn their sterns to the Danish guns, leaving themselves open to heavy fire on their most vulnerable area. The withdrawal of and then reduced the thick cloud of gun smoke that was helping to obscure the British ships, leaving the Amazon exposed to the full force of the Danish guns. Riou remained in action for a further half an hour before reluctantly giving the order to withdraw. Lieutenant-Colonel William Stuart, commanding the soldiers of the 48th Regiment recorded that Riou:
Command of the Amazon devolved to her first lieutenant, Lieutenant John Quilliam, who completed the withdrawal.
Memorials
Nelson, who had not known him before this expedition, had conceived a great affection for Riou, and wrote 'In poor dear Riou the country has sustained an irreparable loss.' The naval historian Sir Jahleel Brenton declared that he had all the qualities of a perfect officer.
Parliament commemorated his memory with a joint memorial (shared with Cpt. James Robert Mosse) in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral. The poet Thomas Campbell wrote The Battle of the Baltic, with the lines
Notes
References
John Knox Laughton,
1762 births
1801 deaths
People from Faversham
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
British military personnel killed in the French Revolutionary Wars
Fellows of the Royal Society
James Cook
Military personnel from Kent
People of the War of the First Coalition |
43079356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Williamson | Gary Williamson | Gary Williamson may refer to:
Gary Williamson (footballer) (1941–2009), Australian rules footballer for Richmond and South Melbourne
Gary Williamson (ice hockey) (born 1950), Canadian former World Hockey Association forward
Gary Williamson, Canadian politician elected in the Wellington County municipal elections, 2010
Gary Williamson, contestant who appeared as Tony Christie on a 2000 episode of Stars in Their Eyes
Gary Williamson, drummer with the Australian rock band The Zorros
Gary Williamson, production designer and British Independent Film Awards 2009 nominee |
15684085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmanoko | Mmanoko | Mmanoko is a village in Kweneng District of Botswana. It is located 31 km north-east of the capital of Botswana, Gaborone, along the Gaborone–Molepolole road. The population was 763 in 2001 census.
References
Kweneng District
Villages in Botswana |
37342729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20D%20Morton | John D Morton | John D Morton (born March 27, 1953) is an American musician born in the Cleveland suburb of Lakewood, Ohio, best known as the leader and founder of protopunk band electric eels in 1972.
Early life
Growing up in and around Cleveland, John Morton played in bands during school while simultaneously getting into Beat Generation authors such as William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac and others as well as art thru films like Lust For Life, A Bucket of Blood, and other avenues. "Being an artist seemed like a way-viable means to get away with a whole lot of societal misbehaving."
Morton wore a jean jacket held together by safety pins as early as 1971, years before the use of safety pins became a widespread part of punk fashion. The use of safety pins in clothing and piercings was later popularized by artists such as Richard Hell, the Sex Pistols and others during the punk rock explosion of the late 70's. It was a jacket that Morton had admired a few years prior on his friend and mentor, Royce Dendler, an assistant professor at Oberlin College, whom Morton met when he was 14 years of age. Morton later visited Dendler while he was attending SVA and Dendler was also living in New York at the time. Upon inquiring as to the jacket's current whereabouts, Dendler answered by pointing to the doormat below them. Morton offered to replace the doormat and asked if he could have the jacket even though it was now tattered, in need of much repair. Morton subsequently repaired the jacket using safety pins to make it wearable and liked the look so much that he gleefully added even more safety pins. It's also been said that Morton wrote the lyrics to one of his earliest songs, Mr. Crab, after Dendler "walked him around New York and told him to write them." He recorded the song a few weeks later in September 1972 and it was eventually released in 1997 on the Those Were Different Times 3x10" vinyl set on Scat Records credited to The Styrenes.
Also around that time, he met Peter Laughner at Disc Records' Westgate store, where Laughner clerked after school, when Morton ordered about half of the ESP-Disk jazz catalogue from him. Laughner's interest was piqued by this esoteric taste in music, as well as by Morton's hulking appearance and peroxide blonde long hair, both at that time in Cleveland (especially) being quite unique, so he struck up a conversation. A few years later the two would both perform at the Special Extermination Night shows at the Viking Saloon. Morton appeared with electric eels, Laughner as a member of Rocket From The Tombs. Mirrors completed the bills which took place in December 1974 and January 1975.
Electric Eels
John Morton founded the band electric eels in 1972. The other original members were his friends Dave E McManus and Brian McMahon. The impetus for finally becoming an actual band being after they'd been to see a Captain Beefheart and his Magic Band gig and were unimpressed enough by the support band (Youngstown's Left End) that they decided they could do better themselves. "Me and Davie, or me and Brian, or me, Brian and Davie went to see Captain Beefheart, and Left End were playing. And they were real bad. And I said that we could do better than that. We started practicing on the back porch. I played guitar and Brian played piano cause he didn't want to play guitar. We figured Davie could sing cause he didn't do anything else. We had our ideas about playing anti-music back then." The band only played out 5 times. The first two times were in Columbus, Ohio, where they'd relocated "because John thought his life in danger from a jealous husband. The rest of us just followed as usual." Their last three shows were after returning to Cleveland. A few years after the eels called it quits, Rough Trade released the band's debut, a 7" single, Agitated b/w Cyclotron, released in the UK during 1978, at the height of punk rock music attaining mainstream attention on an international level like never before. Both sides were recorded during one of the band's many rehearsals, with the original Rough Trade single release version of Agitated being put to tape on May 25, 1975.
Ohio bands after Electric Eels
In late 1979, Morton formed a short lived band, "XX. You could put anything between the X's, like "Appearing tonight, "X 'Charles Manson and the Family' X" In our short 6-month career we played out 4 times, recorded two 45s on Drome Records. We were a very tight band, not by design. Tony (Anton) Fier added a lot of professionalism with his work on the drumbo kit." A fake band photo with no actual members was also circulated and appeared on the back of one of the band's two Drome Records singles.
Johnny and the Dicks were also formed in 1979, a performance art group who performed to a pre-recorded soundtrack, including You're Full of Shit recorded with Morton and The Styrenes, another band that Morton has played with at various times over the years in Cleveland and New York (most recently on their 2010 Dymaxion US Tour of 2010). Johnny and the Dicks played gigs in DC, Buffalo and Cleveland, ultimately releasing an "album" with no record, just the cover art.
Visual art, writing and music after leaving Ohio
In late 1978, Morton moved to New York with his wife at the time, the artist Michele Zalopany, also a member of "The Dicks" and seen in the fake band photo of the XX single. Once in NY, most of his creative energies were focused on his visual art. Despite an increasing addiction to drugs and alcohol, Morton was initially very productive, exhibiting often in his own solo shows and w/ group shows such as his own curated Murder, Suicide and Junk (ABC No Rio, Winter 1980), The Real Estate Show (Delancey St., Jan. 1980), and the infamous The Times Square Show (201 W 41st, Summer 1980). Morton was one of the prime movers of Collaborative Projects, becoming the group's president in 1982.
Throughout the 80's and 90's Morton continued to focus on his visual art as well as writing, surfing, traveling and eventually overcoming his various addictions. He formed Amoeba (raft boy), "seven months after I got sober in 1994", followed a few years later by The New Fag MotherFuckers. Some of his writing has been published in the Ecstatic Peace Poetry Journal (#5 and No. 6, poems 2002), Cle Magazine (66 Dog, short fiction 1998), Psychotronic Video Magazine (Sun Ra – Alien Against Manifest Destiny, article 1994).
In 2011, he participated in the Violet Times curated Foggy Notion art exhibition where he also debuted a new 3 piece musical group, The Dunking Swine of Chelsea, performing on treated electric sitar, theremin, musique concrète w/ accompaniment by violin and vocals. As of early 2013, it's been the Dunking Swine's only live appearance.
In 2012 Morton played on the sessions for two Scarcity of Tanks albums and performed as part of the group at a show in Brooklyn, NY.
He continues making art and music, as he has always done.
Selected discography
electric eels Agitated 45 – Rough Trade (1978)
electric eels God Says Fuck You CD – Homestead (1991)
electric eels The Eyeball of Hell 2xLP – Scat (2001)
X__X 45 A 45 – Drome (1979)
X__X 45 No Nonsense 45 – Drome (1980)
Amoeba (Raft Boy) Bad Fuggum From The Mysterium CD – Smog Veil Records (2002)
X__X LP – X STICKY FINGERS X LP – Ektro Records (2014)
X__X Albert Ayler's Ghosts live at the Yellow Ghetto EP CD – Smog Veil Records (2015)
X__X 45 Not Now, No Way – My Mind's Eye Records (2018)
Selected art exhibitions
2012
'Someday All The Adults Will Die' Punk Graphics 1971–1984, Group Exhibition, Hayward Gallery, London, UK
2011
Foggy Notion, Group Exhibition, Live With Animals Gallery, Brooklyn, NY
2009
Looking at Music: Side Two, Group Exhibition, Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
2008
Word Falling – Photo Falling, One-Person Photography and Art Installation The Word & Image Gallery, Treadwell, NY
2001
Esta Es Tu Casa Vicenta, Bienal Alternative Group Exhibition, Havana, Cuba.
2000
Yuma Peligroso, Aglutinador Space, Havana, Cuba. A one-person exhibition concerning an ex-pat's life in Cuba.
1980
Murder, Suicide and Junk, ABC No Rio Gallery, NYC
The Times Square Show, Times Square, NYC
A Real Estate Show, Delancey Street, NYC
References
Sources
Charlotte Pressler, Those Were Different Times A Memoir of Cleveland Life: 1967–1973 (Part One) (written 1978, published 1980), CLE 3A Magazine
Jon Savage, England's Dreaming: Sex Pistols and Punk Rock (1991), Faber and Faber,
Clinton Heylin, From the Velvets to the Voidoids: A Pre-Punk History for a Post-Punk World (1993), Penguin Books,
External links
John Morton's CV includes a selected list of exhibitions (curatorial and participatory), published writing, and music discography
John Morton: Artwork Extant!! his visual art is shown here
electric eels at Scat Records includes history, discography / recording details, MP3s and notes by former band members
John Morton's electric eels website (contains explicit language and images)
Discogs a catalog of Morton's music released by his bands and appearances on other bands' releases, including artwork credits
Maximum Rocknroll interview, issue #337 June 2011 includes images of art and links to other articles about Morton
Ugly Things interview, issue #33 May 2012 also features many electric eels and related images
Murder, Suicide & Junk: October 25 – November 9, 1980 contains images and reviews of this exhibition
Mortonian stuff emanates here John Morton's website
1953 births
Musicians from Cleveland
American punk rock musicians
American artists
Living people |
58749395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqsunqur%20al-Bursuqi | Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi | Qasīm al-Dawla Sayf al-Dīn Abū Saʿīd Āqsunqur al-Bursuqī (), also known as Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, Aqsonqor il-Bursuqi, Aksunkur al-Bursuki, Aksungur or al-Borsoki, was the Seljuk Turkoman atabeg of Mosul from 1113–1114 and again from 1124–1126.
Accession
He was a Turkoman mamluk of the Bursuqid dynasty founded by Bursuq.
A Turkish officer in the Seljuk army, al-Bursuqi was appointed as the representative of Mawdud, the atabeg of Mosul, to the court of the Seljuk sultan Muhammad I Tapar. An unidentified Assassin murdered Mawdud at a mosque in Damascus on 2 October 1113, and shortly thereafter the sultan appointed al-Bursuqi as Mawdud's successor at Mosul. The sultan also ordered his emirs to continue jihad (or holy war) against the Crusaders. Al-Bursuqi launched a devastating raid against the County of Edessa in April and May 1115. As the Artuqid ruler of Mardin, Ilghazi, had declined to participate in the campaign, al-Bursuqi invaded his territory, but Ilghazi defeated his troops. Because of the failure of his campaign, al-Bursuqi stayed in al-Rahba, and Juyûsh-beg was appointed atabeg of Mosul by the sultan.
Muslim leader
Al-Bursuqi was reappointed as atabeg of Mosul in 1124 due to insubordination of Juyûsh-beg. Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Joscelin I of Edessa and a Bedouin leader, Dubais ibn Sadaqa laid siege to Aleppo in October 1124. The qadi of Aleppo, Ibn al-Khashshab, approached al-Bursuqi, seeking his assistance. In 1125, he reclaimed Aleppo for the Seljuk sultan Mahmud II. Al-Bursuqi invaded the Principality of Antioch and forced the allied enemy forces to abandon the siege in January 1125. He also supported Toghtekin in the battle of Azaz in 1125, but a Crusader force relieved it. Using the spoils he gained his victory at Azaz, Baldwin II was able to ransom his daughter Ioveta and Joscelin II of Edessa, then held at Aleppo by al-Bursuqi, that had been used to secure Baldwin's own release.
On November 26, 1126, al-Bursuqi was assassinated by a team of 10 Nizari Assassins attacking him with knives while he was at the Great Mosque of Mosul. He wounded three of his assassins before his death. The murderers were captured and executed. The attack was presumably ordered by Mahmud II.
His son Mas’ûd ibn Bursuqî replaced him in Mosul, but his reign was short-lived because of the rise of the Zengid dynasty.
References
Sources
Atabegs
Monarchs of Mosul
1126 deaths
Bursuqid dynasty
People of the Nizari–Seljuk wars
Victims of the Order of Assassins |
62461633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Bernard%20Gildenhorn | Joseph Bernard Gildenhorn | Joseph Bernard Gildenhorn (September 17, 1929 - October 21, 2023), was the U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland (1989-1993), a partner in the law firm of Brown, Gildenhorn and Jacobs (Washington, DC), and Founder, Officer and Director of JBG Smith, a since publicly quoted real estate development and management firm.
A native of Washington, D.C., Gildenhorn graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School, the University of Maryland (B.S. degree in Business Administration), and Yale Law School in 1954 and was a member of the Editorial Board of the Yale Law Journal and Order of the Coif.
JBG Smith
JBG Smith began in what has been described as a small law firm that began in 1956 by Gildenhorn and high school friends Donald Brown and Gerald Miller. About ten years later, the principals of Miller, Brown and Gildenhorn decided to become real estate developers in the Washington, D.C., area. The company is publicly traded and known as JBG Smith Properties Inc. In November 2018, Amazon chose one of their sites in Arlington County, Virginia to become a headquarters location.
References
External links
Woodrow Wilson High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
1929 births
American real estate businesspeople
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
Yale Law School alumni
University System of Maryland alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Switzerland
Living people |
47825508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khovrino%20%28Moscow%20Metro%29 | Khovrino (Moscow Metro) | Khovrino (Russian: Ховрино) is a station on the Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow Metro. The station opened on 31 December 2017. It is the northern terminus of the line, and the closest subway station to the Sheremetyevo International Airport.
Name
The working name of the station was originally Ulitsa Dybenko for the street on which the station is situated. In 2013, the city changed the official name to Khovrino, to reflect the name of the municipal district, Khovrino Municipal Okrug.
History
Various plans have existed throughout the history of the line to extend it northward. The boring of 2.2 km (1.4 mi) of tunnels north from the former terminus, Rechnoy Vokzal, was completed in December 2014 by tunnel boring machine. The station was originally planned to open in December 2016, but, despite construction being largely completed in 2016, the opening of Khovrino was postponed a year because of the decision to construct an intermediate station Belomorskaya. In July 2019 Bellingcat researcher Aric Toler reported that the station received an online bomb threat that was posted on Twitter.
Gallery
References
Zamoskvoretskaya Line
Moscow Metro stations
Railway stations in Russia opened in 2017
Railway stations located underground in Russia |
23110492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Thompson%20House | John Thompson House | John Thompson House may refer to:
John Henry Thompson House, Millersburg, Kentucky, listed on the National Register of Historic Places
John Thompson House (Highland, New York), listed on the National Register of Historic Places
John L. Thompson House, The Dalles, Oregon
John Thompson House (Richboro, Pennsylvania)
See also
Thompson House (disambiguation) |
39230909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Kent%20County%2C%20New%20Brunswick | List of people from Kent County, New Brunswick | This is a list of notable people from Kent County, New Brunswick. Although not everyone in this list was born in Kent County, they all live or have lived in Kent County and have had significant connections to the communities.
See also
List of people from New Brunswick
References
Kent |
28205596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucoara | Cucoara | Cucoara is a commune in Cahul District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Chircani and Cucoara.
References
Communes of Cahul District |
7405392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eloise%20at%20the%20Plaza | Eloise at the Plaza | Eloise at the Plaza is a 2003 American made-for-television comedy film based on the Eloise series of children's books drawn and written by Kay Thompson and Hilary Knight. It stars young Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise, an irrepressible six-year-old girl who lives in the penthouse at the top of the Plaza Hotel in New York City.
This film was produced by Handmade Films and DiNovi Pictures for Walt Disney Television with distribution handled by the ABC Television Network, and released on both VHS and DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in 2003.
Plot
Eloise (Sofia Vassilieva) is a fun-loving six-year-old girl with a knack for finding adventure every place she looks. While under the care of her "rawther" wonderful nanny (Julie Andrews), Eloise tries to play matchmaker to a lonely prince and wrangle an invitation to the society event of the season.
Cast
Reception
Alessandra Stanley from The New York Times praised the film fidelity to the book and the actor's performances. Reel Film Reviews gave the film two out of four stars, stating: "Eloise at the Plaza is mildly entertaining, if only because it seems to consist of one caper after another. The film's structure soon becomes perfectly obvious – Eloise gets into a madcap adventure, adults chase her around, Nanny admonishes her, etc – and the fast pace is clearly in place to keep younger viewers interested. But, though there are a number of talented actors in the cast, Eloise just isn't a compelling enough character to sustain an entire movie. There's no doubt that the movie will act as wish fulfillment for kids – who wouldn't want to run amuck and get away with it? – but when you get right down to it, Eloise is awfully thin and one-dimensional (not to mention annoying)." DVDizzy.com wrote: "The film even ascends beyond the second-tier quality that most television movies are satisfied to achieve. Eloise deserves praise not merely as a more bearable Wonderful World of Disney presentation, but as a genuinely entertaining family film, regardless of format."
For his work in Eloise at the Plaza, Bruce Broughton won one Primetime Emmy Award in the category of "Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Dramatic Underscore)".
On Rotten Tomatoes, Eloise at the Plaza currently holds 68% of audience approbation.
References
External links
Official Eloise Website
ABC Press Release of Eloise at the Plaza
2003 television films
2003 films
American children's comedy films
Disney direct-to-video films
Films based on children's books
Films set in the 1950s
Films set in hotels
Films directed by Kevin Lima
Films scored by Bruce Broughton
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
5650100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Yap | James Yap | James Carlos Agravante Yap Sr. (born February 15, 1982) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). Known by his nickname Big Game James, he had played for the Star Hotshots for twelve seasons winning seven PBA championships before being traded on 2016. He is also a 16-time PBA All-Star through 2004 to 2019, all as Starter.
Yap was a successful high school basketball player at the Bacolod Tay Tung High School and the Iloilo Central Commercial High School, where he led his team to three consecutive PRISAA titles. He then went on to play at the collegiate level for the UE Red Warriors and helped the team to the Final Four in 2002 after years of absence. However, the Red Warriors lost to the Blue Eagles, the eventual champions. In the following season of UAAP, Yap led the Red Warriors to the Final Four for the second straight time. Eventually in the semifinals series, the Warriors lost to the Far Eastern University Tamaraws. Nevertheless, Yap was named as the UAAP Most Valuable Player in 2003.
Yap also played in the Philippine Basketball League from 2001 to 2004. He decided to declare his eligibility for the PBA Draft, and was selected the 2nd overall pick in the 2004 PBA draft by the Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants. One of the focal points of the Purefoods offense, he is the 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 seasons' Most Valuable Player. He is also the 2009–2010 Philippine Cup Conference MVP. In 2014, along with Peter June Simon and Marc Pingris, he led his team to a historic grand slam, earning the 2013–2014 Commissioners' Cup and 2013–2014 Governors' Cup Finals MVP Award.
One of the most popular players in the league, Yap is the third all-time leading scorer in Purefoods history, behind Alvin Patrimonio and Jerry Codiñera. Since entering the PBA, Yap has been selected to start every All-Star Game. He has won the All-Star MVP award in 2012. He is also a many-time member of the RP Basketball Team.
Amateur career
Private Schools Athletic Association (PRISAA)
Yap was born in Escalante, Negros Occidental. As a child, Yap already showed athleticism playing football, baseball, and track and field until high school. Growing up, he looked up to one of the most prolific players in the history of Philippine Basketball, Samboy Lim.
Yap emerged to be one of the most promising basketball stars in the Iloilo/Negros region back in the late 1990s. Early on that decade, he played for the Bacolod Tay Tung High School and made his mark. He was transferred to Iloilo Central Commercial High School, displaying his skills. Manila Standard. Along the way, he sparked his team to three consecutive Iloilo PRISAA titles. It was now rumored that the Negros Slashers of the now-defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association was going to sign Yap.
University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP)
Instead, Yap went on to play at the collegiate level where he polished his skills. He played for the UE Red Warriors under former national team coach Boysie Zamar. In 2002, known for his quick-release shooting and all-around presence, he, alongside Paul Artadi and Ronald Tubid, brought the Red Warriors to the Final Four after years of absence. However, second seed University of the East lost to a dramatic semifinal series as they faced the Ateneo Blue Eagles the eventual champions. Nevertheless, Yap established himself as one of the most prolific scorers averaging more than 20 points per game in just his third year in the league.
In the same year, he led UE to the first Bantay Bata Crossover Cup, exacting a sweet revenge against Ateneo in the Finals. A month after, he again led UE to the inaugural Collegiate Champions League crown, beating FEU.
In the 66th season of UAAP, Yap led the Red Warriors to the Final Four for the second straight time as he topped his teammates in points and rebounding, and closed second to Artadi in overall efficiency rating. Eventually in the semifinals series, the Warriors lost to a much more defense-orchestrated team, the Far Eastern University Tamaraws led by tactician coach Koy Banal and star player Arwind Santos. Nevertheless, Yap was named as the Most Valuable Player from coaches, players, and media votes. In the same year, he, along with incourt partner Paul Artadi, was teamed up with other UAAP and PBL counterparts to lead the Philippines in the 2003 Southeast Asian Games to a gold medal finish and was eventually honored by Philippines Sportswriter Association as the best basketball player in the amateurs alongside the best player in the professional level, Asi Taulava.
Philippine Basketball League
Yap played in the Philippine Basketball League from 2001 to 2004. In 2001, he played for the ICTSI-La Salle Archers forming a backcourt tandem with Mike Cortez that almost had their team beating the veteran-laden Shark Energy Drink in the finals. In 2002, along with Mark Cardona and Joseph Yeo, he helped put the Archers in the playoffs against the Blu Detergent Kings. In 2003, he had to sit out the whole conference after ICTSI refused to sign his release papers to make him eligible to play for Sunkist-Pampanga. In 2004, Yap signed up for one conference with the Welcoat Paintmasters, teaming up with the comebacking Jojo Tangkay, leading them to a runner-up finish. He and Tangkay lost to PJ Simon of the Fash team for the MVP plum.
PBA career
Star Hotshots (2004–2016)
Rookie season (2004–05)
Yap entered the 2004 PBA draft, and was selected as the second overall pick by the Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants. The Giants were coming off a disappointing 2003 season, after failing to enter the quarterfinals of the three conferences. They ended the season with a dismal 9–27 win loss card (a franchise low). Their best player, Alvin Patrimonio, announced his retirement in November 2004, after playing his entire career with the team. During his rookie season, Yap mostly came off the bench. Bothered by an ailing shoulder, Yap had a slow start in the 2004–05 season but later on, he improved as he had numerous games where he scored 20 or more points. By the end of the season, he averaged 12.48 points per game (ppg), 4.70 rebounds per game (rpg) and 1.03 assists per game (apg) in 26.9 minutes per game (mpg). However, Purefoods failed to get past the quarterfinal round against the Shell Turbo Chargers. Despite leading all rookies in scoring, Yap eventually lost to Rich Alvarez in the Rookie of the Year award race.
First MVP award (2005–06)
In the 2005–06 season, Yap received more playing time and began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. In the 2005–06 Fiesta Conference, Yap was 4th in the statistical race, behind at the end of the semifinals series, while the Giants finished 4–2 at the series conclusion.
In the classification round of the 2006 Philippine Cup, the Chunkee Giants finished with a 12–4 record. In the first round of the all-Filipino Cup, Yap recorded 34 points against the Sta. Lucia Realtors then had a career-high 37 points to beat the Barangay Ginebra Kings. Near the end of the round, he played an important role in the win against the powerhouse team Talk 'N Text. The victory put the Purefoods team in a first-place finish in the classification phase, earning them an outright semi-finals berth for the second consecutive time. After the accumulation of player statistics at the end of the semis, Yap edged out teammate Kerby Raymundo and Red Bull's Enrico Villanueva for the Philippine Basketball Association Most Valuable Player award by recording averages of 17.60 ppg, 4.35 rpg, 1.18 apg and 1.19 steals per game (spg) in 36.4 mpg. This made him, at 24 years of age, the fifth youngest player, and second sophomore to have won the individual award. He was the statistical leader and garnered more than 7000 combined votes from players, the 4-man committee, and the media, almost 5000 votes ahead of the rest of the candidates. Yap was the first Purefoods player since Alvin Patrimonio to win the MVP award. He was also named to the Mythical First Team alongside teammates Raymundo and Roger Yap, and on-court rivals Enrico Villanueva and Lordy Tugade.
Ups and downs (2006–09)
Yap played in 41 games during the 2006–07 season. He averaged 19.71 ppg, 1.76 apg, 4.22 rpg and 0.63 steals per game while playing an average of 38.39 mpg. On June 1, 2007, Yap scored a career-high 41 points in a 109–97 win over the Welcoat Paints, leading Purefoods to a spot in the wildcard phase of the 2007 PBA Fiesta Conference playoffs. He scored six of the Giants' 11 3-pointers. In the following game against the Coca-Cola Tigers, he scored 40 points as Purefoods lost 100–97, thus being eliminated from the Conference. Despite failing to deliver the win for his team, Yap's efforts equaled former PBA player Nelson Asaytono's record of scoring 40+ points in back-to-back games.
Purefoods had renamed its team to the Tender Juicy Giants for the 2007 PBA Fiesta Conference.
The Giants then had a 7–0 start at the 2007–08 Philippine Cup with Yap having a banner conference. Purefoods eventually clinched the semifinals berth and the No. 1 seed after defeating the Coca-Cola Tigers. In the semifinals, the Giants were up against Red Bull, the winner over the Magnolia Beverage Masters in the quarterfinals series. In game 4, Yap injured his groin in the first quarter after scoring ten points and did not return to the game. Purefoods, now without Yap, ultimately lost the game in overtime, 97–88. After the injury to Yap, Purefoods coach Ryan Gregorio announced prior to Game 5 that the former UE standout would be day-to-day. However, Yap started on Game 5 and helped his team nail a one-point victory, 96–95. After being outscored in the following match, 123–97, Yap led Purefoods to win the series in 7 games, and finally clinch their 12th AFC finals stint (the most by any team in history) against Sta. Lucia Realtors. The Giants lost a controversial 7-game series with Yap serving a suspension in game 5 after the Giants had come back a 0–2 deficit to tie the series at 2–2. They managed to level the series at 3–3 thanks to a classic fourth quarter performance by Yap, who made 5 of 6 three-point attempts and scored 20 points in the fourth quarter. In Game 7 Purefoods struggled in the third quarter with key players in foul trouble, and wasn't able to rally with Sta. Lucia's offence. In the end it was Sta. Lucia who made the crucial shots down the stretch and won the game 100–88.
By the end of the 2007–2008 season, Yap averaged 21.32 ppg, 1.58 apg, 4.06 rpg, 0.76 spg and 0.24 blocks per game (bpg) in 37 minutes playing time.
The 2008–2009 season saw the team playing only 37 games, their lowest in the James Yap-era while failing to advance to the semifinal round of the two conferences played for the season, the Philippine Cup and the Fiesta Conference. In the Philippine Cup, the team posted an 8–10 card to enter the wild-card phase where they were bundled out by the Air21 team 94–82 in the first pair of knockout games. On the other hand, in the Fiesta Conference, the team posted a 7–7 card where it reached the quarterfinals only to be booted out by the Rain or Shine team, 2–1. Notwithstanding, Yap again posted good numbers by averaging 18.08 ppg, 1.61 apg, 4.33 rpg in 35 minutes playing time.
During the 2009 PBA All-Star Weekend at the Araneta Coliseum, Yap scored 21 points to defeat San Miguel Beermen guard Dondon Hontiveros and Burger King Whoppers guard Gary David in the Three-Point Shootout contest.
Second MVP award (2009–10)
The 2009–10 Philippine Cup started on October 11, 2009. Purefoods finished third in the elimination round with a 12–6 record, outlasted the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters in the quarterfinals in five games, and defeated the No. 2 seed and sister team San Miguel Beermen in six games after trailing the series 1–2. In the Finals, Purefoods swept Alaska, 4–0, to be crowned 2009–2010 PBA Philippine Cup champions. During their series against the Aces in the finals, Yap scored 24, 32, 14, and 18 points respectively. For leading his team to this incredible feat, Yap was named Best Player of the Conference (BPC), as well as Finals MVP. He also won his second MVP award, for the 2009–2010 PBA season with averages of 17.98 ppg, 3.50 rpg, 2.02 apg and 0.64 spg while playing almost 34 minutes per ball game. Yap was lauded for winning the award despite numerous distractions he had to deal with off the court. During his acceptance speech, Yap tearfully dedicated his latest trophy to his son Baby James.
During the 2009–10 season, Yap was selected to his 7th All-Star Game appearance. In March 2011, via fan voting, he was voted to his 7th consecutive PBA All-Star Game; Yap collected the most votes with 28, 444 to become the starting guard for the South team.
Starting the 2010 Fiesta Conference, the team changed its name from Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants to B-Meg Derby Ace Llamados. The end of the season, however, marked the departure of coach Ryan Gregorio, who left the Llamados after seven years and signed a deal with PBA returnee Meralco Bolts. Gregorio was succeeded by his assistant and multi-titled Philippine Basketball League coach Jorge Gallent.
Defeats and return to glory (2010–2013)
With Yap's contract expiring in September 2010, B-Meg offered him a three-year deal with an option for the player to extend it for another two years once the second season of the new deal ended. A few weeks before the beginning of the 2010–11 season, it was announced that Yap would be re-signing with B-Meg. The Llamados entered the 2010–11 PBA Philippine Cup as defending champions. In the first round of the tournament, the former University of the East standout averaged 15.1 points per game, while the team ended the Classification Phase with a record of 7–7. The two-time MVP and Peter June Simon led the team to the quarter-finals, in which B-Meg scored back-to-back wins against the Meralco Bolts. For the series, Yap averaged 22.0 points, as the Llamados defeated Meralco in two games. Following this series, the Llamados found themselves on a collision course with the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters in the semifinals. In a losing effort in Game 1 (B-Meg lost 91–98), Yap recorded a personal conference-high of 36 points. Yap suffered breathing difficulties and struggled with his shooting in Game 2, scoring 13 points in 31 minutes, but still played a main role and came up with a game-winning steal in the final seconds of the last quarter that gave B-Meg an 88–87 victory. The Tropang Texters won Game 3, but the defending champions tied the series 2–2 in Game 4 with a 98–93 win, despite a late rally by TNT in the fourth quarter. Talk N' Text would eventually defeat the Llamados in Game 5 (97–83) and Game 6 (89–72), thus eliminating the defending champions from the tournament. Yap averaged 18.75 ppg, 1.77 apg, 4.30 rpg and 0.60 spg in 36 minutes playing time.
The 2011 PBA Commissioner's Cup, the second conference of the season, began on February 18, 2011. After compiling a 0–2 record in the first two games of the elimination round, the Llamados broke their losing streak with a 121–92 win against the Air21 Express. In the following game against the Barangay Ginebra Kings on March 6, Yap recorded 25 points and grabbed 10 rebounds as B-Meg won 89–96; it was Yap's first double-double since the 2006 Philippine Cup. The two-time MVP was also named Player of the Week from February 28 to March 6. On March 13, 2011, Yap injured his calf in a 91–97 loss against the Alaska Aces. He missed the following four games of the elimination round against Meralco, Smart Gilas, San Miguel and Talk N' Text. The Llamados were eventually eliminated in the first round of the Commissioner's Cup with a 4–5 record. The team's quest for a championship in the 2010–11 season was ended when they were eliminated in the semifinals of the 2011 PBA Governors Cup. Nonetheless, at the end of the season, Yap was selected to the PBA Mythical Second Team.
In the offseason, two weeks after resigning as head coach of the Alaska Aces, Tim Cone was appointed as the new head coach of the Llamados, replacing Jorge Gallent. With a new offensive scheme being enforced by Cone, the triangle offense, the Llamados started the 2011–12 season with a 2–4 record in their first 6 matches of the 2011–12 PBA Philippine Cup. On October 29, 2011, in a closely fought game against Barako Bull, Yap hit a critical 3-pointer to tie the game 79–79 with 1.8 seconds left in the fourth period which sent the match into overtime. However, the Energy ultimately defeated B-Meg 87–84. After B-Meg struggled to win back-to-back games, Yap led the Llamados to an 8-game winning streak in the elimination round of the conference, thus earning them a top stop in the team standings and a twice-to-beat advantage. He was also named the PBA Player of the Week twice. In the quarterfinals B-Meg faced the 8th seeded Powerade Tigers. In an upset, they were eliminated by the Tigers in two games, as they lost 88–97 and 131–123 respectively. It was only the third time in PBA history that the lowest seed eliminated the top seed in the quarterfinals.
Following the upset in the All-Filipino Cup, B-Meg started the 2012 Commissioner's Cup strong with a 6–3 record and a second place-finish in the first round following a 96–94 win against the Powerade Tigers. Expected to lead his team, Yap struggled with his shooting and his performance declined as he averaged 12.9 points and 3.6 rebounds. He was subsequently diagnosed with a sprained ankle but still played an important role for his team. After losing 84–93 in a seeding playoff against Ginebra (the Kings also finished the elimination round with a 6–3 record) for the 2nd spot, in which Yap scored 18 points but was held scoreless in the last quarter, the Llamados found themselves pitted in the quarter-finals against the Meralco Bolts. In April, Yap was named as the starting guard for the Veterans teams for the 2012 All Star Game. In a hardly fought series B-Meg was able to resurge after losing Game 1 and eliminated the Bolts in 3 games, to enter the semifinals against Ginebra. On April 13, 2012, in the first quarter of Game 2, Yap hit his 700th career three-point field goal. The Llamados won the series 3–1, to earn a Finals slot against Talk N' Text. On May 6, 2012, the Llamados won the 2012 PBA Commissioner's Cup championship 4–3, and Yap was named Finals MVP.
Yap was a starter for the Veterans squad in the 2012 PBA All-Star Game, where he shared with Dylan Ababou the distinction of holding the highest-scoring individual performance in the history of the game after dropping 44 points. Yap was also adjudged as All-Star Game MVP.
The B-Meg Llamados booked a ticket to the 2012 PBA Governors' Cup Finals against the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters, after beating Ginebra 74–72, via a Peter June Simon game-winner. B-Meg dropped their first game 91–80, but the resilient Llamados bounced back and defeated Rain or Shine 85–80 in Game 2, where James Yap was named Best Player of the Game after a 24-point, 9-rebound performance. But B-Meg suffered two straight losses, 93–84 and 94–89 respectively, as Rain or Shine led the series 3–1. But in Game 5, James Yap retaliated with a conference-high 30 points to lead B-meg to a 91–81 victory. Yap dedicated his performance to his former mother-in-law, the late former President Corazon Aquino. Yap then chipped in 20 points in the crucial Game 6, as B-meg won in convincing fashion, 97–81, to tie the series at 3–3. With Game 7 at hand, B-Meg aimed to become just the fourth team in PBA history to come back from a 1–3 deficit in the finals - a feat they had previously accomplished in 2006. They also looked to grab their first back-to-back championships in franchise history. However, the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters fought hard in Game 7 and defeated B-Meg, 83–76 despite Yap's 23-point performance. B-Meg missed crucial shots during crunch time, and import Marqus Blakely fouled out of the game early in the fourth period. At season's end, Yap was selected to the PBA Mythical First Team.
For the 2012–13 season, the Llamados renamed their team as the San Mig Coffee Mixers. The team finished second in the elimination round of the 2012–13 Philippine Cup with a 10–4 win–loss card. The Mixers then faced the Petron Blaze Boosters in the quarterfinals with a twice-to-beat advantage, managing to win 92–87 as the game went into overtime. The victory earned San Mig a place in the semifinals against Rain or Shine. On December 21, Yap led his team to a 106–82 victory in Game 2 over the Elasto Painters as he scored 34 points including 7 triples in 47 minutes of play, to help equalize the series 1–1. In the following matches, however, Yap struggled with his shooting and failed to bring the Mixers to the finals as San Mig lost the series 2–4. After starting the 2013 Commissioner's Cup 0–3, the Mixers acquired returning import Denzel Bowles, in a move to improve the team's results. On March 20, Yap scored his 800th career three-pointer in an 82–87 loss against the Air21 Express. With the help of Yap and Bowles' performances, San Mig ended the classification phase with a record of 8–6, fourth overall in the standings, which gave them an outright quarterfinal slot. The Mixers lost their first game 85–88, with Yap facing back problems as he scored 8 points in 25 minutes. After being held to 7 points in Game 2, Yap bounced back in Game 3 as he scored 20 points in a 90–82 victory to help his team win the series 2–1, sending themselves to the semifinals against the Alaska Aces. However, San Mig failed to reach the Finals as the team was ousted by the Aces in three games. The Mixers ended second in the elimination round of the 2013 PBA Governors' Cup, behind the Petron Blaze Boosters. With a twice to beat advantage, San Mig eliminated the Alaska Aces in two games in the quarterfinals; the team then ousted the Meralco Bolts in the semifinals and faced the Boosters in the Finals. The Mixers went on to win the series in seven games, giving Yap his 4th title with the team.
The Grand Slam (2013–2014)
The San Mig Coffee Mixers had a slow start in the 2013-14 season; they went 3–7 in the first 10 games of the 2013–14 Philippine Cup and fell 9th in the team standings. However, the team managed to score 4 consecutive wins to end the first round in 5th position. San Mig edged out Talk N' Text 2–1 in the quarterfinals, advancing to the best-of-7 semifinals against Barangay Ginebra San Miguel. After missing a game tying three-pointer in the last few seconds of Game 4, Yap gave the Mixers a 3–2 lead, making a game-winning triple in a 79–76 win. In the crucial Game 7, Yap made dominant clutch plays to lead the team to a 110–87 victory and helping San Mig advance to the Finals against Rain or Shine; he scored seven three-pointers and finished the game with 30 points. In the Finals, Yap led the San Mig Coffee Mixers to the championship over Rain or Shine, 4–2, after winning Game 6, 93–87. Yap averaged a team-high 13.83 ppg and added averages of 4.33 rpg, 0.50 apg, 0.83 spg and 0.67 bpg.
In the 2014 Commissioner's Cup, Yap and the San Mig Super Coffee team started like a house on fire by winning their first 3 games. However, the team only managed to win another game in their last 6 elimination games as they finished with a 4–5 record, good for 6th place. Due to the team's poor record, they were drawn to face the Alaska Aces in the best-of-three quarterfinal series. After losing the first game to the Aces, the team rebounded to win games 2 and 3 to enter the semifinals against upstart Air 21 Express in a best-of-five affair. In the semifinal series, the Mixers again lost Game 1 to the Express, 103–100 behind the splendid play of forward Sean Anthony. However, in a virtual repeat of their semifinal series against Barangay Ginebra in the Philippine Cup, the Mixers totally dominated the Express in the deciding Game 5 of their series, 99–83, to enter the finals against the undefeated Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters. San Mig Super Coffee drew first blood in the finals with a 15-point victory in Game 1 of the finals, 95–80, in the process snapping the 13–0 romp of the TNT team. After the Tropang Texters evened the series 1–1 with an 86–76 victory in Game 2, San Mig regained the upper hand in the series with a nail-biting 77–75 win in Game 3 from a clutch corner shot by Yap over the outstretched arms of Texters defender, Kelly Williams. The team finished off the Tropang Texters in Game 4 with a 100–91 fightback to win their 3rd straight championship thus joining a select group of PBA teams to win the golden treble. Yap was named the PBA Commissioner's Cup Press Corps Finals MVP.
In April 2014, Yap was voted by fans to start in his 11th All-Star game. He led the PBA All-Stars with 14 points but the team ultimately succumbed to a 93–101 defeat against Gilas Pilipinas.
With the objective of winning a rare Grand Slam, the San Mig Coffee Mixers entered the 2014 Governors' Cup as defending champions, having won the previous year. They ended the elimination round in 4th place with a 5–4 record and clinched a twice to beat advantage in the quarterfinals, where they defeated the returning San Miguel Beermen 97–90. In the semifinals they battled Talk and Text in a best-of-5 series. On June 25, 2014, the two-time MVP scored his 900th career three-point field goal in Game 4 of the semifinals against the Tropang Texters. San Mig prevailed over Talk and Text 3–2, to set up a rematch against Rain or Shine in the 2014 Governors' Cup Finals. It was also their fourth straight Finals appearance. The Mixers earned a historic grand slam by defeating the Elasto Painters in five games. Despite playing limited minutes and averaging career lows in most statistical categories for much of the season, in the Finals, Yap further proved his reputation as a "clutch player" and helped his team win with many crucial shots in multiple games. This championship completed a rare four-peat for the Mixers, as they also won the 2013 PBA Governor's Cup. With such achievement, the Yap-Pingris-Simon trio broke the record for most championships in franchise history with 7, surpassing Alvin Patrimonio's previous record of 6. With the championship in the 2013–14 Governor's Cup, San Mig Coffee recorded the first back-to-back Governor's Cup crowns in 14 years, the first four-peat in 17 years and of course the elusive and rare Grand Slam in 18 years. Yap also received the 2014 Governor's Cup Finals MVP Award with an average of 16.8 ppg (the team-high), his second consecutive Finals MVP award. He ended the season with average of 12.0 points, 37.1 percent shooting, 4.2 rebounds and 1.3 assists.
Chasing the title (2014–2016)
Starting the 2014–15 season, the San Mig Coffee Mixers was renamed as the Purefoods Star Hotshots. The 2014–15 Philippine Cup, first conference of the season, started in October 2014. On November 23, 2014, Yap became the PBA's 20th all-time scoring leader, surpassing Jeffrey Cariaso (8,935) in a 77–74 win against the Meralco Bolts. In December, Yap was honored as one of the 40 greatest players in PBA history. The Purefoods Star Hotshots struggled in the first games of the Philippine Cup but eventually clinched the quarterfinals with a twice-to-win disadvantage, as they were relegated to seventh place after the elimination round; the team's quest to defend the title ended on December 11, 2014, when they were eliminated by the Meralco Bolts in the first game of the quarterfinals, 77–65. It was the first in 5 times the Hotshots lost a playoff's series to the Bolts.
Purefoods started the 2015 PBA Commissioner's Cup well, going undefeated in their first 4 games. Due to his performances, Yap was elected Player of the Week from February 23 to March 1. The Hotshots took their spot in the quarterfinals by defeating their last opponents Barako Bull Energy and Meralco Bolts, but fell in ranking due to a quotient system and were not given a twice to beat advantage. They faced the Alaska Aces in a best-of-3 series in the quarterfinals, and bagged the semifinals slot by winning two consecutive games. The team faced Talk 'N Text in the semifinals. The Hotshots were able to win Game 1, 94–100, but lost the series as Talk 'N Text won the following 3 matches.
The 2015 PBA Governors' Cup began in May 2015. The franchise was renamed, this time as the Star Hotshots. On May 30, 2015, Yap scored a season-high 23 points against the Kia Sorento, leading his team to an 80–89 win. With a quest to defend their last title, the Hotshots ended the elimination round with a 6–5 record and reached the quarterfinals, where they faced the GlobalPort Batang Pier. The latter was able to clinch a twice to beat in the quarterfinals.
Yap finished the 2014–15 season averaging 11.8 points in 27.9 minutes per game, the lowest since his debut back in 2004.
Rain or Shine Elasto Painters (2016–present)
On October 13, 2016, James Yap was sent to Rain or Shine Elasto Painters on a blockbuster trade in exchange for star point guard Paul Lee that led to a shocking reaction from the basketball fans. The deal was sealed in a meeting between Rain or Shine governor Mert Mondragon and Star officials led by team manager Alvin Patrimonio after Paul Lee and the Elasto Painters failed to lock down a three-year contract extension deal according to a source from Spin.ph.
In his very first game with the Elasto Painters on November 30, 2016, Yap made two 3-point shots to become the 6th player with at least 1,000 3-point conversions joining Jimmy Alapag (1,250), Allan Caidic (1,242), Ronnie Magsanoc (1,171), Dondon Hontiveros (1,119) and Al Solis (1,000). However, with his second conversion for the game, he moved to solo 5th in the all-time list with 1,001. As of March 5, 2017, Hontiveros had made 1,133 3-point shots while Yap had 1,020.
On May 25, 2018, during the Luzon leg of the 2018 PBA All-Star Week held at Batangas City, Yap won his second 3-point Shootout trophy after scoring 24 points in the final round outlasting up-and-coming players Stanley Pringle of Globalport and TNT's Terrence Romeo who scored 21 and 16 points respectively. His first 3-point crown was in 2009.
In the recently concluded 2018 PBA Commissioners' Cup, Yap towed the team to its first-ever semifinal appearance under coach Caloy Garcia where he had a career resurgence winning two Best Player of the Game citations, the first during their quarterfinal series-clinching victory over Globalport where he scored 27 points marked by 7 three-pointers made and the second during Game 2 of their semifinal series with eventual champions Barangay Ginebra San Miguel where he scored 18 points with 3 rebounds.
In March 2019, Yap was voted to his 16th All-Star Game, all as a starter, for the South Team where he will be reunited with former Purefoods Hotdogs teammates PJ Simon and Marc Pingris after his trade to the Rain or Shine team opposite Lee in 2016. His inclusion in the 2019 All-Star Game was continued proof that Yap is still the PBA's biggest star despite his long years in the league.
In the on-going 2019 PBA Philippine Cup, Yap's resurgence is in full display through the team's first eight games as he leads Rain or Shine in scoring with a 14.75 ppg average adding 2.88 rpg, 1.63 apg and 0.75 spg. Additionally, Yap won Player of the Week (POW) honors for the period February 5–13, 2019 by leading ROS to a 3–0 record on the way to a league-leading 7-1 overall record. Aside from this POW citation, Yap had already earned Player of the Game honors four times: (a) in their opening game against NLEX on January 18, 2019, where he topscored with 20 points including 4–7 in 3-point area and 3 assists; (b) versus San Miguel Beer on February 1, 2019, where he scored a team-high 21 points (3-5 from 3-point area), with 4 rebounds, 1 assist and 1 steal; (c) in ROS come-from-behind win against Northport on February 8, 2019, where he scored 19 points including 6-9 from three-point area with 3 rebounds, 5 assists and 2 steals; (d) and the last versus Magnolia last February 13, 2019 where he scored 18 points, 11 of which scored in the 4th quarter, with 5 rebounds to boot.
In the current 2020 PBA Philippine Cup being held in a bubble at the Angeles University Foundation (AUF) Sports Arena and Cultural Center in Pampanga, Yap moved into a tie for third place in the All-time List for Most 3-point shots converted with 1,171 after going 4/7 in Rain or Shine's game against the TNT Tropang Giga on November 10, 2020. He won Player of the Game honors in this game, an 80–74 victory, that completed the quarterfinal cast of the Philippine Cup PBA Bubble. In their last game in the eliminations against the Phoenix Fuel Masters held on November 11, 2020, Yap drilled a 3-pointer at the 10:58 mark of the third quarter as he officially broke his tie with former PBA great Magsanoc for sole third place in the all-time list as he now has 1,172 3-PT conversions.
On January 23, 2022, Yap signed a contract extension with the team until the end of the 2021 season, but did not play a game as he was officially on a leave of absence due to him pursuing politics.
On January 6, 2023, he officially rejoined Rain or Shine as he signed a one-conference contract. On January 22, he scored 14 points on his first game back since 2021 in a loss to the Meralco Bolts. He was named an All-Star for a record-tying 17th time during the 2023 PBA All-Star Weekend.
On September 26, 2023, he signed another one-conference contract with the team.
PBA career statistics
As of the end of 2022–23 season
Season-by-season averages
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods
| 63 || 27.0 || .389 || .277 || .782 || 4.7 || 1.0 || .5 || .3 || 12.5
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods
| 57 || 36.4 || .400 || .343 || .780 || 4.4 || 1.2 || 1.2 || .4 || 17.6
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods
| 41 || 38.4 || .405 || .340 || .781 || 4.2 || 1.8 || .6 || .4 || 19.7
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods
| 50 || 37.0 || .396 || .359 || .802 || 4.1 || 1.6 || .8 || .2 || 21.3
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods
| 36 || 35.0 || .400 || .308 || .720 || 4.3 || 1.6 || .8 || .3 || 18.1
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods / B-Meg Derby Ace
| 64 || 33.9 || .396 || .302 || .701 || 3.5 || 2.0 || .6 || .2 || 18.0
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | B-Meg Derby Ace
| 40 || 36.1 || .382 || .292 || .716 || 4.3 || 1.8 || .6 || .4 || 18.8
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | B-Meg
| 62 || 35.2 || .381 || .296 || .683 || 4.7 || 2.2 || .5 || .3 || 16.7
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | San Mig Coffee
| 62 || 30.8 || .358 || .294 || .644 || 4.5 || 1.6 || .6 || .1 || 13.3
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | San Mig Super Coffee
| 67 || 28.5 || .371 || .308 || .655 || 4.2 || 1.3 || .4 || .2 || 12.0
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Purefoods / Star
| 41 || 27.5 || .411 || .329 || .626 || 2.8 || 1.1 || .2 || .1 || 11.8
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Star
| 29 || 26.8 || .363 || .299 || .720 || 2.9 || 1.3 || .2 || .1 || 11.6
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 35 || 20.7 || .367 || .314 || .703 || 2.9 || 1.0 || .4 || .1 || 9.8
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 36 || 20.6 || .390 || .363 || .735 || 2.7 || 1.0 || .4 || .2 || 10.3
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 33 || 22.3 || .368 || .314 || .729 || 3.2 || 1.5 || .5 || .1 || 11.4
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 11 || 18.3 || .319 || .214 || .571 || 2.2 || .9 || .4 || .1 || 7.2
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 7 || 16.7 || .431 || .261 || .357 || 2.0 || .1 || .1 || .0 || 7.9
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 10 || 10.0 || .396 || .286 || .667 || 1.7 || .1 || .0 || .1 || 5.2
|-class=sortbottom
| align=center colspan=2 | Career
| 744 || 30.4 || .386 || .314 || .718 || 3.9 || 1.4 || .6 || .2 || 14.8
National team career
Yap is a many-time member of the RP Basketball Team. Yap was a member of the Philippine National Team that played at the 2003 Southeast Asian Games where they won the basketball gold. He was also a member of the national team that participated at the 2009 FIBA Asia Championship where he played 8 of the 9 games posting averages of 9.3 ppg (74 total points), 2.6 rpg (21 total rebounds) and 0.9 assists (7 total assists). The team ended up in 8th place. In the 2009 Southeast Asia Basketball Association (SEABA) Championships, Yap was a member of the Powerade-Team Pilipinas that won the said tournament, beating Indonesia in the Finals, 98–68.
Yap declined the invitation to join the Smart Gilas 2.0 National Team Program including other SMC players like Arwind Santos, Marc Pingris and Alex Cabagnot because of personal reasons.
In 2018, Yap was chosen by coach Yeng Guiao to be part of the Philippine National Team that would play in the 2018 Asian Games to be held at Indonesia alongside five other teammates from his Rain or Shine team in the PBA.
Player profile
Standing at , Yap plays the shooting guard position, but is also capable of playing small forward. Yap is a player who constantly attacks the basket and is known for his ability to convert difficult layups. He is known for his ability to create shots for himself and is a competent three-point shooter.
In the early part of his career, Yap was considered just a scorer and was rarely seen playing defense. In recent years, aside from his abilities on offense, he has established himself as a standout defender and greatly improved his defense and rebounding. Known by the nickname "Big Game James", Yap has also been noted being one of the premier clutch performers in the PBA, after making many crucial shots during clutch time. His killer crossovers and explosiveness to the basket has earned him the nickname "Man with a Million Moves". Coach Tim Cone has listed Yap as one of the best players he has ever handled, explaining: "I got lot of favorites, but yeah, James of course is one of my favorites. James comes through more than anybody else (when the game demands it). That’s what makes him special, the ability not to get too high or too low. He plays at level of calmness I've never seen in a player before."
Media personality
Journalists and others gave Yap several nicknames including "King James", "Big Game James", "The Man with a Million Moves", "Big Game", and "Boy Thunder".
Political career
In the 2022 elections, Yap ran for the city council (Sangguniang Panlungsod) of San Juan, Metro Manila. Along with his former Purefoods teammates Paul Artadi and Don Allado, they ran under the ticket of incumbent reelectionist mayor Francis Zamora. Running under PDP–Laban (national party) and Team Makabagong San Juan (local party), Yap garnered 21,427 votes, ranking fourth in the 1st district's six seats. Yap, Artadi, Allado, Zamora, and Ervic Vijandre, all basketball players, were all elected and were dubbed the San Juan "first five," a reference to the starting lineup in basketball.
Personal life
Yap is the son of Carlos Yap and Annie Yap ().
Yap's first marriage was with actress Kris Aquino. In 2006, both have admitted to having been married as early as mid-2005; the actual date of their marriage was July 10 under civil rites kept unknown to the public.
On April 19, 2007, Yap's first son, Bimby Yap, was born at the Makati Medical Center in Makati.
On June 26, 2010, Kris Aquino announced that she had separated from Yap, citing personal reasons.
Yap had a second child with a previous girlfriend.
Yap is currently in a relationship with Italian Michela Cazzola, with whom he has a son (his third), born on August 8, 2016, in Manila. They had met in late 2011 but did not start dating until August 2012, when they went to Italy together. Yap and Cazzola are practising Catholics and they have baptized their son in the Catholic faith.
Individual honors
2× UAAP Mythical First Team (2002, 2003)
2003 UAAP Most Valuable Player
2003 PSA Player of the Year (amateur basketball)
2005 PBA All Rookie Team
2005 PBA Sportsmanship Award
2008 PBAPC POW Order of Merit Award
2010 People Asia Magazine Men Who Matter
2010 PBA Philippine Cup Best Player of the Conference (BPC)
2011 PBA Mythical Second Team
2012 PBA All Star Game MVP
Most Points Scored by an Individual in All-Star Game History (44 Points in 2012)
Pep Newsmaker of the Year (2014)
2× PBL Mythical First Team (2003, 2004)
2× PBA Most Valuable Player (2006, 2010)
3× PBA Mythical First Team (2006, 2010, 2012)
4× PBA Finals MVP (2009-10 Philippine Cup, 2012 Commissioners Cup, 2014 Commissioners Cup, 2014 Governors Cup)
2× PBA Three-point shootout Champion (2009, 2018)
2× PSA Player of the Year (pro basketball) (2006, 2010)
16× PBA All-Star (2004-2019)
Rank 3rd PBA All-time Most 3-Pointers Made Leaders (as of November 2020)
Rank 14th PBA All-time Most Points Scored Leaders (as of March 2017)
Team achievements
2002–2003 Collegiate Champions League, Champions
2003 Southeast Asian Games, Gold Medalists
2005–2006 PBA Philippine Cup, Champions
2007 William Jones Cup, Bronze Medalists
2009 Powerade-Team Pilipinas, 8th Southeast Asian Basketball Association Men's Champions
2009–2010 PBA Philippine Cup, Champions
2012 PBA Commissioner's Cup, Champions
2013 PBA Governors' Cup, Champions
2014 PBA Philippine Cup, Champions
2014 PBA Commissioner's Cup, Champions
2014 PBA Governors' Cup, Champions
References
External links
PBA.ph Profile
1982 births
Living people
Asian Games competitors for the Philippines
Basketball players at the 2018 Asian Games
Basketball players from Negros Occidental
Competitors at the 2003 SEA Games
Filipino men's basketball players
Filipino Roman Catholics
Filipino sportspeople of Chinese descent
Filipino sportsperson-politicians
Magnolia Hotshots draft picks
Magnolia Hotshots players
People from Iloilo
Philippine Basketball Association All-Stars
Philippines men's national basketball team players
Rain or Shine Elasto Painters players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
SEA Games gold medalists for the Philippines
SEA Games medalists in basketball
UE Red Warriors basketball players
Visayan people |
49744918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Tilyard | Gregory Tilyard | Gregory Tilyard (born 19 March 1932) is an Australian former cricketer. He played one first-class match for Tasmania in 1960/61.
See also
List of Tasmanian representative cricketers
References
External links
1932 births
Living people
Australian cricketers
Tasmania cricketers
Cricketers from Hobart |
63391905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry%20Pankov%20%28swimmer%29 | Dmitry Pankov (swimmer) | Dmitry Pankov (born 23 June 1968) is a Uzbekistani butterfly and freestyle swimmer. He competed in two events at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Uzbekistani male butterfly swimmers
Uzbekistani male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Uzbekistan
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
20th-century Uzbekistani people |
14534514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischnophylla | Ischnophylla | Ischnophylla is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae. It contains the species Ischnophylla similicolor, which is found in South Africa.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
Apatetrinae
Gelechiidae genera
Taxa named by Anthonie Johannes Theodorus Janse |
63077009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlia%20caesius | Carlia caesius | Carlia caesius is a species of skink in the genus Carlia. It is endemic to Irian Jaya in Indonesia.
References
Carlia
Reptiles described in 2006
Reptiles of Indonesia
Endemic fauna of Indonesia
Taxa named by George Robert Zug
Taxa named by Allen Allison |
51256495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garven | Garven | Garven is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Pierre P. Garven, New Jersey Supreme Court judge
Kate Garven, Australian actress
Pierre P. Garven (mayor), New Jersey mayor
James Garven, American finance professor and author
See also
Jock Garven Blackwood
Joseph L. Garvens, Wisconsin politician |
41788255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314%20Lebanese%20FA%20Cup | 2013–14 Lebanese FA Cup | The 2013-14 edition of the Lebanese FA Cup is the 42nd edition to be played. It is the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Lebanon.
The winners qualify for the 2015 AFC Cup.
The qualifying rounds take place in late 2013 with the Premier League clubs joining at the Round of 16 in early 2014.
Round of 16
Quarter finals
Semi finals
Final
External links
http://www.futbol24.com/national/Lebanon/Lebanese-Cup/2013-2014/ name=Futbol24.com
soccerway.com
Lebanese FA Cup seasons
Cup
Leb |
18961973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhijit%20Banerjee | Abhijit Banerjee | Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee (; born 21 February 1961) is an Indian-born naturalized American economist who is currently the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Banerjee shared the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty". He and Esther Duflo, who are married, are the sixth married couple to jointly win a Nobel Prize.
Early life and education
Abhijit Banerjee was born to a Bengali family in Mumbai. His father, Dipak Banerjee, was a professor of economics at Presidency College, Calcutta, and his mother Nirmala Banerjee (née Patankar), a professor of economics at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta. His father, Dipak Banerjee, earned a PhD in economics from the London School of Economics.
He received his school education in South Point High School in Calcutta. After his schooling, he took admission at Presidency College, then an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta and now an autonomous university, where he completed his BSc(H) degree in economics in 1981. Later, he completed his M.A. in economics at the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Delhi in 1983. While studying in JNU, he was arrested and imprisoned in Tihar Jail during a protest after students gheraoed the then Vice Chancellor PN Srivastava of the university. He was released on bail and charges were subsequently dropped against the students. Later, he went on to obtain a PhD from Harvard University in 1988. The subject of his doctoral thesis was "Essays in Information Economics."
Academic career
Banerjee is currently the Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; he has taught at Harvard University and Princeton University. He has also been a Guggenheim Fellow and an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.
His work focuses on development economics. Together with Esther Duflo he has discussed field experiments as an important methodology to discover causal relationships in economics.
He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2004. In 2009, he received the Infosys Prize in the social sciences (economics) category. He served on the Social Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize in 2018.
In 2012, he shared the Gerald Loeb Award Honorable Mention for Business Book with co-author Esther Duflo for their book Poor Economics.
In 2013, he was named by the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon to a panel of experts tasked with updating the Millennium Development Goals after 2015 (their expiration date).
In 2014, he received the Bernhard-Harms-Prize from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
In 2019, he delivered Export-Import Bank of India's 34th Commencement Day Annual Lecture on Redesigning Social Policy.
In 2019, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics, together with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".
Research and work in India
Banerjee and his co-workers try to measure the effectiveness of actions (such as government programmes) in improving people's lives. For this, they use randomized controlled trials, similar to clinical trials in medical research. For example, although polio vaccination is freely available in India, many mothers were not bringing their children for the vaccination drives. Banerjee and Prof. Esther Duflo, also from MIT, tried an experiment in Rajasthan, where they gave a bag of pulses to mothers who vaccinated their children. Soon, the immunization rate went up in the region. In another experiment, they found that learning outcomes improved in schools that were provided with teaching assistants to help students with special needs.
Banerjee is a co-founder of Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (along with economists Esther Duflo and Sendhil Mullainathan). In India he serves on the academic advisory board of Plaksha University, a science and technology university established in 2010.
Personal life
Abhijit Banerjee was married to Dr. Arundhati Tuli Banerjee, a lecturer of literature at MIT. Abhijit and Arundhati had one son together and later divorced. Their son, born in 1991, died in an accident in 2016.
In 2015, Banerjee married his co-researcher, MIT professor Esther Duflo; they have two children. Banerjee was a joint supervisor of Duflo's PhD in economics at MIT in 1999. Duflo is also a professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at MIT.
Publications
Books
Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak ( 2019 ). A Short History of Poverty Measurements. Juggernaut Books.
Awards
Abhijit Banerjee was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2019 along with his two co-researchers Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".
The press release from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences noted: "Their experimental research methods now entirely dominate development economics."
The Nobel committee commented:
"Banerjee, Duflo and their co-authors concluded that students appeared to learn nothing from additional days at school. Neither did spending on textbooks seem to boost learning, even though the schools in Kenya lacked many essential inputs. Moreover, in the Indian context Banerjee and Duflo intended to study, many children appeared to learn little: in results from field tests in the city of Vadodara fewer than one in five third-grade students could correctly answer first-grade curriculum math test questions.
"In response to such findings, Banerjee, Duflo and co-authors argued that efforts to get more children into school must be complemented by reforms to improve school quality."
The Nobel Prize was a major recognition for their chosen field - Development Economics, and for the use of Randomised Controlled Trials. It evoked mixed emotions in India, where his success was celebrated with nationalistic fervour while approach and pro-poor focus were seen as a negation of India's current government's ideology as well as broader development discourse.
He was awarded the Doctor of Letters (Honoris Causa) by the University of Calcutta in January 2020.
Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in September 2022.
See also
Amartya Sen, economist and the first Indian to receive a Nobel prize in the field
References
External links
Abhijit Banerjee's Home Page at MIT including his CV with comprehensive lists of awards and publications
Poverty Action Lab
Publications at the National Bureau of Economic Research
including the Prize Lecture 8 December 2019 Field experiments and the practice of economics
1961 births
Living people
American people of Bengali descent
American people of Marathi descent
20th-century Bengalis
21st-century Bengalis
Marathi people
People from Mumbai
People from Maharashtra
Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences faculty
20th-century Indian economists
21st-century Indian economists
21st-century American economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People who lost Indian citizenship
Indian emigrants to the United States
American economists
21st-century American writers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Indian microfinance people
Indian male writers
Writers from Kolkata
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
Indian Nobel laureates
Indian political writers
American academics of Indian descent
American Nobel laureates
Nobel laureates in Economics
Indian economists |
56006021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems%20with%20economic%20models | Problems with economic models | Most economic models rest on a number of assumptions that are not entirely realistic. For example, agents are often assumed to have perfect information, and markets are often assumed to clear without friction. Or, the model may omit issues that are important to the question being considered, such as externalities. Any analysis of the results of an economic model must therefore consider the extent to which these results may be compromised by inaccuracies in these assumptions, and there is a growing literature debunking economics and economic models.
Restrictive, unrealistic assumptions
Probably unrealistic assumptions are pervasive in neoclassical economic theory (also called the "standard theory" or "neoclassical paradigm"), and those assumptions are inherited by simplified models for that theory. (Any model based on a flawed theory, cannot transcend the limitations of that theory.) Joseph Stiglitz' 2001 Nobel Prize lecture reviews his work on information asymmetries, which contrasts with the assumption, in standard models, of "perfect information". Stiglitz surveys many aspects of these faulty standard models, and the faulty policy implications
and recommendations that arise from their unrealistic assumptions.
Economic models can be such powerful tools in understanding some economic relationships that it is easy to ignore their limitations. One tangible example where the limits of economic models allegedly collided with reality, but were nevertheless accepted as "evidence" in public policy debates, involved models to simulate the effects of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement. James Stanford published his examination of 10 of these models.
The fundamental issue is circular reasoning: embedding one's assumptions as foundational "input" axioms in a model, then proceeding to "prove" that, indeed, the model's "output" supports the validity of those assumptions. Such a model is consistent with similar models that have adopted those same assumptions. But is it consistent with reality? As with any scientific theory, empirical validation is needed, if we are to have any confidence in its predictive ability.
If those assumptions are, in fact, fundamental aspects of empirical reality, then the model's output will correctly describe reality (if it is properly "tuned", and if it is not missing any crucial assumptions). But if those assumptions are not valid for the particular aspect of reality one attempts to simulate, then it becomes a case of "GIGO" – Garbage In, Garbage Out".
James Stanford outlines this issue for the specific Computable General Equilibrium ("CGE") models that were introduced as evidence into the public policy debate, by advocates for NAFTA.
Despite the prominence of Stiglitz' 2001 Nobel prize lecture, the use of arguably misleading neoclassical models persisted in 2007, according to these authors:
The working paper,
"Debunking the Myths of Computable General Equilibrium Models",
provides both a history, and a readable theoretical analysis
of what CGE models are, and are not. In particular, despite their name,
CGE models use neither the Walrass general equilibrium,
nor the Arrow-Debreus General Equilibrium frameworks.
Thus, CGE models are highly distorted simplifications of theoretical frameworks—collectively called "the neoclassical economic paradigm"—which—themselves—were largely discredited by Joseph Stiglitz.
In the "Concluding Remarks" (p. 524) of his 2001 Nobel Prize lecture, Stiglitz examined why the neoclassical paradigm—and models based on it—persists, despite his publication, over a decade earlier, of some of his seminal results showing that Information Asymmetries invalidated core Assumptions of that paradigm
and its models:
In the aftermath of the 2007–2009 global economic meltdown, the profession's alleged attachment to unrealistic models is increasingly being questioned and criticized. After a weeklong workshop, one group of economists released a paper highly critical of their own profession's allegedly unethical use of unrealistic models. Their Abstract offers an indictment of fundamental practices.
Omitted details
A great danger inherent in the simplification required to fit the entire economy into a model is omitting critical elements. Some economists believe that making the model as simple as possible is an art form, but the details left out are often contentious. For instance:
Market models often exclude externalities such as pollution. Such models are the basis for many environmentalist attacks on mainstream economists. It is said that if the social costs of externalities were included in the models their conclusions would be very different, and models are often accused of leaving out these terms because of economist's pro-free market bias.
In turn, environmental economics has been accused of omitting key financial considerations from its models. For example, the returns to solar power investments are sometimes modelled without a discount factor, so that the present utility of solar energy delivered in a century's time is precisely equal to gas-power station energy today.
Financial models can be oversimplified by relying on historically unprecedented arbitrage-free markets, probably underestimating the chance of crises, and under-pricing or under-planning for risk.
It is possible that any missing variable as well as errors in values of included variables can lead to erroneous results.
Model risk: There is a significant amount of model risk inherent in the current mathematical modeling approaches to economics that one must take into account when using them. A good economic theory should be built on sound economic principles tested on many free markets, and proven to be valid. However, empirical facts have been alleged to indicate that the principles of economics hold only under very limited conditions that are rarely met in real life, and there is no scientific testing methodology available to validate hypotheses. Decisions based on economic theories that are not scientifically possible to test can give people a false sense of precision, and that could be misleading, leading to build up logical errors.
Natural economics: Economics is concerned with both 'normal' and 'abnormal' economic conditions. In an objective scientific study one is not restricted by the normality assumption in describing actual economies, as much empirical evidence shows that some "anomalous" behavior can persist for a long time in real markets e.g., in market "bubbles" and market "herding".
References
Economics models
Economic methodology |
24068199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia%20Lowen | Cynthia Lowen | Cynthia Lowen is the producer and writer of the 2011 documentary film Bully and director and producer of the 2018 documentary film Netizens.
Biography
Lowen grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts and graduated from Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 2001. In 2006, she graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in Yonkers, New York with an MFA.
Her writing has appeared in the Black Warrior Review, and in The Laurel Review.
Awards
2008 Campbell's Corner Poetry Award
“Discovery”/Boston Review Poetry Prize
Inkwell Poetry Competition
Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown, Massachusetts, Fellowship
Works
"Corpus I: Uranium"; "Oppenheimer Explains Fission"; "Oppenheimer on the Couch"; "Hibakusha"; "Oppenheimer Admires the Prints of Hokusai"; "Corpus II: Atom"; "Bedding Down with Oppie"; "Proposition"; "Theories of Relativity"; "Morning after Trinity or Oppenheimer Wakes and Remembers the Woman of His Dreams"; "Corpus III: Nucleus"; "Oppenheimer Studies the Art of Surrender"; "Hibakusha"; "Oppenheimer Maps His Coordinates"; "Corpus IV: Proton"; "Oppenheimer Gets Caught in a Blizzard"; "I asked to be held. Tea Ceremony"; "Hibakusha"; "Oppenheimer Finds a Lover or Afternoon at the Shore", Campbell corner
"Principles of Uncertainty", Boston Review, MAY/JUNE 2008
Anthologies
Essays
"A Frequent Winner's Advice", Poets & Writers
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Colorado College alumni
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
People from Amherst, Massachusetts
American women poets
American filmmakers
Writers from Massachusetts
21st-century American women |
26041731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawbar%20force%20gauge | Drawbar force gauge | A drawbar force gauge is a gauge designed to measure forces on a machine tool's drawbar. These types of machines are found in metalworking, woodworking, stone cutting, and carbon fiber fabricating shops. Many modern machines generate well in excess of 50,000 N (12,000 lbf). Measuring and maintaining this force is an important and necessary part of a machine shop preventative maintenance plan.
How drawbar force gauges work
Modern drawbar force gauges typically are based on a force sensor that uses bonded strain gauges and electronics to convert the resulting output into a digital display for the user to view. Earlier versions of these gauges sometimes also used a sealed hydraulic cavity with a pressure gauge to measure and display force. These hydraulic gauges are generally considered less accurate because of the physical limitations of the indicator.
Why drawbar force is measured
Drawbar force gauges allow early detection of problems with the spindle's Belleville spring stack, verification of performance of the clamping system as a whole, help prevent damage to spindle taper and other machine features critical to machining accuracy, and ultimately help to keep the machine operator safe.
Drawbar force measurement has been made much more important in recent years with the introduction of radically higher RPM machines. These machines are necessary to work the modern materials required in a multitude of applications—new types of composite wood material, carbon fiber, and high strength materials such as titanium. High speed machining of these materials is considered to begin at 10,000 rpm and may reach as high as 50,000 rpm. The need for regular verification of the spindle clamping system becomes obvious.
As the required machining speeds become higher, the need for machines to be built with smaller diameter spindle components increases. When the spring pack, bearings, and hydraulic units become smaller, the stresses placed upon them become greater. As a result, the clamping system will remain in good shape for fewer and fewer "cycles", or "clamp/unclamp" procedures. Again, this requires gauges and routine procedures to monitor this process. Many operators do not realize that this is something that has changed over time.
Any metal or wood working machine that takes advantage of the HSK taper system should be routinely checked. The slightest stroke mis-adjustment, dirt, or slight wear of the drawbar system can result in significantly reduced holding force. A preventative maintenance schedule, with a strict timetable for testing is a necessity when operating any type of high speed machine utilizing the HSK system.
Retention knob
Drawbar force gauges are able to detect broken or weakening components of the drawbar clamping system, can give indications that the unit needs lubrication, detect gripper mis-adjustment, or demonstrate that the incorrect retention knob is being used for the machine. A retention knob is a device screwed into the narrow end of a tool holder, enabling the drawbar to pull the tool holder into the spindle. With a highly accurate electronic gauge, deficiencies can be noted and corrected. Many hours of expensive machine operating time can be put to use while avoiding fretting, chatter, "stuck" tool holders in a spindle, etc., by employing proper preventative maintenance techniques using an accurate electronic gauge and other spindle health management tools.
Drawbar force gauges in tool holder standards
The following tool holder standards specifically address tool retention force as measured by a drawbar force gauge:
HSK standard ISO 12164-1: Hollow taper interface with flange contact surface—Part 1: Shanks—Dimensions
Steep Taper standard ASME B5.50: 7/24 Taper Tool to Spindle Connection for Automatic Tool Change
Capto Taper standard ISO 26623-1: Polygonal taper interface with flange contact surface—Part 1: Dimensions and designation of shanks
External links
Don’t Forget The Drawbar, Modern Machine Shop magazine, March 2006, By Peter Zelinski
Draw Bar Force Testing Equipment, MachineToolHelp.com
Spin Doctors, Cutting Tool Engineering magazine, August 2009, By George Weimer
Machine tools
Metalworking measuring instruments |
12906084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllostylon%20orthopterum | Phyllostylon orthopterum | Phyllostylon orthopterum is a species of plant in the family Ulmaceae. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Flora of Bolivia
orthopterum
Vulnerable plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
66544843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCvenli%2C%20%C3%87orum | Güvenli, Çorum | Güvenli is a village in the Çorum District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 83 (2022).
References
Villages in Çorum District |
2617559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20museums%20in%20Paris | List of museums in Paris | There are around 130 museums in Paris, France, within city limits. This list also includes suburban museums within the "Grand Paris" area, such as the Air and Space Museum.
The sixteen museums of the City of Paris are annotated with "VP", as well as six other ones also accommodated in municipal premises and the Musées de France (fr) listed by the ministry of culture are annotated with "MF".
List
Paris
Grand Paris
Rest of Île de France
Defunct museums
Paris
Paris région
Musée Rosa Bonheur, premises mostly sold by the city in 2014
Musée d’art naïf de Vicq en Île-de-France, closed in 2014
See also
List of visitor attractions in Paris
List of museums in France
Paris
Paris-related lists
Paris |
2936290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clibanarii | Clibanarii | The Clibanarii or Klibanophoroi (, meaning "camp oven-bearers" from the Greek word meaning "camp oven" or "metallic furnace"), in Persian Grivpanvar, were a Sasanian Persian, late Roman and Byzantine military unit of armored heavy cavalry.
Description
Similar to the cataphracti, the horsemen themselves and their horses were fully or sometimes partially armoured. There are several theories to the origins of this name, one being that the men were literally nicknamed "camp oven-bearers", due to the amount of armour they wore causing them to heat up very quickly in battle, or that the name is derived from Persian word griwbanwar or griva-pana-bara meaning "neck-guard wearer".
The clibanarii cavalry of Shapur II is described by Greek historian Ammianus Marcellinus, a Roman staff officer who served in the army of Constantius II in Gaul and Persia, fought against the Persians under Julian the Apostate, and took part in the retreat of his successor Jovian, as:
All the companies were clad in iron, and all parts of their bodies were covered with thick plates, so fitted that the stiff-joints conformed with those of their limbs; and the forms of human faces were so skilfully fitted to their heads, that since their entire body was covered with metal, arrows that fell upon them could lodge only where they could see a little through tiny openings opposite the pupil of the eye, or where through the tip of their nose they were able to get a little breath. Of these some who were armed with pikes, stood so motionless that you would have thought them held fast by clamps of bronze.
The Persians opposed us serried bands of mail-clad horsemen in such close order that the gleam of moving bodies covered with closely fitting plates of iron dazzled the eyes of those who looked upon them, while the whole throng of horses was protected by coverings of leather.
See also
Heavy cavalry
Notitia Dignitatum, a primary source
References
Further reading
José J. Vicente Sánchez (1999). Los regimientos de catafractos y clibanarios en la tardo antigüedad.
Antigüedad y cristianismo: Monografías históricas sobre la Antigüedad tardía, Nº 16, pages 397–418.ISSN 0214-7165.
External links
Cataphracts and Siegecraft - Roman, Parthian and Sasanid military organisation.
Cavalry
Asian armour
Types of cavalry unit in the army of ancient Rome
Cavalry units and formations of the Sassanian Empire
Military units and formations of the Byzantine Empire
Late Roman military units |
190803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller | Iller | The Iller (; ancient name Ilargus) is a river of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is a right tributary of the Danube, long.
It is formed at the confluence of the rivers Breitach, Stillach and Trettach near Oberstdorf in the Allgäu region of the Alps, close to the Austrian border. From there it runs northwards, passing the towns of Sonthofen, Immenstadt, and Kempten. Between Lautrach near Memmingen and Ulm it forms the border between the two German States Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg for about . The river flows into the Danube in the city centre of Ulm.
The Iller has a catchment area of . It ranks as the seventh of Bavaria's rivers by water flow, with an average throughput of at Senden, a short distance upstream from the Danube. The power of the river is used for the production of hydroelectricity via eight power stations with a total net capacity of 51 MW (1998).
A bicycle route follows the Iller, which is also a popular location for rafting and trekking.
See also
List of rivers of Bavaria
List of rivers of Baden-Württemberg
Sources
Bogner, Franz X. (2009). Allgäu und Iller aus der Luft. Theiss-Verlag 2009. .
Kettemann, Otto and Winkler, Ursula (ed.): Die Iller, 2000, (2nd, expanded edition)
Nowotny, Peter (1999). Die Iller und ihr Tal, 1999, Verlag Eberl,
References
Rivers of Baden-Württemberg
Rivers of Bavaria
Rivers of Germany |
19718602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Pine%20County%2C%20Minnesota | National Register of Historic Places listings in Pine County, Minnesota | This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Pine County, Minnesota. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pine County, Minnesota, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 21 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including a National Historic Landmark district. A supplementary list includes three additional sites that were formerly on the National Register.
Current listings
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Former listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota
References
External links
Minnesota National Register Properties Database—Minnesota Historical Society
Pine County |
9347304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20palaces%20in%20Italy | List of palaces in Italy | This is a list of the most important palaces in Italy, sorted by city.
Ancona
Palazzo Bosdari
Ascoli Piceno
Palazzo dei Capitani del Popolo
Bergamo
Palazzo della Ragione
Bernalda
Palazzo Margherita
Bologna
Palazzo Albergati
Palazzo dell'Archiginnasio – Former University of Bologna
Palazzo Comunale, Bologna
Palazzo Magnani
Palazzo dei Notai
Palazzo Orsi Mangelli
Palazzo del Podestà
Palazzo Poggi
Palazzo Re Enzo
Brescia
Palazzo della Loggia
Caltagirone
Palazzo Senatorio, Caltagirone
Caprarola
Palazzo Farnese
Caserta
Reggia di Caserta
Palazzo Reale – Former royal residence for Bourbon kings of Napoli
Castel Gandolfo
Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo the summer residence of the pope, the head of the Catholic Church
Catania
Palazzo Asmundo
Cefalù
Palazzo Atenasio Martino
Colorno
Palazzo Ducale
Cremona
Palazzo Pubblico
Ferrara
Palazzo Arcivescovile
Palazzo dei Diamanti – Currently houses 'Pinacoteca Nazionale'
Palazzo Costabili – Also known as Palazzo di Ludovico il Moro
Palazzo del Municipio
Palazzo della Ragione
Palazzo Sacrati
Palazzo Schifanoia
Florence
Palazzo Antinori
Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali (Florence)
Palazzo Bardi
Bargello – Also known as the "Palazzo del Popolo" and "Palazzo del Podestà"
Palazzo Bartolini-Salimbeni
Palazzo Borghese
Palazzo Budini Gattai
Palazzo Capponi alle Rovinate
Palazzo Corsini
Palazzo Davanzati
Palazzo Fenzi
Palazzo Ginori
Palazzo Gondi
Palazzo Guadagni
Palazzo Guicciardini
Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
Palazzo Mozzi
Palazzo Niccolini
Palazzo Panciatichi
Palazzo Pandolfini
Palazzo Pazzi
Palazzo Pitti – Largest museum complex in Firenze
Palazzo Pucci
Palazzo Quaratesi
Palazzo Rucellai
Palazzo Spini Feroni
Palazzo Strozzi
Palazzo Tornabuoni
Palazzo del Tribunale di Mercanzia
Uffizi
Palazzo Uguccioni
Palazzo Vecchio – Also known as the Palazzo della Signoria
Palazzo Ximenes da Sangallo
Palazzo Zuccari
Foggia
Palazzo Dogana
Foligno
Palazzo Trinci
Forlì
Palazzo Hercolani
Palazzo Sangiorgi
Genoa
Palazzo Bianco
Palazzo Cattaneo Adorno
Palazzo Cambiaso
Palazzo Carrega Cataldi
Palazzo Doria Pamphilj
Palazzo Doria Tursi – Currently the City Hall of Genoa
Palazzo Ducale
Palazzo Durazzo-Pallavicini
Palazzo Gambaro
Palazzo Giustiniani
Palazzo Imperiale
Palazzo Pallavicino Cambiaso
Palazzo del Principe
Palazzo Reale
Palazzo Rosso
Palazzo San Giorgio
Palazzo Sauli
Palazzo Spinola
Palazzo dell'Università
Grosseto
Palazzo Aldobrandeschi
Palazzo Comunale
Palazzo del Genio Civile
Palazzo del Monte dei Paschi
Palazzo del Vecchio Tribunale
Palazzo Moschini
Palazzo Tognetti
Gubbio
Palazzo dei Consoli
Imola
Palazzo Tozzoni
Lucca
Palazzo Ducale
Palazzo Micheletti
Palazzo Pfanner
Macerata
Palazzo Buonaccorsi
Palazzo dei Diamanti
Mantua
Palazzo Arco
Palazzo Bonacolsi
Palazzo Ducale
Palazzo Te
Palazzo degli Uberti
Marino
Palazzo Colonna (Marino)
Messina
Palazzo Calapaj
Milan
Palazzo Borromeo d'Adda
Palazzo Litta
Palazzo Marino
The Royal Palace of Milan
Palazzo Taverna
Modena
Palazzo Ducale – Now a military academy
Palazzo di Musei
Montepulciano
Palazzo Contucci
Palazzo Gagnati
Naples
Palazzo Arcivescovile
Palazzo Como
Palazzo Doria d'Angri
Palazzo Reale
Palazzo Serra di Cassano
Royal Palace (or Reggia) of Capodimonte – Summer palace of the kings of the Two Sicilies, now site of the museum of Capodimonte.
Padua
Palazzo del Bò
Palazzo Moroni
Palazzo della Ragione – Reputed to have the largest roof unsupported by columns
Palazzo Zuckerman
Palermo
Palazzo Abatellis
Palazzo Ajutamicristo
Palazzo Arcivescovile
Palazzo Chiaramonte
Palazzo Isnello
Palazzo dei Normanni – Former residence of Holy Roman Emperors and kings of Sicily
Palazzo Valguarnera-Gangi
Parma
Palazzo del Conservatore
Palazzo del Giardino
Palazzo del Governatore
Palazzo della Pilotta
Perugia
Palazzo del Municipo
Palazzo dei Priori
Piacenza
Palazzo Farnese
Palazzo dei Mercanti
Palazzo Pubblico
Pienza
Palazzo Piccolomini
Palazzo Pubblico
Pisa
Palazzo Agostini
Palazzo della Carovana – The main building of Scuola Normale di Pisa
Palazzo dei Cavalieri di Santo Stefano
Palazzo del Collegio Puteano
Palazzo Gambacorti
Palazzo Giuli Rosselmini Gualandi, which hosts the museum Palazzo Blu.
Palazzo Medici
Palazzo delle Vedove
Potenza
Palazzo Loffredo
Prato
Palazzo Pretorio
Rieti
Palazzo Vicentini
Rome
Palazzo Altavity
Palazzo Altemps
Palazzo Altieri
Palazzo Baldassini
Palazzo Barberini – Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
Palazzo Borghese
Palazzo Brancaccio
Palazzo Braschi – Last palace committed in Rome by the Pope for their families
Palazzo della Cancelleria – Former papal palace
Palazzo Carpegna
Palazzo Chigi – Seat of the Italian Cabinet; residence of the prime minister of Italy
Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana – Also known as 'Square Colosseum', in the EUR district
Palazzo Colonna
Palazzo dei Congressi
Palazzo dei Conservatori – Gallery founded in 1471, located in Campidoglio
Palazzo della Consulta
Palazzo Corsini – Office of the Accademia dei Lincei
Palazzo Donatelli-Ricci
Palazzo Doria Pamphilj
Palazzo delle Esposizioni – Rome's largest exhibition space
Palazzo Farnese – Currently French Embassy in Italy
Palazzo della Farnesina
Palazzo Giustiniani
Palazzo di Giustizia – Supreme Court of Italy
Palazzo Grazioli
Palazzo Lancellotti ai Coronari
Palazzo Laterano – Seat of the Diocese of Rome
Palazzo Madama – Seat of the Italian Senate
Palazzo Malta
Palazzo Mancini
Palazzo Margherita
Palazzo Massimi
Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
Palazzo Massimo alle Terme – Main branch of National Museum of Rome
Palazzo Mattei
Palazzo Montecitorio – Italian Parliament
Palazzo Muti
Palazzo Nuovo – Comprising the Capitoline Museums with Palazzo dei Conservatori
Palazzo Odescalchi
Palazzo Muti Papazzurri
Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi
Palazzo Pamphilj
Palazzo Pio
Palazzo Poli
Palazzo di Propaganda Fide
Palazzo del Quirinale – Residence from the Pope to the President
Palazzo Rondinini
Palazzo Ruspoli
Palazzo Santacroce
Palazzo della Sapienza – Old seat of the University of Rome
Palazzo Sciarra
Palazzo delle Scienze
Palazzo Senatorio – City Hall of Rome
Palazzo Spada
Palazzo dello Sport
Palazzo Taverna – built by Cardinal Giordano Orsini
Palazzo del Vaticano – Official residence of the Pope
Palazzo Valentini
Palazzo di Venezia – Former the Embassy of the Republic of Venice
Palazzo Zuccari
Salerno
Palazzo Pinto
Sarzana
Palazzo del Capitano
Sassari
Palazzo Giordano Apostoli
Palazzo della Provincia
Palazzo Ducale
Palazzo d'Usini
Siena
Palazzo Chigi Sarracini
Palazzo delle Papesse
Palazzo Pubblico – In the Piazza del Campo
Palazzo Spannocchi
Palazzo Tolomei
Syracuse
Palazzo Bellemo
Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco
Palazzo Migliaccio
Palazzo Vermexio
Taormina
Palazzo Corvaia
Palazzo San Stefano
Todi
Palazzo del Capitano
Palazzo del Popolo
Palazzo dei Priori
Trento
Palazzo Arcivescovile
Palazzo delle Albere
Palazzo Communale
Palazzo Geremia
Palazzo Pretorio
Palazzo Salvadori
Turin
Palazzo dell'Accademia delle Scienze
Palazzo Carignano
Palazzo Madama
Palazzo Reale – Former residence of the kings of Piedmont
Palazzina di Stupinigi, Stupinigi (near Turin)
Udine
Palazzo dell'Arcivescovado
Urbino
Palazzo Ducale
Venice
Palazzo Barbarigo
Palazzi Barbaro
Palazzo Bembo
Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti
Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo
Palazzo Cornaro
Palazzo Corner della Ca' Grande
Palazzo Corner Spinelli
Palazzo Dandolo
Palazzo Dario
Palazzo Ducale – Former seat of the Doge of Venice
Palazzo Dolfin Manin
Palazzo Farsetti
Palazzo Fortuny
Palazzo Foscari
Palazzo Grassi
Palazzo Grimani di San Luca
Palazzo Grimani di Santa Maria Formosa
Palazzo Labia – Regional HQ of RAI(Radiotelevisione Italiana)
Palazzo Loredan
Palazzo Malipiero
Palazzo Molina
Palazzo Morosini Brandolin
Palazzo Pisani a San Stefano
Palazzo Pisani Gritti
Palazzo Pisani Moretta
Palazzo Regio
Palazzo Tiepolo
Palazzo Vendramini
Palazzo Zorzi Galeoni (currently houses the offices of UNESCO in Venice)
In Venice some palazzi are conventionally called Ca' ("casa"):
Ca' da Mosto
Ca' d'Oro
Ca' Farsetti
Ca' Pesaro
Ca' Rezzonico
Ca' Zenobio
Pisani Moreta
Cavalli Franchetti
Contarini Flangini
Verona
Palazzo Bevilacqua
Palazzo Canossa
Palazzo del Comune
Palazzo del Consiglio
Palazzo Franchini
Palazzo Pompeii
Vicenza
Palazzo Barbarano
Palazzo Braschi
Palazzo del Capitanio
Palazzo Chiericati
Palazzo Leoni-Montanari
Palazzo Porto in Piazza Castello
Palazzo Thiene
Palazzo Valmarana
Viterbo
Palazzo Farnese
Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo – Former papal seat from 1257 to 1281
Volterra
Palazzo dei Priori
See also
Ducal Palace (disambiguation)
Palaces
Palaces
Italy |
60629124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Origins%20Award%20winners | 1985 Origins Award winners | The following are the winners of the 12th annual (1985) Origins Award, presented at Origins 1986:
Charles Roberts Awards
The H.G. Wells Awards
External links
1985 Origins Awards Winners
Origins Award winners
1985 awards in the United States
Origins Awards by year |
49882600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrani%C5%A1te%2C%20Struga | Vranište, Struga | Vraništa () is a village in Municipality of Struga, Macedonia.
Demographics
As of the 2021 census, Vraništa had ≥2000 residents all of them being Macedonianswith the following ethnic composition:
Macedonians 1,471
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 76
Albanians 8
Others 8
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 1,517 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 1,506
Vlachs 4
Serbs 4
Other 3
Sports
Local football club FK Makedonija Vraništa play in the Macedonian Third League (Southwest Division).
References
Villages in Struga Municipality |
57220788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiagrion%20saucium | Amphiagrion saucium | Amphiagrion saucium, the eastern red damsel, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in North America.
The IUCN conservation status of Amphiagrion saucium is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.
References
Further reading
External links
Coenagrionidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1839 |
16928586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton%20of%20Montigny-en-Gohelle | Canton of Montigny-en-Gohelle | The canton of Montigny-en-Gohelle is a former canton situated in the department of the Pas-de-Calais and in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 2 communes, which joined the canton of Hénin-Beaumont-1 in 2015. It had a total of 19,738 inhabitants (2012).
Geography
The canton is organised around Montigny-en-Gohelle in the arrondissement of Lens. The altitude varies from 23m to 65m at Montigny-en-Gohelle for an average altitude of 37m.
The canton comprised 2 communes:
Hénin-Beaumont (partly)
Montigny-en-Gohelle
See also
Cantons of Pas-de-Calais
Communes of Pas-de-Calais
Arrondissements of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Montigny-en-Gohelle
2015 disestablishments in France
States and territories disestablished in 2015 |
18779117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Pittsburgh%2C%20Pennsylvania | National Register of Historic Places listings in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | The following properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on National Register of Historic Places in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 254 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 10 National Historic Landmarks. Pittsburgh is the location of 182 of these properties and districts, including 5 National Historic Landmarks, which are listed here. The properties and districts elsewhere in the county, including 5 National Historic Landmarks, are listed separately. Four properties are split between Pittsburgh and other parts of the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania
List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations
List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Allegheny County
References
Pittsburgh-related lists
Pittsburgh |
4552406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckscher%20State%20Parkway | Heckscher State Parkway | The Heckscher State Parkway (formerly known as the Heckscher Spur) is an parkway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. The parkway is located entirely within the Suffolk County town of Islip. Although it officially begins at the south end of the Sagtikos State Parkway in West Islip, it remains signed as Southern State Parkway until it intersects with Sunrise Hwy in Islip Terrace. The section signed as Southern State Pkwy proceeds east as a six-lane parkway through Brentwood and Central Islip, loosely paralleling New York State Route 27 (NY 27). At Islip Terrace, the Heckscher Parkway turns southward, crossing NY 27 where it becomes signed as Heckscher State Parkway. The parkway comprises the eastern portion of New York State Route 908M (NY 908M), an unsigned reference route, with the Southern State Parkway occupying the western section. In order to avoid confusion, the highway is signed as an extension of the Southern State Parkway west of the NY 27 interchange (exit 44).
The parkway was originally built in 1929 as a connector between NY 27A and the newly opened Heckscher (formerly Deer Range) State Park. In 1959, bids were announced for a new Heckscher State Parkway, which would connect the original road to the Sagtikos State Parkway. This section was officially opened on November 3, 1962, with a ceremony featuring speeches by Robert Moses and Governor Nelson Rockefeller. The Long Island Transportation Plan 2000, a long-term study done in the late 1990s, called for the Heckscher Parkway to be widened west of NY 27 to accommodate a carpool and bus lane.
Route description
The Heckscher State Parkway begins at an interchange with the southern terminus of the Sagtikos State Parkway in the hamlet of West Islip on Long Island. The junction is signed as exit 41A on the Heckscher Parkway and the Southern State Parkway, the Heckscher Parkway's westward continuation toward New York City. Past the interchange, the Heckscher Parkway heads east as a six-lane divided highway, passing through residential areas in West Islip and the North Bay Shore section of town of Islip. It soon enters exit 42, a cloverleaf interchange with County Route 13 (CR 13, named Fifth Avenue). Half of the junction's ramps directly connect to CR 13 while the others use one of the parkway's two service roads, named Spur Drive South and Spur Drive North. After the interchange, the parkway continues generally eastward through Brentwood, running past dense woods buffering the highway from more developed areas.
Brentwood eventually gives way to Islip Terrace, where the parkway enters another cloverleaf interchange, exit 43 for NY 111 (Islip Avenue). Exit 43A, a junction for CR 17 (Carleton Avenue), follows shortly afterward. After exit 43A, the Heckscher State Parkway makes a gradual bend to the southeast toward exit 44, a cloverleaf interchange with NY 27 (Sunrise Highway). The two service roads flanking the Heckscher Parkway end just north of the junction, with both feeding into local streets adjacent to the parkway. Past Sunrise Highway, the Heckscher State Parkway enters East Islip, crossing over Long Island Rail Road's Montauk Branch at a point just west of the Great River station.
On the other side of the tracks, the parkway begins to run along the western edge of Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park while crossing over CR 50 (Union Boulevard). The CR 50 overpass is located just north of exit 45, a cloverleaf interchange serving NY 27A (Montauk Highway). South of here, the Heckscher narrows from six to four lanes as it heads into Great River. Here, the road passes alongside residential neighborhoods while slowly curving to the south toward Heckscher State Park. The parkway intersects Timber Point Road at exit 46 before ending shortly afterward at the tollbooth for Heckscher State Park. While the parkway designation ends here, the highway's right-of-way continues southwest into the park, from the Southern State.
History
Heckscher State Park, formerly known as Deer Range State Park, dates back to 1925. At that time, the construction of the Northern State Parkway was opposed by area residents as they believed it would hurt their ability to hunt foxes in the area. Their representatives in the New York State Legislature refused to provide money for a park, leading a group to contact August Heckscher, a local philanthropist. He donated $262,000 (1929 USD) to the Long Island State Park Commission (LISPC) and got land appropriated for a new park, which became Deer Range State Park. On June 2, 1929, the park was rededicated in the name of August Heckscher. Former Governor Alfred E. Smith, LISPC chairman and highway designer Robert Moses, and Heckscher all made remarks at a ceremony for the name change, and Heckscher was presented with a bronze tablet honoring his work. Heckscher died in April 1941.
A two-lane highway providing access from NY 27A to Heckscher State Park was constructed in 1929. This highway became the basis for what eventually became the Heckscher State Parkway. Plans for the parkway called for it to extend northwest to a junction at Bay Shore Road in West Islip, where the Heckscher, Southern, Sagitkos and Captree Parkway (now the Robert Moses Causeway) would meet. Thus, when the extension of the Southern State Parkway opened in November 1949, the junction was built to accommodate the proposed Heckscher Parkway. In 1952, the state acquired the W. Bayard Cutting estate in Great River. Projections made at this time called for the Heckscher Parkway to be constructed by 1954 so the Cutting land could be turned into an arboretum.
Work on the road was delayed until March 1959 when bids were finally announced by the State of New York Department of Public Works to construct the last section of the Heckscher State Parkway from the Sagtikos State Parkway to NY 27A. This, along with a widening of the Southern State Parkway, would fill the gaps in the original parkway system proposed by Robert Moses. The estimated cost of construction was $8,327,000 (1959 USD), and the road was slated to be completed in September 1960. An additional two years were ultimately needed to finish the highway, and LISPC announced on November 1, 1962, that the parkway would open on the upcoming Saturday (November 3) with a ceremony featuring Robert Moses and Governor Nelson Rockefeller.
On the morning of November 3, the Heckscher State Parkway's full alignment was opened to traffic in rainy conditions. A motorcade of 110 vehicles followed the new parkway to the Bayard Cutting Arboretum, but Governor Rockfeller was late due to mechanical difficulties with his personal plane. The new parkway led to the expansion of facilities along the road, which included an additional of land and of new beachfront. Opening the parkway also created connections to the nearby Southside Sportsmen's Club, which would be turned into a recreation area, and the Bayard Cutting Arboretum. A new set of trees were planted along the parkway in 1963. LISPC was to plant 67,000 trees, shrubs and ground cover along the new parkway and several others on Long Island. Evergreen trees, Japanese crab, cherry, mimosa, magnolia, forsythia and laurel plants were among those planted.
From 1997–2001, engineers at Parsons Brinckerhoff worked on "Long Island Transportation Plan 2000", a $6.5 million (2001 USD) study focused on improving Long Island's transportation system by 2020. The study's findings included of road widening. One widening proposal would give the Heckscher Parkway an extra restricted-access lane for buses and carpooling drivers between the Sagtikos State Parkway and NY 27. The added lane would be part of a system of restricted-access lanes across Long Island.
Exit list
Exit numbers continue sequentially from those of the Southern State Parkway.
References
External links
Heckscher State Parkway @ NYCROADS.com
Interchange of the Week; Monday, March 19, 2001 (Empire State Roads)
Bayard Cutting Arboretum State Park
Connetquot River State Park Preserve
Heckscher State Park
Parkways in New York (state)
Robert Moses projects
Roads on Long Island
Transportation in Suffolk County, New York |
23979402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Kyrgyzstan%20League | 2009 Kyrgyzstan League | The 2009 Kyrgyzstan League (Kyrgyz: Vysshaja Liga) was the 18th season of the top-level football league of Kyrgyzstan. It began in May 2009 with the first match of the regular season and finished in November 2009 with a championship decision match between Abdish-Ata Kant and Dordoi-Dynamo Naryn.
Team overview
Alay Osh
Kambar-Ata
Abdish-Ata Kant
Dordoi-Dynamo
Sher Bishkek
Kant-77
Dordoi-Plaza (Bishkek)
Ata Spor (Kant)
Zhashtyk Ak Altyn Karasuu
Regular season
Each team played against every other team once at home and once away for a total of sixteen matches. The best four teams advanced to the Championship Pool.
League table
Results table
Championship Pool
League table
Results table
Decision match
Since Abdish-Ata and Dordoi-Dynamo finished the Championship Pool with an equal number of points, a decision match will determine the 2009 league champions.
Match
References
Kyrgyzstan League seasons
1
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan |
17020238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr%20Sydorenko | Oleksandr Sydorenko | Oleksandr Sydorenko (27 May 1960 – 20 February 2022), also known as Aleksandr Sidorenko, was an individual medley swimmer from the USSR. He won the 400 m individual medley at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
Career
Sydorenko won a gold medal at the 1981 European Aquatics Championships in Split, and at the 1982 World Aquatics Championships in Guayaquil in the 200-metre individual medley.
At the 1983 Summer Universiade in Edmonton, he won a silver medal in the 200-metre individual medley. Between 1977 and 1986 he became the USSR champion 20 times.
Sydorenko won the 400 m individual medley at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
He worked from 1987 to 2014 as the manager of the water polo team "Ilyichevets." After retirement he worked as a volunteer in the water Polo Federation of the city of Mariupol.
Personal life and death
Sydorenko married the bronze medal-winner of the 1980 Olympic Games, Yelena Kruglova, in 1982. Sydorenko was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples (USSR).
Oleksandr Sydorenko died from COVID-19 in Mariupol on 20 February 2022, at the age of 61.
See also
World record progression 200 metres medley
References
External links
Water polo team "Ilyichevets"
YouTube heat 400 IM Olympic Games -80
Profile in the Olympic Encyclopedia
Interview to Alexander in the newspaper
Interview to Alexander in the newspaper
Ru.Wikipedia
1960 births
2022 deaths
Sportspeople from Mariupol
Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
World record setters in swimming
Male medley swimmers
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Soviet male swimmers
Olympic swimmers for the Soviet Union
Ukrainian male swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
Universiade silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Medalists at the 1983 Summer Universiade
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine
Laureates of the Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
Laureates of the Honorary Diploma of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine |
45454137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Czerkaski | Peter Czerkaski | Peter Czerkaski (born 19 September 1964) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Career
Czerkaski, a defender and tagger, came to league football from De La Salle. He played 46 games for Richmond, from 1985 to 1990. Three of his six career goals came in the opening round of the 1987 VFL season, a high scoring loss to the West Coast Eagles, which were making their debut in the competition. He was involved in an incident against Hawthorn in 1989, when he was knocked down by Gary Buckenara behind play and was carried off the field with concussion. The Hawthorn player received a three-week suspension.
In the early 1990s, Czerkaski played for Sandringham in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). He was a full-back in Sandringham's 1992 premiership team and on a half back flank when they were premiers again in 1994. It was on a half back flank that Czerkaski was named in Sandringham's Team of the Century.
References
External links
1964 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Richmond Football Club players
Sandringham Football Club players
Living people |
68186595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Fianc%C3%A9e%20des%20t%C3%A9n%C3%A8bres | La Fiancée des ténèbres | La Fiancée des ténèbres ("the fiancée of darkness") is a 1945 French film directed by Serge de Poligny and starring Pierre Richard-Willm and Jany Holt. It was one of a small number of films in the fantastique genre made during the German occupation of France. Although filmed in 1944, its completion was delayed by the Liberation and it was not shown until 1945. The film is set in the city of Carcassonne in south-west France.
Synopsis
Roland Samblanca, a pianist and composer, returns with his family to present-day Carcassonne, his native town, in search of inspiration for his music. Roaming through the old mediaeval town he encounters Sylvie, a mysterious young woman who was adopted as an orphaned child by M. Toulzac, a former teacher now confined to a wheelchair. Toulzac secretly maintains the cult of the Cathar or Albigensian religion, which was eradicated in Carcassonne by the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century, and he sees in Sylvie someone predestined to rediscover the sanctuary of the Cathars and to resume their rites. Sylvie and Roland meet again and feel a growing attraction to each other, but Sylvie believes she is accursed in love because two previous boyfriends have met sudden deaths.
After spending an idyllic day with Roland, Sylvie decides to defy her destiny and run away with him. Sylvie goes to Mlle Perdrière, a Cathar sympathiser, to persuade her to look after M. Toulzac in her stead, but Mlle Perdrière is taken ill and drops dead. Sylvie returns to Toulzac and agrees to descend into a secret tunnel whose entrance has been discovered in his garden. She finds herself in the subterranean cathedral of the Albigensians, lost for centuries, and she begins to perform their ancient rites. Roland has followed her underground and now declares his love for her. The cathedral starts to collapse around them, and Roland and Sylvie narrowly escape into a dreamlike landscape where they spend some hours together. A storm reminds Sylvie of her 'curse' and she leaves while Roland sleeps. When he returns to Carcassonne, Roland visits Toulzac, only to be told that he has died and Sylvie has gone away. Roland returns to his family and resumes his composition at the piano. In the darkness outside, Sylvie stops to look at him through his lighted window, and then continues her way to the railway station.
Cast
Jany Holt as Sylvie
Pierre Richard-Willm as Roland Samblanca
Simone Valère as Dominique
Édouard Delmont as M. Toulzac
Line Noro as Mlle Perdrières
Fernand Charpin as Fontvieille
Anne Belval as Marie-Claude
Pierre Palau as the photographer
Robert Dhéry as the innkeeper of Tournebelle
Gaston Gabaroche as Éloi
Production
The film was based on a short story, La mort ne reçoit que sur rendez-vous ("Death only receives by appointment"), by Gaston Bonheur, published in Paris-soir (Toulouse) in 1943. Bonheur and the director Serge de Poligny made the screen adaptation with contributions by Henri Calef (in hiding because of his Jewish origins) and Jean Anouilh (who wrote the love-scene on the ramparts of Carcassonne).
It is a rare example of a film inspired by the thought and culture of the Cathars in the south-west of France. The writer Gaston Bonheur was born in the Aude department and he learned the Occitan language as a child. Another native of the region who worked on the film was the composer Marcel Mirouze who wrote the score (and published it as his Symphonie albigeoise). As well as drawing on the religion and history of Carcassonne and the Cathars in the 13th century, the film's central 'fantasy' is to suppose that the Cathar faith has been secretly preserved into the 20th century by a small band of devotees who seek and predict its revival. The confrontation between the mediaeval world and modern reality is a recurrent theme in both the story and the visual style (the opening shot juxtaposes the old and new towns of Carcassonne). Further contrasts of tone are introduced: romance, in the ill-fated love-affair, and satire, in the depiction of the petite bourgeoisie of southern France.
Filming of exteriors began in March 1944 and lasted for four weeks. For security reasons it was sometimes done under close supervision by the German army which was occupying Carcassonne at that time. (In the scene on a river barge, it was a German officer who fired the revolver shot for the recording.) Interiors were then filmed in Paris at the Saint-Maurice studios, where frequent electricity cuts hampered progress. The editing also proved complicated and completion of the film was interrupted by the Liberation of France in summer 1944. The release was consequently delayed until March 1945.
Reception
By the time the film came out, the escapist mood of the occupation years in France had changed and films about war and resistance were now mainly in vogue. The unusual and original nature of the themes of La Fiancée des ténèbres, at a time when there was little knowledge of Catharism, and its disconcerting contrasts of tone meant that it was greeted with widespread incomprehension by both audiences and critics. The absence of any accompanying publicity campaign further contributed to its rapid dismissal. The film was revived in 1968 by the film historian Marcel Oms, and it attracted further interest in subsequent decades in the context of local studies. In 1975 the journal Les Cahiers de la cinémathèque (published in Perpignan) devoted an issue to the director Serge de Poligny. It included this assessment of La Fiancée des ténèbres:
References
External links
1945 films
French black-and-white films
French romantic fantasy films
1940s romantic fantasy films
1940s French films
Films scored by Marcel Mirouze
Films with screenplays by Jean Anouilh |
63088631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Weber%20%28author%29 | Caroline Weber (author) | Caroline Elizabeth Weber (born 1969) is an American author and fashion historian. She is a professor of French and Comparative Literature at Barnard College within Columbia University. Her book Proust's Duchess was a finalist for the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography.
Early life and education
Weber was born in 1969. She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in literature (summa cum laude) from Harvard University and her PhD in French literature from Yale University.
Career
After earning her PhD, Weber joined the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania as an Assistant Professor of Romance Languages. While at the University of Pennsylvania, she authored Terror and its Discontents: Suspect Words and the French Revolution and co-edited Fragments of Revolution with Howard G. Lay.
After seven years at the University of Pennsylvania, Weber joined the faculty at Columbia University as a professor of French and Comparative Literature. While there, her book Queen of Fashion: What Marie-Antoinette Wore to the French Revolution was published in 2007 and described Antoinette's life starting from her arrival from Austria into France. The biographical novel focused on Antoinette's control over her image through her autonomy of fashion.
While conducting research for her book Proust's Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris, Weber discovered one unknown and one lost essay by Marcel Proust about Parisian high society. As she was sifting through Élisabeth Greffulhe's personal archive, Weber discovered an unfinished and unpublished essay by Proust from 1902–03 titled "The Salon of the Comtesse Greffulhe." Greffulhe's husband had ordered her to not publish the essay for its vulgar contents, which she agreed to in fear of being beaten. Weber used these essays to trace the lives of three high-society female models for the Duchesse de Guermantes, from childhood to adulthood, in In Search of Lost Time, Proust's novel in seven volumes. Upon publishing the book, Weber was named a finalist for the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and received the 2019 French Heritage Society Literary Award.
Personal life
Weber is married to economist Paul Romer. Their wedding occurred in 2018, the morning Romer accepted his Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
References
Living people
1969 births
21st-century American historians
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American women historians
American women non-fiction writers
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Harvard College alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Barnard College faculty
21st-century American women writers |
4758990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggerston%20railway%20station | Haggerston railway station | Haggerston is a station on the East London line in Haggerston within the London Borough of Hackney, Greater London. The station is located on the Kingsland Viaduct at the junction of Arbutus Street and Frederick Terrace, near Kingsland Road. The main entrance is in Lee Street. The station was built as part of the East London line extension served by National Rail London Overground under the control of the London Rail division of Transport for London, however there is no standard red National Rail "double arrow" logo signage located at the station, instead only the Overground roundel. The next station north is and the next station south is . It is in Travelcard Zone 2.
History
Early history (1867-1923)
When the East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway (known as the North London Railway (NLR) from 1853) started operating on 26 September 1850, they shared a London terminus at Fenchurch Street railway station with the London and Blackwall Railway which involved a circuitous route via Hackney, Bow and East Stepney for city bound passengers. An act of parliament saw the NLR apply to build a two-mile extension from Dalston to a new London terminus at Broad Street railway station. This was passed in 1861.
The original railway had three tracks and the station had three platform faces. It was situated on a viaduct and was a flat roofed square two storey station building located on Lee Street. Connor suggests the ticket office was at street level and stairs took you up to platform level which were accommodated within the building. The station, which was originally going to be named De-Beauvoir Town was opened on 2 September 1867. It is not known at this juncture whether there were offices or platform level passenger facilities on the top floor of the building. The island platform was accessed by a subway and steps.
A fourth track which did not have a platform face was added in 1872 and used by goods trains to and from Broad Street goods depots.
The signal box was located north of the station between the two sets of running lines.
The London & North Western Railway (LNWR) took over the working of the North London Railway under a common management arrangement on 1 February 1909 although the North London Railway continued to exist until 1922.
In 1916 the two westerly lines were electrified for Broad Street to Richmond services and the two sets of running lines were known as No. 2 Electrics (west side of viaduct) and No 1 Steam (east side of the viaduct). The electric services did not call at Haggerston as there was no fourth platform provided.
Services
It was initially served by local services from Broad Street to Poplar (East India Road) on the City Extension of the North London Railway. Later Great Northern Railway services to New Barnet, Alexandra Palace, High Barnet and Gordon Hill called during the peak hours. Between 1870 and 1890 some Poplar trains were extended to/from Blackwall.
London Midland & Scottish Railway (1923-1940)
Following the Railways Act 1921, also known as the grouping act, operation of the station fall under the control of the London Midland & Scottish Railway.
Sunday services to Poplar were withdrawn on 29 January 1940. Following that, services were withdrawn on 6 May 1940 as an economy measure during World War II and the following October the station building was badly damaged by enemy bombs. The signal box was damaged by a further raid in April 1941 and was not replaced.
After closure (1940-2010)
The Poplar service continued to pass through Haggerston but this was withdrawn on 15 May 1944 due to bomb damage between Dalston and Poplar and declining passenger numbers.
The station building was demolished in December 1946.
The "Steam" lines (also known as No 1 lines) were lifted sometime during the 1970s and traffic declined at Broad Street until that station was closed on 30 June 1986 with the former No 2 electric lines being lifted soon after. After that the trackbed through the station remained overgrown and unused.
The new station (2010-present day)
The East London line extension saw proposals to extend the East London Line (then New Cross/New Cross Gate - Shoreditch) to Dalston and a connection with the North London Line. This scheme involved using the old Broad Street lines and a new station was proposed at Haggerston south of the original site.
The new station was designed by Acanthus LW Architects. The design features towers that serve to strengthen the station's urban presence and recall the language of London's stations of the 1930s designed by Charles Holden. The building is clad externally in precast concrete with screens of cast glass planks. Internally, the building features orange mosaic tiling and a large mural to Edmond Halley, who was born in the area.
The station was opened to the general public on 27 April 2010 with a limited service running between Dalston Junction and or . On 23 May 2010 services were extended from New Cross Gate to West Croydon or , whilst through trains to began operating at the December 2012 timetable change.
The former up platform remains (as of 2018) but the original island platform was removed during construction.
Services (2012)
Services are provided by London Overground. the off-peak service is:
4 trains per hour (tph) to via
4 tph to via Surrey Quays and the South London Line
4 tph to via Surrey Quays
4 tph to via Surrey Quays
16 tph to , of which 8 tph continue to
Connections
London Buses routes 149, 242, 243 and night route N242 serve the station.
Line
References
External links
East London line
Railway stations in the London Borough of Hackney
Former North London Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1867
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1940
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2010
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain
Railway stations served by London Overground
1867 establishments in England
London Overground Night Overground stations
Haggerston |
34981191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umpithamu%20language | Umpithamu language | Umpithamu, also spelt Umbindhamu, is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia.
In July 2020, A Dictionary of Umpithamu was published, compiled by Flemish linguist Jean-Christophe Verstraete, with main language consultants Florrie Bassani and her niece Joan Liddy.
Classification
Though generally accepted as a branch of the Paman languages, Dixon believes it to be an isolate. According to Rigsby (1997), Umpithamu shares some grammatical features with the other languages spoken by the Lamalama people, but it shares more lexicon with Ayapathu and Umpila.
In 2008, Verstraete wrote that there were four languages associated with the Lamalama people: Umpithamu, Morrobolam, Mba Rumbathama (Mbarrumbathama, Lamalama) and Rimanggudinhma language (Mbariman-Gudhinma). In 2020, he spoke of five languages associated with the Lamalama people, but the name of the fifth is not recorded in the article.
He is quoted by Austlang from his 2018 work, The Genetic Status of Lamalamic, that Lamalama, Rimanggudinhma and Morrobolam form a genetic subgroup of Paman known as Lamalamic, "defined by shared innovations in phonology and morphology".
"Yintjinggu/Jintjingga" is a place name used for both Umpithamu and the neighbouring Ayabadhu language.
References
Paman languages
Extinct languages of Queensland |
29723095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Canada%20Cup%20of%20Curling | 2010 Canada Cup of Curling | The 2010 Canada Cup of Curling was held December 1–5, 2010 at the Medicine Hat Arena in Medicine Hat, Alberta. The Glenn Howard rink won their first Canada Cup on the men's side while Stefanie Lawton won her second cup. Glenn Howard's win marks the first time that a non-Alberta men's team won a Canada Cup.
Qualification
Women's
Defending champion: Shannon Kleibrink
2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts champion: Jennifer Jones
Canadian Olympic Team: Cheryl Bernard
2010 Players' Champion: Cheryl Bernard (replaced by next best team on the 2009-10 CTRS ranking list, Kelly Scott)
2010 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic winner: Bingyu Wang (ineligible; replaced by next best team on the CTRS, Heather Nedohin)
2010 Manitoba Lotteries Women's Curling Classic winner: Chelsea Carey
2010 Southwestern Ontario Women's Charity Cashspiel winner: Shelley Nichols
2009-10 CTRS team: Amber Holland
2009-10 CTRS team: Stefanie Lawton
2009-10 CTRS team: Krista McCarville
Men's
Defending champion: Kevin Martin
2010 Tim Hortons Brier champion: Kevin Koe
Canadian Olympic Team: Kevin Martin (replaced by next best team on the 2009-10 CTRS ranking list, Glenn Howard)
2010 Players' Champion: Brad Gushue
2010 Westcoast Curling Classic winner: Kevin Martin (replaced by Mathew Camm)
2010 Cactus Pheasant Classic winner: Kevin Martin (replaced by Brent Bawel)
2010 Challenge Casino Lac Leamy winner: Serge Reid
2009-10 CTRS team: Jeff Stoughton
2009-10 CTRS team: Randy Ferbey (replaced by Rob Fowler)
2009-10 CTRS team: Mike McEwen
Men's
Teams
Round-robin standings
Round-robin results
Draw 2
Wednesday, December 1, 12:30 pm
Draw 4
Wednesday, December 1, 8:30 pm
Draw 5
Thursday, December 2, 9:00 am
Draw 6
Thursday, December 2, 1:30 pm
Draw 7
Thursday, December 2, 6:00 pm
Draw 8
Friday, December 3, 9:00 am
Draw 9
Friday, December 3, 1:30 pm
Draw 10
Friday, December 3, 6:00 pm
Tiebreaker
Friday, December 3, 9:30 pm
Playoffs
1 vs. 2
Saturday, December 4, 8:30 am
3 vs. 4
Saturday, December 4, 8:30 am
Semifinal
Saturday, December 4, 6:30 pm
Final
Sunday, December 5, 12:30 pm
Women's
Teams
Round-robin standings
Round-robin results
Draw 1
Wednesday, December 1, 8:30 am
Draw 3
Wednesday, December 1, 4:30 pm
Draw 5
Thursday, December 2, 9:00 am
Draw 6
Thursday, December 2, 1:30 pm
Draw 7
Thursday, December 2, 6:00 pm
Draw 8
Friday, December 3, 9:00 am
Draw 9
Friday, December 3, 1:30 pm
Draw 10
Friday, December 3, 6:00 pm
Playoffs
1 vs. 2
Saturday, December 4, 8:30 am
3 vs. 4
Saturday, December 4, 8:30 am
Semifinal
Saturday, December 4, 1:30 pm
Final
Sunday, December 5, 11:00 am
External links
Event site
Canada Cup Of Curling, 2010
Canada Cup (curling)
Sport in Medicine Hat
December 2010 sports events in Canada
Curling competitions in Alberta
2010 in Alberta |
409402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20political%20parties%20in%20S%C3%A3o%20Tom%C3%A9%20and%20Pr%C3%ADncipe | List of political parties in São Tomé and Príncipe | São Tomé and Príncipe has a multi-party system.
The parties
Parliamentary parties
Other parties
Liberal Democratic Order (Ordem Liberal Democrata)
Force for Change Democratic Movement – Liberal Party (Movimento Democrático das Forças da Mudança – Partido Liberal)
Christian Democratic Front (Frente Democrática Cristã)
São Toméan Workers Party (Partido Trabalhista Santomense)
Social Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Social)(defunct)
Uê Kédadji coalition (defunct)
Democratic Renovation Party (Partido da Renovação Democrática)
National Union for Democracy and Progress (União Nacional para a Democracia e Progresso)
Opposition Democratic Coalition (Coligaçao Democrática da Oposiçao)
People's Party of Progress (Partido Popular do Progresso)
Social Renewal Party (Partido da Renovação Social)
National Platform for Development (Plataforma Nacional para Desenvolvimento)
Stability and Social Progress Party (Partido da Estabilidade e Progresso Social)
Social Democratic Movement - Green Party of São Tomé and Príncipe (Movimento Social Democrata - Partido Verde São Tomé and Príncipe)
Exiled political parties (defunct)
Independent Democratic Union of São Tomé and Príncipe (União Democrãtica Independente de São Tomé e Príncipe)
National Democratic Action of São Tomé and Príncipe (Acção Democrática Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe)
National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe (Frente de Resistência Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe)
National Resistance Front of São Tomé and Príncipe-Renewal (Frente de Resistência Nacional de São Tomé e Príncipe-Renovada)
See also
Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe
List of political parties by country
References
Sao Tome and Principe
Political parties
Sao Tome and Principe
Political parties |
15884381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevenson%20v.%20Pemberton | Stevenson v. Pemberton | Stevenson v. Pemberton, 1 U.S. (1 Dall.) 3 (Pa. 1760) is a decision of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, issued when Pennsylvania was still a British colony. It is among the first decisions that appear in the first volume of United States Reports.
Colonial court decisions in the United States Reports
None of the decisions appearing in the first volume and most of the second volume of the United States Reports are actually decisions of the United States Supreme Court. Instead, they are decisions from various Pennsylvania courts, dating from the colonial period and the first decade after Independence. Alexander Dallas, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, lawyer and journalist, had been in the business of publishing and selling these cases for newspapers and periodicals. He subsequently began compiling and selling these cases in a bound volume, which he called "Reports of cases ruled and adjudged in the courts of Pennsylvania, before and since the Revolution". This would come to be known as the first volume of "Dallas Reports."
When the United States Supreme Court, along with the rest of the new Federal Government, moved in 1791 to the nation's temporary capital in Philadelphia, Dallas was appointed the Supreme Court's first unofficial and unpaid Supreme Court Reporter. (Court reporters in that age received no salary, but were expected to profit from the publication and sale of their compiled decisions.) Dallas continued to collect and publish Pennsylvania decisions in a second volume of his Reports, and when the Supreme Court began hearing cases he added those cases to his reports, starting towards the end of the second volume, "2 Dallas Reports". Dallas would go on to publish a total of 4 volumes of decisions during his tenure as Reporter.
In 1874, the U.S. government created the United States Reports, and numbered the volumes previously published privately as part of that series, starting from the first volume of Dallas Reports. The four volumes Dallas published were retitled volumes 1 - 4 of United States Reports. As a result, the complete citation to Stevenson v Pemberton is 1 U.S. (1 Dall.) 3 (Pa. 1759).
The decision
A party known only as "C" in Dallas's annotations, who resided in the West Indies, was indebted to both Pemberton and to Stevenson. After Pemberton corresponded with C asking for security for the debt, C sent a quantity of rum to Pemberton, with directions that Pemberton sell the rum and apply the proceeds to C's debt to Pemberton and then to specified others creditors. Before Pemberton could sell the rum, Stevenson, who already held a judgment against C, sued Pemberton, seeking a writ of scire facias establishing Stevenson's right to the rum, or to first right to the proceeds of its sale. As Dallas wrote, "The Question on these Facts, as found by a special Verdict, was, Whether P[emberton]. should retain the Goods for the Payment of his own Debt, or whether the Property remained in C, so as to be liable to the Attachment of S[tevenson]?
Stevenson's lawyer argued that since C consigned the rum to Pemberton with instructions to sell it on C's account, the rum remained the property of C, and was thus subject to Stevenson's attachment. Pemberton's lawyer argued that C sent it to Pemberton as security for C's debt to Pemberton and other "Dutch Bill Creditors" thereby vesting Pemberton with a special property interest (what in modern parlance is called a "security interest") that preceded Stevenson's interest until C's debt to Pemberton was satisfied.
The court noted that if C had sent money to Pemberton in payment of his debt, Pemberton would clearly have had superior claim to that money. The court then held that the fact that C sent a commodity (the rum) which had to be converted to money before Pemberton could be paid, made no difference, and Pemberton's claim was upheld. According to the decision, "the whole Court" gave judgment for Pemberton—thus it appears that the decision was unanimous.
Precedential effect
In the century after its publication, Stevenson v Pemberton would be cited as precedent for the proposition that chattels consigned or delivered from one party to a second party, in satisfaction of a prior debt owed to the second party, or for the benefit of a third party, becomes the property of the second (or the third party, if there is such) upon such consignment or delivery, and are thus not subject to attachment by creditors of the first party. The last time that it was cited by federal courts was by the United States Supreme Court in Grove v. Brien, 49 U.S. (8 How.) 429 (1850).
Notes
References
Hall, Kermit, ed. Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (Oxford 1992)
Goebel, Jr., Julius, The Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the Supreme Court of the United States Volume 1: Antecedents and Beginnings to 1801 (Macmillan, 1971)
Stevenson v. Pemberton, 1 U.S. (1 Dall.) 3 (Pa. 1760)
See also
United States Reports, volume 1
1760 in case law
1760 in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania state case law |
130086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratliff%20City%2C%20Oklahoma | Ratliff City, Oklahoma | Ratliff City is a town in Carter County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 120 at the 2010 census. Ratliff City was named for Ollie Ratliff, owner of a local garage. It is part of the Ardmore, Oklahoma Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The post office was opened on January 1, 1953, when the town was incorporated.
Geography
Ratliff City is located in northwestern Carter County at the junction of State Highways 7 and 76. Highway 7 leads east to Davis and west to Duncan, while Highway 76 leads north to Foster and south to Healdton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Ratliff City has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 131 people, 53 households, and 41 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 70 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 87.79% White, 1.53% African American, 5.34% Native American, and 5.34% from two or more races.
There were 53 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.74.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 3.8% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.2 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $23,125, and the median income for a family was $27,917. Males had a median income of $37,083 versus $11,250 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,080. There were 20.0% of families and 17.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 27.6% of under eighteens and 25.0% of those over 64.
References
Further reading
Shirk, George H.; Oklahoma Place Names; University of Oklahoma Press; Norman, Oklahoma; 1987: .
Towns in Carter County, Oklahoma
Towns in Oklahoma
Ardmore, Oklahoma micropolitan area |
23163584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancer%20%28Gino%20Soccio%20song%29 | Dancer (Gino Soccio song) | Dancer is a song by Gino Soccio. It was released as a single in 1979 from his album Outline.
The song topped the Billboard Disco chart and remained on that spot for six weeks. It was also Soccio's only Billboard Hot 100 entry, peaking at No. 48, and his only Top 10 hit on his home country's RPM Top Singles chart, peaking at No. 6.
Background
The song was part of the playlist at New York City disco Paradise Garage, in an extended mix by DJ Larry Levan. “They would play that song three times in a row sometimes, and it was already an eight-minute song," Soccio told Wax Poetics in a 2013 career retrospective interview. "It was twenty-four minutes of ‘Dancer,’ and people just would not get enough of it. It really was something. It blew me away.”
Chart performance
Legacy
During Pride Month 2022, "Dancer" was selected by Jezebel as #22 in their list of "69 of the Best Disco Songs of All Time."
References
1979 singles
1979 songs
Disco songs
Warner Records singles |
57055640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Li%20%28fashion%20designer%29 | Yang Li (fashion designer) | Yang Li is a Chinese fashion designer based in London. He currently is the creative director of Shang Xia.
Early life
Li was born in Beijing and resided there for the first 10 years of his life. After moving to Perth, Australia at the age of 10, Li spent his isolated teenage years playing basketball and skateboarding, two sports whose style and expression through clothing were his first introduction to fashion. Music has been the most profound obsession of Yang Li numerous collaborations have resulted and Li has led the way in championing underground and cult artists.
Career
Li dabbled in music and briefly studied law to please his parents, but ultimately decided to pursue fashion. Upon receiving a scholarship to Central Saint Martins in 2007, Li moved to London to study fashion. After an internship under English designer Gareth Pugh, Li withdrew from the institution and moved to Belgium to intern under fashion designer Raf Simons. Following his experience described as "working in a creative kitchen", he launched his eponymous label in 2010.
Li's first collection "Zero Hour", released in 2010, was shown through a short film in collaboration with filmmaker and photographer Scott Trindle, in which articles of clothing were cut and repaired in varying degrees, which he saw as an act of "subtle rebellion". He proceeded to release three more collections before his Fall/Winter 2013 Paris debut women's collection, a show dubbed "phenomenal" by Vogue. In 2014, he was shortlisted for the LVMH prize. CLCC SA, a Luxembourg fashion fund who had also funded Raf Simons, made investments in Yang Li in 2015. Li debuted his menswear line in January 2016 for Paris Fashion Week. In 2017, he launched his collaboration label SAMIZDAT.
Li is known for working with underground and cult musicians. For Li's Spring/Summer 2018 collection, the designer partnered with American singer-songwriter Michael Gira for a live performance to accompany his runway show at Palais de Tokyo in Paris. Other music collaborations include Blixa Bargeld of Einstürzende Neubauten, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Justin Broadrick, Keiji Haino, Jehnny Beth, Genesis Porridge, Psychic TV, Ramleh, KK Null, and Pharmakon.
Automatic show
In 2018 Li debuted the "automatic show", ceding control of the FW19 visual presentation to his models. Li invited friends of the likes of Stoya, Asia Argento, Ali Michael, Ruby Aldridge, Lily McMenamy, Gaia Orgeas, Savages frontwoman Jehnny Beth, Rossy de Palma, Irina Shnitman, Sasha Melnychuk, Ellie Grace Cumming and Genesis P-Orridge to communicate the collection in their own way, began simultaneously posting selfies on Instagram from 10 different cities garbed in various looks of Li’s AW19 collection, all combined it was the whole of the collection. “Automatic Show” was a selfie salvo that relied completely on the participation of its models, Of course skirting convention runs the risk of going all but unnoticed; that didn’t happen, it created an instant viral digital fashion show
Li says that he was inspired by the disjointed prose of American writer William S. Burroughs, who was known for championing an unconscious and "automatic" style of writing in his work. resulting in the following YANG LI AUTOMATIC MANIFESTO
Li said:
The show was critically acclaimed and received overwhelming attention across the industry, models.com citing it as one of the coolest show of the season
The following year in 2019, Li extended his exploration of formats with a 3D virtual meets live show in collaboration with The Jesus and Mary Chain. Yang Li presented his collection titled Greatest Hits: Automatic Show II at La Gaîté Lyrique. The show was a part concert, part visual experience through the digital projections which featured a 3D scanned version of Ruby Aldridge and Wolf Gillespie who modelled the collection in a virtual video game like environment, mirrored in a 360 view across the venue in collaboration with SHOWstudio and AGUSTA YR, the show also featured a live performance by The Jesus and Mary Chain.
Li's work has attracted a number of highly influential stockists, including SSENSE, Farfetch, Dover Street Market, and LUISAVIAROMA.
References
Living people
1987 births |
53479806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldton%20Buccaneers | Geraldton Buccaneers | The Geraldton Buccaneers, also known as the Buccs, are an Australian basketball team based in Geraldton, Western Australia. The Buccaneers compete in the Men's NBL1 West and play their home games at Activewest Stadium. The team is affiliated with Geraldton Amateur Basketball Association (GABA), the major administrative basketball organisation in the region.
Team history
Establishment
In the 1980s, the highest level of basketball in the state of Western Australia was played in the Perth-based District Competition. In an effort to expand the league, the Western Australian Basketball Federation began approaching various business people in the country areas to gauge their interest in a statewide basketball competition. Among those approached were Brian Middleton and Graham Greenaway, residents of Geraldton. Middleton and Greenaway convinced Kevin Jones, the Administrator of the Geraldton Amateur Basketball Association (GABA), to join them in establishing a basketball team in Geraldton. With Jones leading the project, Middleton and Greenaway provided funding for the licence and became the team's private owners. They served as the licencees until the GABA eventually bought the rights to the team. Geraldton was joined by Albany and Bunbury, and then Kalgoorlie and Mandurah.
Early success
1989 saw the formation of the State Basketball League (SBL). Initially known as the Batavia Buccaneers, the team's inaugural coaching staff included Head Coach Tom McClain, a former player for the Perth Wildcats, and his two assistants, Kevin Jones and Jim O'Dea. Americans Dan Hunt and Brian Funingsland were the team's first two import players, while Perth native Ray Chamberlain joined the squad. All three players were members of the East Perth Eagles' 1988 premiership team. The Buccaneers finished their inaugural season as minor premiers, earning first place on the standings with a 19–3 record. They defeated the Willetton Tigers 106–93 in the semi-finals before losing 114–89 to the Perth Redbacks in the SBL Grand Final.
In 1993, the Buccaneers won their second minor premiership after finishing the regular season in first place with a 19–5 record. In 1996, they made their first grand final appearance since 1989, where they lost 103–86 to the Bunbury City Slammers. In 1997, they returned to the SBL Grand Final, where they lost 94–92 to the Perth Redbacks.
In 2000, the Buccaneers finished on top of the West Conference table with a league-best 17–2 record. They made it through to their fourth SBL Grand Final, where behind a 30-point effort from Greg Brown, they defeated the Lakeside Lightning 96–76 to win their maiden championship. Alongside Brown, Canadian forward Jeff Bevington had 25 points and 15 rebounds while Daniel McGlynn had 18 points. The following season, the Buccs made their fifth grand final appearance in 13 years, but despite a 30-point effort from Bevington, they were defeated 101–83 by the Perry Lakes Hawks.
Sixth grand final appearance
The Buccaneers played in the finals every year throughout the 2000s. In 2011, they missed the finals for the first time since 1998. They again missed the finals in 2012 before returning to form in 2013 with a playoff appearance.
Following their revival in 2013, the Buccaneers headed into the 2014 season not settling for anything less than a championship. Behind imports Carter Cook and Jerrah Young, as well as former Melbourne Tigers player Bennie Lewis and veterans Aaron Ralph, Mat Wundenberg and Luke Wrensted, the Buccaneers claimed their first minor premiership since 2000 with a 19–7 record. They went on to beat the South West Slammers and Lakeside Lightning in four straight playoff matches to reach their first SBL Grand Final since 2001. However, they came up short in the championship decider as they were defeated 99–83 by the East Perth Eagles. The Buccaneers had now won just the one championship from six grand final appearances.
Early finals exits
In 2015, the Buccaneers remained in the mix for top championship contenders as they finished the regular season in second place with a 20–6 record. Despite their impressive season and boasting a roster that included Carter Cook, Bennie Lewis, Aaron Ralph, Daniel Thomas and Cory Cooperwood, the Buccaneers were outclassed by the seventh-seeded Goldfields Giants in the quarter-finals, losing the series 2–0.
Despite losing Bennie Lewis for the 2016 season, the Buccaneers were able to cover his loss by acquiring Matthew Adekponya and Jackson Hussey, while also signing Maurice Barrow to complement four-year import Carter Cook. They went on to lead the Buccs to a fourth-place finish with an 18–8 record, before advancing to the semi-finals where they were swept by the eventual champion Cockburn Cougars.
The 2017 season started off well for the Buccaneers, as they went 6–1 over the first seven games. The Buccs' early-season form demonstrated their ability to cover all areas, with imports Maurice Barrow and Dwayne Benjamin tremendously versatile, Mat Wundenberg and James Paringatai experienced bigs, Jackson Hussey and Matt Hancock a strong back court, and Aaron Ralph a sharpshooter off the bench. They went on to finish the regular season in third place with a 19–7 record before reaching the semi-finals, where they were defeated 2–1 by the Joondalup Wolves despite taking the first game.
There was a mass turnover in the playing stocks for the Buccaneers leading into 2018, with Benjamin and Hancock moving on, while Hussey and Barrow also departed to join the defending champion Perth Redbacks. As a result, they picked up imports Gokul Natesan and Colter Lasher, to go with Marcus Alipate of Tonga and Earnest Ross of Guam. With a 23–3 record in 2018, the Buccaneers won their first minor premiership since 2014. It also marked the Buccs' best regular-season record since 2001, when they finished second at 24–2. They went on to lose to the eighth-seeded Rockingham Flames in straight sets in the quarter-finals.
Second championship
The Buccaneers retained the services of import Colter Lasher for the 2019 season, while losing Natesan and Ross. Initial import Willie Conner was replaced mid-season by DeAngelo Isby, who himself was later released during the quarter-finals. The Buccaneers finished the regular season in third place with a 19–7 record, and after two three-game playoff series, they reached the SBL Grand Final. In what was their seventh championship decider, the Buccaneers defeated the Joondalup Wolves 92–80 to win their second championship.
NBL1 West
In 2021, the SBL was rebranded as NBL1 West. In 2022, the Buccaneers reached their eighth grand final, where they were defeated by the Rockingham Flames 91–79. They returned to the grand final in 2023, where they won their third championship with an 86–80 win over the Joondalup Wolves.
Players
Notable past players
Matthew Adekponya
Shamus Ballantyne
Maurice Barrow
Everard Bartlett
Dwayne Benjamin
Jeff Bevington
Eric Brand
Greg Brown
Bryce Burch
Carter Cook
Cory Cooperwood
Alan Erickson
Ray Evans
Brian Fundingsland
Mark Heron
/ Dan Hunt
Rob Kampman
Michael Lay
/ Bennie Lewis
Curtis Marshall
Luke Meyer
/ Mathiang Muo
Johny Narkle
Joe Regnier
Earnest Ross
Daniel Thomas
Jerrah Young
/ Ryan Zamroz
Accolades
Championships: 3 (2000, 2019, 2023)
Grand Final appearances: 9 (1989, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2014, 2019, 2022, 2023)
Minor premierships: 6 (1989, 1993, 2000, 2014, 2018, 2022)
Women's team
For a brief period during the 2000s, a Geraldton Buccaneers women's team competed in the WSBL. In four seasons between 2005 and 2008, the Lady Buccs posted an 18–72 record (.200 winning percentage).
References
External links
Official team website
1989 establishments in Australia
Basketball teams established in 1989
Basketball teams in Western Australia
Geraldton
NBL1 West teams |
25782134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m%20V%C4%83n%20T%E1%BB%B5 | Phạm Văn Tỵ | Phạm Văn Tỵ (born 1956 near Nam Dinh, North Vietnam) is a Vietnamese musician, known for his virtuosity on the Đàn nguyệt (moon lute) and his knowledge of the art of chau van.
Ty moved to Hanoi in 1973 to study at the Hanoi Conservatory of Music. He had previously joined the Nam Dinh Folk Song and Dance Troupe, where he developed his interest in chau van. After graduating from the conservatory, he joined the Folk Culture Institute, where he completed a master's degree and is still a researcher. Since the 1980s, Ty has been the principal moon lute player and singer at the Den Dau (Mulberry Temple) in Hanoi.
Ty has released numerous recordings of traditional Vietnamese music, and has performed in Asia, Europe, and the United States. In 1998 he won a gold medal at a Vietnamese national music festival for his song "For the Fighters at the Frontier," based on a poem he had written himself. In 2001, the Vietnam Ministry of Culture named Ty as an Nghệ sĩ Ưu tú (Artist of Merit), a title awarded for exceptional achievements in the arts.
References
Barley Norton, Songs for the Spirits: Music and Mediums in Modern Vietnam (2009), pp. 84–87, available on Google Books
Traditional Vietnamese Music: Hat Chau Van by Pham Van Ty, available on YouTube.
Living people
1956 births
Vietnamese musicians |
66865895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters%2C%20Inc. | Daughters, Inc. | Daughters, Incorporated, or Daughters, Inc., was an American feminist publishing house founded by June Arnold and Parke Bowman in 1972. Based in New York, N.Y., their publications primarily revolved around gender and lesbian experiences.
List of books published by Daughters, Inc.
Applesauce by June Arnold
Sister Gin by June Arnold
Ruby Fruit Jungle by Rita Mae Brown
Lover by Bertha Harris
Happenthing in travel on by Carole Spearin McCauley
Daughters, Inc. closed down in 1978.
References
Publishing companies established in 1972
Feminist organizations in the United States
1978 disestablishments in New York (state)
1972 establishments in New York City
Publishing companies disestablished in 1978
American companies established in 1972
American companies disestablished in 1978
Women in New York City |
23726961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography%20of%20Alexander%20the%20Great | Historiography of Alexander the Great | There are numerous surviving ancient Greek and Latin sources on Alexander the Great, king of Macedon, as well as some Asian texts. The five main surviving accounts are by Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curtius Rufus, and Justin. In addition to these five main sources, there is the Metz Epitome, an anonymous late Latin work that narrates Alexander's campaigns from Hyrcania to India. Much is also recounted incidentally by other authors, including Strabo, Athenaeus, Polyaenus, Aelian, and others. Strabo, who gives a summary of Callisthenes, is an important source for Alexander's journey
to Siwah.
Contemporary sources
Most primary sources written by people who actually knew Alexander or who gathered information from men who served with Alexander are lost, but a few inscriptions and fragments survive. Contemporaries who wrote accounts of his life include Alexander's campaign historian Callisthenes; Alexander's generals Ptolemy and Nearchus; Aristobulus, a junior officer on the campaigns; and Onesicritus, Alexander's chief helmsman. Finally, there is the very influential account of Cleitarchus who, while not a direct witness of Alexander's expedition, used sources which had just been published. His work was to be the backbone of that of Timagenes, who heavily influenced many historians whose work still survives. None of his works survived, but we do have later works based on these primary sources.
The five main sources
Arrian
Anabasis Alexandri (The Campaigns of Alexander in Greek) by the Greek historian Arrian of Nicomedia, writing in the 2nd century AD, and based largely on Ptolemy and, to a lesser extent, Aristobulus and Nearchus. It is generally considered one of the best sources on the campaigns of Alexander as well as one of the founders of a primarily military-based focus on history. Arrian cites his source by name and he often criticizes them. He is not interested in the King's private life, overlooking his errors. That Alexander should have committed errors in conduct from impetuosity or from wrath, and that he should have been induced to comport himself like the Persian monarchs to an immoderate degree, I do not think remarkable if we fairly consider both his youth and his uninterrupted career of good fortune. I do not think that even his tracing his origin to a god was a great error on Alexander's part if it was not perhaps merely a device to induce his subjects to show him reverence. (Arrian 7b 29)
Indica, written in the 2nd century AD, mainly describes the voyage of Alexander the Great's officer Nearchus from the Indus to the Persian Gulf following Alexander's conquest of much of the Indus Valley.
Plutarch
Life of Alexander (see Parallel Lives) and two orations On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander the Great (see Moralia), by the Greek historian and biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea in the second century, based largely on Aristobulus and especially Cleitarchus. Plutarch devotes a great deal of space to Alexander's drive and desire and strives to determine how much of it was presaged in his youth. He also draws extensively on the work of Lysippus, Alexander's favorite sculptor, to provide what is probably the fullest and most accurate description of the conqueror's physical appearance.
Diodorus
Bibliotheca historica (Library of world history), written in Greek by the Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus, from which Book 17 relates the conquests of Alexander, based almost entirely on Cleitarchus and Hieronymus of Cardia. It is the oldest surviving Greek source (1st century BC). Diodorus regarded Alexander like Caesar as a key historical figure and chronological marker.
Curtius
Historiae Alexandri Magni, a biography of Alexander in ten books, of which the last eight survive, by the Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus, written in the 1st century AD, and based largely on Cleitarchus through the mediation of Timagenes, with some material probably from Ptolemy. His work is fluidly written, but reveals ignorance of geography, chronology, and technical military knowledge, focusing instead on the character. According to Jona Lendering: ..the real subject was not Alexander, but the tyranny of Tiberius and Caligula. (It can be shown that Curtius Rufus' description of the trial of Philotas is based on an incident during the reign of Tiberius)...Curtius copies Cleitarchus' mistakes, although he is not an uncritical imitator.
Justin
The Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus by Justin, is highly compressed version of an earlier history by Trogus, with the selections governed by Justin's desire to make moralistic points, rather than with an eye for the history itself.
Letters
Alexander wrote and received numerous letters, but no originals survive. A few official letters addressed to the Greek cities survive in copies inscribed in stone and the content of others is sometimes reported in historical sources. These only occasionally quote the letters and it is an open question how reliable such quotations are. Several fictitious letters, some perhaps based on actual letters, made their way into the Romance tradition.
Ephemerides of Alexander the Great
The Ephemerides of Alexander were journals describing Alexander's daily activities. Mentioned by ancient writers, but only fragments survive today.
Lost works
Life of Alexander by Aesopus
Works of Anaximenes of Lampsacus
Works of Aristobulus of Cassandreia
Geographical work of Androsthenes of Thasos
Deeds of Alexander by Callisthenes (the official historian)
Personal Notebooks, or Hypomnemata, by Alexander himself (possibly inauthentic)
History of Alexander by Cleitarchus
On the empire of the Macedonians by Criton of Pieria
Histories (also listed as Macedonica and Hellenica) by Duris of Samos
Work of Ephippus of Olynthus
Works of Strattis of Olynthus
Work of Hagnothemis upon which Plutarch rested the belief that Antipater poisoned Alexander.
Work of Hieronymus of Cardia
On the education of Alexander and Macedonian history by Marsyas of Pella
Work of Medius of Larissa
Work of Nearchus, the primary source of Arrian's Indica
How Alexander was Educated and geographical works by Onesicritus
Work of Ptolemy I Soter
Work of Nicobule
History of Alexander by Timagenes
Historiae Philippicae by Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus
In 2023, researched with the help of Artificial intelligence managed to read a small part of a book from the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum which was heavily damaged in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It seems that it is a lost work which contains the names of a number of Macedonian dynasts and generals of Alexander and several mentions of Alexander himself.
Greek epigraphy
Decree of Philippi (ca.335-330 BC) Alexander arbitrates a boundary dispute between local Thracian tribes and the city of Philippi.
A dedicatory inscription to Apollo was found at Toumbes Kalamotou, Thessaloniki regional unit ; it records a list of priests of Asclepius who had fulfilled their duties from the time when King Alexandros gave Kalindoia and the villages around to Makedones.
A dedicatory inscription to Olympian Zeus by Philonides of Crete in which he is mentioned as King Alexandros' hemerodromos (cursor) and bematist of Asia.
Lindos Chronicle. King Alexandros having defeated Darius in battle and become lord kurios of Asia, sacrificed to Athena of Lindos. boukephala (ox-heads) and hopla (armour)
Antigonus (son of Callas) hetairos from Amphipolis, commemorates his victory in hoplite racing at Heraclean games after the Conquest of Tyrus.
Non-Greco-Roman sources
Babylonian Chronicles
Alexander Chronicle mentions the battle of Gaugamela and the incident of Bessus, who was pursued by Aliksandar.
Alexander and Arabia Chronicle refers to events concerning the last years of the King.
Zoroastrian texts
The Bible
Daniel 8:5–8 and 21–22 states that a King of Greece will conquer the Medes and Persians but then die at the height of his power and have his kingdom broken into four kingdoms. This is sometimes taken as a reference to Alexander.
Alexander is briefly mentioned in the first Book of the Maccabees. In chapter 1, verses 1–7 are about Alexander and serve as an introduction of the book. This explains how the Greek influence reached the Land of Israel at that time.
The Quran
There is evidence to suggest that orally transmitted legends about Alexander the Great found their way to the Quran. In the story of Dhu al-Qarnayn, "The Two-Horned One" (chapter al-Kahf, verse 83–94), Dhu al-Qarnayn is identified by most Western and traditional Muslim scholars as a reference to Alexander the Great.
References
Further reading
Historiography of Alexander the Great
Alexander |
33776007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Arias-Schreiber%20Pezet | Max Arias-Schreiber Pezet | Max Arias-Schreiber Pezet (January 3, 1923 – March 4, 2004) was a Peruvian lawyer and jurist. He was the Minister of Justice during the Fernando Belaunde presidency.
He was the first of three children of Max Arias Schreiber and his wife, Elvira Pezet Miró-Quesada, granddaughter of the former President Juan Antonio Pezet. He studied at Colegio Sagrados Corazones Recoleta (Lima) and Institut Le Rosey (Switzerland).
Lawyers from Lima
1923 births
2004 deaths
National University of San Marcos alumni
Academic staff of the National University of San Marcos
20th-century Peruvian lawyers
Peruvian Ministers of Justice
Alumni of Institut Le Rosey |
28343782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csob%C3%A1nc | Csobánc | Csobánc is a hill in the Tapolca Basin, Hungary.
Geography and environment
Csobánc is one of the highlights of the region. Similar to the other hills in the area, it is of volcanic origin. These hills are witness hills. The expression originates from the fact that these hills “witnessed” the decrease of the land surface level during volcanic activity millions of years ago. They preserve the original surface since the Pliocene period.
Protected natural assets
Csobánc is one of the unique and peculiar monadnocks of Tapolca Basin. It is a result of basalt volcanism 3.5 million years ago. Numerous rare habitats in need of protection have been preserved due to the relatively secluded and undisturbed area. The natural assets of Csobánc granted the hill increased protection from the Balaton Uplands National Park and the Bakony-Balaton Geopark.
Rock grasses
Relatively sheltered habitat due to its inaccessible location along the edges of the plateau. Sensitive to being disturbed and trodded on. Paragliding can be a great danger to the habitat and its characteristic species such as the northern rock-cress (Cardaminopsis petraea) and the unique livelong saxifrage (Saxifaga), both growing on the northern rock walls.
Steppe meadows and rocky outcrops
For their survival, these habitats are to be left undisturbed. On the south and the east sides of the hills stands of steep surfaces broken up by rocky outcrops are the most sensitive Pasque flower (Pulsatilla Grandis), Golden alyssum (Aurinia saxatilis), Prunus mahaleb, and the pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) bring more color into the landscape.
Detrital slope forests
The protective forests on the north side of the hill are highly sensitive, the associations living here need to remain intact. The stands consists of small-leaved lime (Tilla cordata), broad-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior). On the grass level a small population of Turk's cap lily (Lilium martagon) is present.
Birds
Bird species feeding, nesting, or potentially nesting on the hill are the common raven (Corvus corax), the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). They will only settle if their habitat is completely undisturbed in spring. Using the hill as a launch site can cause great damage to the hill's biodiversity.
Notable Sights
Castle ruins
The castle has been attacked by the Turks between 1554 and 1567.
Construction works began in 1255 for the first time. The Italian Rátóti Gyulaffy family owned the castle for more than 40 years. Csobánc fell under numerous unsuccessful Turkish sieges in the 16th century. In 1669 the Esterházy family took control over the castle. During the Rákóczi's War for Independence, the heroic Hungarian kuruc defenders were triumphantly able to manage resistance against immense Austrian-Danish united attacks in February 1707. The castle was first destroyed in the 18th century.
The Foundation for the Castle of Csobánc from the neighbouring village Gyulakeszi makes efforts to reconstruct the ruins of the castle. Cultural and historical programs such as riding shows, mediaeval knights in period dresses, Turkish belly dance etc. are offered to raise fund. The most significant festival, Gyulaffy Days (Gyulaffy napok ), is held annually.
The “Bad Church”
The Rossz-templom (“Bad Church”) is a 13th-century church that was left to decline after the population fled from the Ottomans.
Hiking the mountain
Two tourist paths lead from Tapolca-Diszel to the castle ruins that join together before the real climb. The track has green (L) waymarks.
The hill can be approached from two other villages as well, Gyulakeszi and Káptalantóti, however, they are much further.
Popular activities
Due to its thermodynamic features it is an ideal spot for paragliding and ultralight trikes, however, these activities are currently contentious since the hill is a natural preserve. Hiking and geocaching are also popular activities around the area.
References in literature
Poet - literary historian István Péter NÉMETH from Tapolca wrote several poems and articles on Csobánc, including “Greeting from Csobánc”, and “The Requiem of Csobánc”.
References
External links
Hills of Hungary |
4467603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ju%C3%A1rez%20Cartel | Juárez Cartel | The Juárez Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Juárez), also known as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the Mexico—U.S. border from El Paso, Texas. The cartel is one of several drug trafficking organizations that have been known to decapitate their rivals, mutilate their corpses and dump them in public places to instill fear not only in the general public but also in local law enforcement and their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel. Its current known leader is Juan Pablo Ledezma. The Juárez Cartel has an armed wing known as La Línea, a Juárez street gang that usually performs the executions and is now the cartel’s most powerful and leading faction. It also uses the Barrio Azteca gang to attack its enemies.
The Juárez Cartel was the dominant player in the center of the country, controlling a large percentage of the cocaine traffic from Mexico into the United States. The death of Amado Carrillo Fuentes in 1997 was the beginning of the decline of the Juárez cartel, as Carrillo relied on ties to Mexico's top-ranking drug interdiction officer, division general Jesús Gutiérrez Rebollo.
History
The cartel was founded around the 1970s.
When leader Pablo Acosta Villarreal was killed in April 1987 during a cross-border raid by Mexican Federal Police helicopters in the Rio Grande village of Santa Elena, Chihuahua, Rafael Aguilar Guajardo took his place along with Amado Carrillo Fuentes, nephew of Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo.
Guajardo was eventually betrayed and murdered by Amado in 1993 and Amado became the leader of Juarez. Amado brought his brothers and later his son into the business. After Amado died in 1997 following complications from plastic surgery, a brief turf war erupted over the control of the cartel, with Amado's brother, Vicente Carrillo Fuentes, becoming leader after defeating the Muñoz Talavera brothers.
Vicente Carrillo Fuentes then formed a partnership with Juan José Esparragoza Moreno, his brother Rodolfo Carrillo Fuentes, his nephew Vicente Carrillo Leyva, Ricardo Garcia Urquiza, and formed an alliance with other drug lords such as Ismael "Mayo" Zambada in Sinaloa and Baja California, the Beltrán Leyva brothers in Monterrey, and Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán in Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas.
When Vicente took control of the cartel, the organization was in flux. The death of Amado created a large power vacuum in the Mexican underworld. The Carrillo Fuentes brothers became the most powerful organization during the 1990s while Vicente was able to avoid direct conflict and increase the strength of the Juárez Cartel. The relationship between the Carrillo Fuentes clan and the other members of the organization grew unstable towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s. During the 1990s and early 2000s, drug lords from contiguous Mexican states forged an alliance that became known as 'The Golden Triangle Alliance' or 'La Alianza Triángulo de Oro' because of its three-state area of influence: Chihuahua, south of the U.S. state of Texas, Durango and Sinaloa. However, this alliance was broken after the Sinaloa Cartel drug lord, Guzmán, refused to pay the Juarez Cartel for the right to use some smuggling routes into the U.S.
In 2001, after Guzmán escaped from prison, many Juárez Cartel members defected to Guzmán's Sinaloa Cartel. In 2004, Vicente's brother was killed, allegedly by order of Guzmán. Vicente retaliated by assassinating Guzmán's brother in prison. This ignited a turf war between the two cartels, which was more or less put on hold from 2005 to 2006 because of the Sinaloa Cartel's war against the Gulf Cartel.
After the organization collapsed, some elements of it were incorporated into the Sinaloa Cartel, which absorbed much of the Juárez Cartel's former territory. The Juárez Cartel has been able to either corrupt or intimidate high-ranking officials in order to obtain information on law enforcement operatives and acquire protection from the police and judicial systems.
The Juárez cartel has been found to operate in 21 Mexican states. Its principal bases are Culiacán, Monterrey, Ciudad Juárez, Ojinaga, Mexico City, Guadalajara, Cuernavaca and Cancún. Members of the cartel were implicated in the serial murder site in Ciudad Juárez that was discovered in 2004 and has been dubbed the House of Death.
Since 2007, the Juárez Cartel has been locked in a vicious battle with its former partner, the Sinaloa Cartel, for control of Juárez. The fighting between them has left thousands dead in Chihuahua. The Juárez Cartel relies on two enforcement gangs to exercise control over both sides of the border: La Linea, a group of corrupt (current and former) Chihuahua police officers, is prevalent on the Mexican side, while the Barrio Azteca street gang operates in Mexico and in Texan cities such as El Paso, Dallas, and Houston, as well as in New Mexico and Arizona. On July 15, 2010, the Juárez Cartel escalated violence to a new level by using a car bomb to target federal police officers.
In September 2011 banners were displayed, publicizing the return of the extinct cartel. They were signed by Cesar "El Gato" Carrillo Leyva, who appears to be the son or a close relative of the late drug lord Amado Carrillo Fuentes.
Prior to 2012, the Juárez Cartel controlled one of the primary transportation routes for billions of dollars worth of illegal drug shipments annually entering the United States from Mexico. Since then, however, control of these areas has shifted to the Sinaloa Cartel. On September 1, 2013, the Mexican forces arrested Alberto Carrillo Fuentes, alias Betty la Fea ("Ugly Betty"), in the western state of Nayarit. He had taken the leadership of the organization in 2013 after his brother Vicente Carrillo Fuentes (fugitive until his arrest in October 2014) retired following a reported illness.
The Mexican government has auctioned off the villa of the late drug lord Amado Carrillo Fuentes.
The Mexico City home sold for more than $2m (£1.6m) and the proceeds will go to Mexico's public health service and its fight against coronavirus.
Current alliances
Since March 2010, it is alleged that the major cartels have aligned into two loosely allied factions, one integrated by the Juárez Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, Los Zetas, and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel; the other faction integrated by the Gulf Cartel, the Sinaloa Cartel and the now disbanded La Familia Cartel. In 2019, it was revealed that notorious Mexican drug lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman put a bounty on Juarez Cartel leader Juan Pablo Ledezma for ending the Juarez Cartel's alliance with his Sinaloa Cartel.
Decline
By 2018, the Juárez Cartel's power declined in its home region of Ciudad Juárez In June 2020, it was reported that La Línea was the Juárez Cartel's most powerful faction in Ciudad Juárez. However, Los Salazar, a powerful cell of the Sinaloa Cartel, had by this point managed to build a significant presence in Ciudad Juárez as well. The Jalisco New Generation Cartel also made its presence in Ciudad Juárez with its New Juarez Cartel, though it failed to deter the hold which La Linea and Los Salazar had over the Ciudad Juárez drug trafficking market as well.
Media portrayal
A fictional Juárez Cartel was featured battling a fictional Tijuana Cartel headed by a character named Obregon in the 2000 film Traffic.
A fictionalized version of the Juárez Cartel plays a major role in the AMC television series Breaking Bad (2008–2013) and its prequel Better Call Saul (2015–2022).
The origins of the Juárez Cartel and its former leaders have also been portrayed in the drama web series Narcos: Mexico (2018–2021).
The Australian ABC documentary La Frontera (2010) described the social impact of the cartel in the region.
A fictional Juarez Cartel appears in Tom Clancy's novel Against All Enemies (2011). It is secretly led by Mexican billionaire Jorge Rojas, who derived the name from its original founder Enrique Juarez. Juarez had established a pharmaceutical company in which Rojas is an investor. Rojas later arranged to produce black-market versions of pharmaceutical drugs, turning in more profit. After Juarez objected to the production, Rojas later had him killed in a skiing "accident" which allowed him to take over the company and turn it into a full-fledged drug cartel that made him one of the richest men in the world.
In the FX series The Bridge, the Juárez Cartel are the main antagonists of the series. In this series, the Juárez Cartel is led by Fausto Galvan (played by Ramón Franco), a powerful, violent and brutal Mexican drug kingpin, who does not arouse suspicion, has a store called El Rey Storage. In The Bridge, the main sicario of the Juárez Cartel is Hector Valdez (played by Arturo Del Puerto), known for his brutality against the targets of the Juarez Cartel.
See also
List of gangs in Mexico
Beltrán-Leyva Cartel
Gulf Cartel
Los Zetas
Tijuana Cartel
Amado Carrillo Fuentes
Vicente Carrillo Fuentes
List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords
References
External links
InSight Crime
Organizations established in the 1970s
1970s establishments in Mexico
Drug cartels in Mexico
Ciudad Juárez
Mexican drug war
Transnational organized crime
Organized crime groups in the United States
Gangs in Arizona
Gangs in New Mexico
Gangs in Oklahoma
Gangs in Texas |
1104395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anacapri | Anacapri | Anacapri () is a comune on the island of Capri, in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Italy.
Anacapri is located higher on the island than Capri (about higher on average)—the Ancient Greek prefix ana- meaning "up" or "above". Administratively, it maintains a separate status from the comune of Capri.
Anacapri is widely known for its picturesque, rural tranquility, broad views of the Bay of Naples, and significant historic sites, including Villa San Michele.
Overview
Bus and taxi services connect Marina Grande to Capri and Anacapri via the numerous hairpin turns of Via Giuseppe Orlandi.
A chairlift in Anacapri (seggiovia) connects Piazza Vittoria to the Monte Solaro, providing wide views of the south-facing coast.
Punta Carena Lighthouse is located from the main town.
French composer Claude Debussy named one of the pieces from his first book of preludes—No. 5, "Les collines d'Anacapri" ("The Hills of Anacapri")—in homage to the community.
Notable landmarks
Casa Caprile
Castello Barbarossa
Belvedere della Migliera (or Migliara)
Casa Rossa
Chiesa di San Michele
Chiesa di Santa Sofia
Eremo di Santa Maria a Cetrella
Le Boffe
Sentiero dei fortini
Phoenician Steps (Scala Fenicia)
Monte Solaro
Punta Carena Lighthouse
Casa Cernia di Luigi Cosenza
Villa Damecuta
Blue Grotto
Gallery
See also
Blue Grotto
City of Capri
Capri island
Forts of Capri
References
Cities and towns in Campania
Capri, Campania |
25518936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Driver | Phil Driver | Philip Anthony Driver (born 10 August 1959) in Huddersfield, England, is an English retired professional footballer who played as a winger for Wimbledon and Chelsea in the Football League.
Driver was a keen amateur cricketer and played minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire from 1983 to 1986, making seventeen appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and two appearances in the MCCA Knockout Trophy.
References
External links
St Albans City F.C. Statistics
1959 births
Living people
Cricketers from Huddersfield
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Bedford Town F.C. players
Wimbledon F.C. players
Chelsea F.C. players
St Albans City F.C. players
English Football League players
Maidstone United F.C. (1897) players
English cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers |
52635287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo%20Allende | Marcelo Allende | Marcelo Iván Allende Bravo (born 7 April 1999) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Premier Soccer League side Mamelodi Sundowns and the Chile national team. Allende captained Chile at the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup, being the team's top goalscorer in the tournament and was considered to be one of the top youth prospects in Chilean football.
Club career
Allende started his youth career at Cobreloa. After Chile's participation in the U-17 World Cup, he caught the interest of Colo-Colo and Universidad de Chile for his signature, although neither move materialized.
In 2016, the player transferred to Deportes Santa Cruz of the Segunda División de Chile in order to gain more playing time, making his debut against Naval. In his second season at the team, he scored his first senior goal against Melipilla, and became a regular starter, finishing the campaign with four goals.
Allende had a two-month trial with English club Arsenal, featuring for their under-19 team at the Durban International Cup. The team won the competition, and the player was invited to further trials with the club. In April 2017, following a third trial, the English tabloid press reported that Arsenal had offered Allende a professional contract.
Necaxa
With this being so on 7 September 2017 Allende signed up with Mexican side Necaxa, with the intention of rejoining the club in 2018 while remaining on loan with Santa Cruz.
Mamelodi Sundowns
On 24 August 2022, Allende was announced as new player of South African club Mamelodi Sundowns and made his debut in the same day scoring a goal versus Stellebosch.
International career
On 15 June 2015, Allende made his debut for Chile U-17 in a friendly defeat against Paraguay. He was later selected on the list of players that would take part in the tournament, held on home soil. He was a starter on Chile's four matches at the U-17 World Cup, netting against Nigeria and the United States.
On 16 October 2016, Allende made his debut for the Chile U-20 in a friendly win against Paraguay U-20 adding another cap against Ecuador U-20, but was ultimately left out of the final squad for the 2017 South American Youth Football Championship. He scored his first goal for the U20's on 10 August 2017, in a friendly win against Japan.
At under-20 level, Allende represented Chile in both the 2018 South American Games, winning the gold medal, and the 2019 South American Championship.
Allende made his debut for Chile national team on 11 December 2021 in a 1–0 win over El Salvador.
National team
Under 17
Participation in World Cups
Statistics
Updated to last played match: 19 May 2017.
Honours
Arsenal
Durban International Cup: Winner – 2016.
Necaxa
Copa MX: Clausura 2018
Supercopa MX: 2018
Chile U20
South American Games Gold medal: 2018
References
External links
Marcelo Allende at playmakerstats.com (English version of ceroacero.es)
1999 births
Living people
Footballers from Santiago
Chilean men's footballers
Chilean expatriate men's footballers
Chile men's youth international footballers
Chile men's under-20 international footballers
Chile men's international footballers
Deportes Santa Cruz footballers
Club Necaxa footballers
Deportes Magallanes footballers
Montevideo City Torque players
Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. players
Segunda División Profesional de Chile players
Liga MX players
Primera B de Chile players
Uruguayan Primera División players
South African Premier Division players
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in England
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Uruguay
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in Uruguay
Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Men's association football midfielders
South American Games gold medalists for Chile
South American Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 2018 South American Games |
15226674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEX3B | MEX3B | RNA-binding protein MEX3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEX3B gene.
References
Further reading |
1929986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenodontidae | Sphenodontidae | Sphenodontidae is a family within the reptile group Rhynchocephalia, comprising taxa most closely related to the living tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). Historically the taxa included within Sphenodontidae have varied greatly between analyses, and the group has lacked a formal definition. Cynosphenodon from the Early Jurassic of Mexico has consistently been recovered as a close relative of the tuatara in most analyses, with the clade containing the two often called Sphenodontinae. The herbivorous Eilenodontinae, otherwise considered part of Opisthodontia, is also sometimes considered part of this family as the sister group to Sphenodontinae. Sphenodontines first appeared during the Early Jurassic, and are characterised by a complete lower temporal bar caused by the fusion of the quadrate/quadratojugal and the jugal, which was an adaptation for reducing stress in the skull during hard biting. Like modern tuatara, members of Sphenodontinae were likely generalists with a carnivorous/insectivorous diet.
References
Sphenodontia
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
Reptile families
Extant Early Jurassic first appearances
Toarcian first appearances |
6327726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20code%20574 | Area code 574 | Area code 574 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the northern part of the U.S. state of Indiana. It was created in a three-way area code split from area code 219 in 2002.
History
In 1947, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) published the first configuration of proposed numbering plan areas (NPAs) for a new nationwide numbering and toll call routing system. Indiana was divided to receive two area codes. Area code 317 served the northern two-thirds of Indiana, while area code 812 served the southern third. In the first change of the original plan in 1948, 317 was cut back to central Indiana, while the northern third of Indiana, including Gary, Hammond, East Chicago, South Bend, Elkhart and Fort Wayne, received area code 219.
The northern third of Indiana was served by area code 219 for 54 years. By the end of the 20th century, 219 was on the verge of exhaustion of central office prefixes. It was decided to implement a three-way split of the 219 territory. As the result of a random drawing, the middle portion, surrounding South Bend, received area code 574. The eastern portion (Fort Wayne) became area code 260, while Northwest Indiana retained 219. The area codes split on January 15, 2002, with permissive dialing continuing until June 14, 2002.
Prior to October 2021, area code 574 had telephone numbers assigned for the central office code 988. In 2020, 988 was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which created a conflict for exchanges that permit seven-digit dialing. This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to ten-digit dialing by October 24, 2021.
References
574
574 |
24505449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnopilus%20velatus | Gymnopilus velatus | Gymnopilus velatus is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was given its current name by American mycologist Murrill in 1917.
See also
List of Gymnopilus species
References
External links
Gymnopilus velatus at Index Fungorum
velatus
Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck |
13665864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Cogley | Nick Cogley | Nickolas P. J. Cogley (May 4, 1869 – May 20, 1936) was an American actor, director and writer of the silent films. He appeared in more than 170 films between 1909 and 1934.
Biography
Cogley was born in New York, New York. He attended St. Francis Xavier College in New York.
Cogley appeared in blackface in some of his roles. For example, in the Civil War film The Coward (1915) he played "A Negro Servant," and in Toby's Bow (1919) he portrayed the black servant "Uncle Toby" that gives the film its name. The use of blackface was not unusual in American silent films, and did not disappear until the 1930s when public sensibilities regarding race began to change and blackface became increasingly associated with racism and bigotry.
On stage, Cogley acted at New York's Lyceum Theatre for 25 years. He died in Santa Monica, California, following surgery.
Partial filmography
The Sanitarium (1910)
The New Superintendent (1911)
The Count of Monte Cristo (1912)
Mabel's New Hero (1913)
The Paymaster's Son (1913)
A Noise from the Deep (1913)
The Bangville Police (1913)
That Ragtime Band (1913)
Murphy's I.O.U. (1913)
The Gangsters (1913)
Passions, He Had Three (1913)
Help! Help! Hydrophobia! (1913)
Peeping Pete (1913)
A Bandit (1913)
The Gypsy Queen (1913)
Mother's Boy (1913)
Two Old Tars (1913)
The Woman Haters (1913)
In the Clutches of the Gang (1914)
Tillie's Punctured Romance (1914) as Keystone Cop Desk Sergeant (uncredited)
Love, Loot and Crash (1915)
The Coward (1915)
A La Cabaret (1916)
Hearts and Sparks (1916)
A Dash of Courage (1916)
Stars and Bars (1917)
Madam Who? (1918)
Maid o' the Storm (1918)
Inside the Lines (1918)
Sis Hopkins (1919)
Toby's Bow (1919)
Jes' Call Me Jim (1920)
Guile of Women (1921)
Beating the Game (1921)
The Old Nest (1921) as Uncle Ned
An Unwilling Hero as
One Clear Call (1922)
The Marriage Chance (1922)
Restless Souls (1922)
Desire (1923)
Crinoline and Romance (1923)
The Dramatic Life of Abraham Lincoln (1924)
Hey! Hey! Cowboy (1927)
The Missing Link (1927)
The Heart of Maryland (1927)
In Old Kentucky (1927)
Abie's Irish Rose (1928)
Treason (1933)
References
External links
1869 births
1936 deaths
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Male actors from New York (state)
20th-century American male actors |
25954264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirdop%20copper%20smelter%20and%20refinery | Pirdop copper smelter and refinery | Pirdop copper smelter and refinery is the biggest facility for smelting and refining of copper in South-Eastern Europe. The factory is situated between the towns of Pirdop and Zlatitsa in the Sofia Province, western Bulgaria. The plant, which was founded in 1958, had an initial annual capacity of 160,000 tons, which has been expanded to 340,000 tons at present.
In addition, it produces 830,000 tons of sulphuric acid and small amounts of silver, gold and selenium. The number of employees is 800.
The main chimney of the smelter is 325.4 metres tall, 0.4 metres taller than the Maritza East power stations chimneys and 2 metres taller than the Eiffel tower.
Corporate history
The plant was founded in 1958. In 1997, the company was sold to Cumerio a company from Belgium for US$80 million becoming Cumerio Med; at the time it was Bulgaria's largest copper smelting company producing around 240,000 tonnes of smelted copper and around 60,000 tonnes of copper cathodes each year. In 2007, the company was bought by German company Norddeutsche Affinerie (now Aurubis).
See also
List of tallest structures in Bulgaria
References
External links
Former website
Metal companies of Bulgaria
Chimneys in Bulgaria
Buildings and structures in Sofia Province |
57344333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exitianus%20exitiosus | Exitianus exitiosus | Exitianus exitiosus, the gray lawn leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper in the family Cicadellidae.
Subspecies
These two subspecies belong to the species Exitianus exitiosus:
Exitianus exitiosus angustatus DeLong & Hershberger 1947
Exitianus exitiosus pallidens DeLong & Hershberger 1947
References
External links
Chiasmini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1880 |
39227394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritan | Tritan | Tritan may refer to:
Tritan Shehu (born 1954), Albanian politician
A tradename for tritan copolyester owned by Eastman Chemical Company
A fictional robot in the Tobot animated series
A type of blue-yellow color blindness, comprising tritanomaly and tritanopia
See also
Tristan (disambiguation)
Triton (disambiguation) |
6224113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mary%20Cathedral%20Basilica%20%28Galveston%2C%20Texas%29 | St. Mary Cathedral Basilica (Galveston, Texas) | St. Mary Cathedral Basilica, also known as St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica, is a Catholic church situated in Galveston, Texas. It is the primary cathedral of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston and the mother church of the Catholic Church in Texas, as well as a minor basilica. Along with the Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Houston, St. Mary's serves more than 1.5 million Catholics living in the archdiocese.
History
In 1840, the Rev. John Timon, the newly appointed Apostolic Prefect of Texas, named fellow Vincentian priest Rev. John Odin, C.M., to be the resident Vice-Prefect of Texas. Fr. Odin embarked from New Orleans on a schooner bound for the Texas coast, arriving in Galveston early in 1841. There he found a community of Catholics eager to build a church for their small congregation.
In the months that followed, Father Odin procured enough money to begin construction of a wooden-frame church. He was assisted in this venture by Colonel Michael B. Menard and Dr. Nicholas Labadie, prominent Galvestonians. Colonel Menard is to be remembered as one of the founders of the City of Galveston.
On February 6, 1842, one month before his consecration as a bishop, Odin dedicated the completed structure to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The small, rectangular building measured . Odin, now the Apostolic Vicar of Texas, purchased a five-room cottage as the episcopal residence. He made an addition to the church structure of a small sacristy, and bought thirty benches for the convenience of his parishioners.
In 1845, Bishop Odin purchased 500,000 bricks from Belgium, which were shipped to Galveston as ballast. He would use the bricks in the construction of his dream: a larger, permanent church. The little frame church was moved out into the street, and work on the new St. Mary's began in 1847. The ceremony of laying the cornerstone took place on Sunday, March 14. Father Timon came to Galveston for the event and preached the sermon before a large crowd. On May 4, 1847, Pope Pius IX approved the establishment of the Diocese of Galveston and named Odin as its first bishop.
On November 26, 1848, the cathedral was ready for dedication. Once more Father John Timon was chosen as the principal speaker because of his close association with, and his pioneer work in, the diocese.
The cathedral basilica is notable as being one of the few buildings in Galveston that survived the devastating 1900 Galveston hurricane with only minimal damage.
Due to the tremendous growth in the City of Houston, in 1959 the Most Reverend Wendelin J. Nold, fifth bishop of the diocese, asked that the diocese be re-designated the Diocese of Galveston-Houston. This created a co-capital or "see" city in Houston, and Sacred Heart Church in Houston was named the "co-cathedral" of the diocese. This did not change the status of Galveston as a see city nor St. Mary Cathedral's place in the diocese. Since St. Mary Cathedral was the first Catholic cathedral in the state of Texas, and the original Diocese of Galveston encompassed the entire state, it has the distinction of being the mother church of all the Catholic dioceses in Texas.
St. Mary Cathedral was named a Texas state historic landmark in 1968 and a national historic landmark in 1973. In 1979, in recognition of the cathedral's importance to the community and the state of Texas, as well as the historical impact it had on Catholicism in the state of Texas, Pope John Paul II elevated St. Mary Cathedral to the status of a minor basilica.
The basilica today
The cathedral basilica sustained significant water damage during Hurricane Ike in 2008 and was closed for repairs until Easter 2014.
In 2009, the archdiocese appointed a director of special projects to oversee the cathedral basilica's restoration. As of July 2012, the roof was replaced, the pews were rebuilt and refinished, steel armature reinforcements were added to the two front spires, the confessionals and Stations of the Cross were refinished, and exterior masonry repairs, coating and chemical remediation had all been completed. A new concrete substructure was being built to support the floor, which is currently supported by the original wooden beams that were installed when the cathedral basilica was constructed in 1847.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Galveston County, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Galveston County
List of Catholic cathedrals in the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States
References
External links
Official Cathedral Site
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston Official Site
Mary's Cathedral, Galveston
Mary Galveston
Cathedral St. Mary's
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Galveston County, Texas
1847 establishments in Texas
Churches in Galveston, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks |
7830386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarapada%20Roy | Tarapada Roy | Tarapada Ray () was a Bengali writer of poems, short stories, and essays. He is especially known for his satirical sense of humour. He was born on 17 November 1936 in Tangail, now in Bangladesh. He lived in Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal until his death on 25 August 2007.
He had his schooling in Bangladesh where he passed his matriculation from Bindubasini High English School. In 1951, he came to Calcutta to attend college. He studied economics in Central Calcutta College (presently Maulana Azad College). For a time he taught in a school in Habra in North 24 Parganas.
Apart from numerous short stories and essays (mostly satirical), he wrote many poems as well. His first collection of poems, "Tomar Pratima" was published in 1960. He also wrote several short shorties commemorating his childhood days spent in East Bengal (Bangladesh). Among his most important works are novel like Charabari Porabari and travelogue like Neel Digante Tokhon Magic. He died on 25 August 2007. He was survived by a son and his wife. He was suffering from kidney failure for the last few months. He was so enthusiastic about writing, that it was reported that he even wrote several pieces from his hospital.
Tarapada had close friendship with Hollywood actor Wallace Shawn and famous author Deborah Eisenberg.
Selected bibliography
Kandogyan
Bidda Buddhi
Bhadralok(gentleman)
Mandhata
Buddhishuddhi
Gyan gomyi
Dodo tatai palakahini
Swanirbachita Tarapada Roy
Chilam bhalobashar neel potakatole shadhin
Charabari Porabari
Balish
Poem Collection
Tomar protima - 1960
Chhiam Bhalobasar Nil Patatae Swadhin - 1967
Kothay Jachchhen Tarapada Babu - 1970
Neel Digante Ekhon Magic - 1974
Pata O Pakhider Alochana - 1975
Bhaobasar Kabita - 1977
Daridrarekha - 1986
Durbhikker Kabita
Jaler Moto Kabita - 1992
Din Ani Din Khai - 1994
Tubeshishur Baba - 1995
Bhalo Achho Garib Manus - 2001
Kobi O Parashini - 2002
Awards
Shiromani award
Katha award (1995)
Bengali writers
Tangail District
1936 births
2007 deaths
Maulana Azad College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Writers from Kolkata |
57296807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour%20of%20Charm%20Orchestra | Hour of Charm Orchestra | The Hour of Charm Orchestra was an American musical group led by Phil Spitalny. Popular in the 1930s and 1940s, it was an all-female orchestra in an era when most orchestra members were male. The group was also known as Phil Spitalny's All-Girl Orchestra.
Background
Inspired by witnessing a 1932 concert that featured "an electrifying performance by a brilliant female violinist," Spitalny disbanded a male orchestra that he directed and began a tour of the United States, seeking female musicians for a new orchestra. His expenditure of $40,000 and auditions of 1,500 women produced a 32-member orchestra that debuted at the Capitol Theatre in New York City in 1934. The musicians usually ranged in age from 17 to 30, and most were single.
A retrospective newspaper article about Spitalny published in 1958 noted "ridicule from all sides in show business and ... sour comments from his musician brothers that he was 'crazy'" as he created "the first all-girl band of any consequence ever organized."
Style
The orchestra's specialty was music familiar to its audiences. In an article in the January 7, 1945, issue of Radio Life magazine, Spitalny described the group's style as "between symphonic and popular." Arrangements, which were done by three members of the orchestra, usually featured piano, harp, and strings more than saxophones, trombones, and trumpets. Sherrie Tucker, in her book, Swing Shift: “All-Girl” Bands of the 1940s, described "the orchestra's trademark effects of quivering strings, dramatic brass fanfares, galloping rhythms, and sweeping flurries from the harp."
Spitalny stressed class and decorum in the group's performances, in contrast to the "blatant sex appeal" of a contemporary all-female orchestra, Ina Ray Hutton's Melodears. He required the musicians to dress in formal evening gowns. The dresses, usually white, were uniform in design. The purchase of one lot of dresses in the mid-1940s cost $18,000.
Personnel
Nearly all of the musicians were single, and their contracts required them to give six months' notice if they planned to marry. Most of them were graduates of conservatories. Versatility was a key element of the orchestra. Some members sang solos, and all of them formed a vocal chorus. Each was proficient on at least two instruments; one, Jan Baker, could play 12.
Evelyn Kaye, whom Spitalny met at the Juilliard School in New York, became the orchestra's first violinist and concertmistress. She joined him on the audition tour, seeking other members for the group. She was billed as "Evelyn and Her Magic Violin", with the violin being a Bergonzi. made in 1756 and given to her as an award from the Arts Club of America upon her graduation from Juilliard.
The core orchestra that played in the studio for radio broadcasts consisted of 45 women. On tour, however, Kaye noted in a 1978 interview, "we added 25 players because we needed a bigger sound for the auditoriums and halls where we played.".
Spitalny had a policy of billing the orchestra's members only by first name.
Organization
The orchestra was set up as a stock company, with each member owning a number of shares of stock based on her role. At year's end, profits were distributed based on each person's shares in addition to their regular salaries. A five-woman committee governed the group, making decisions on matters such as whether or not members were allowed to go out on dates.
Film
Spitalny and the musicians from The Hour of Charm appeared in two feature films. In When Johnny Comes Marching Home (1942), the group portrayed substitute musicians who filled in for male musicians who were abroad during World War II. In Here Come the Co-Eds (1945), the women portrayed residents of a girls' dormitory who played and sang music.
The group also made short subjects, mostly for Universal Pictures -- "more short subject films than any other all-girl band except for Ina Ray Hutton and her Melodears." The productions included Moments of Charm (1939), Musical Charmers (1936), Big City Fantasy (1934) and Phil Spitalny and His Musical Queens (1934).
Critical reception
Paul Denis, in a review published in the October 25, 1941, issue of the trade publication Billboard, noted that the orchestra's performance at the Strand Theatre in New York, was "strong on fine melodious singing and instrumental music, but weak on comedy and surprise."
Recognition
In 1937, the Radio Committee of the Women's National Exposition of Arts and Industries recognized the orchestra with its third annual Achievement Award for the most distinguished work of women in radio.
References
External links
The Hour of Charm Orchestra plays People Will Say We're in Love from The Army-Navy Screen Magazine Number 22
Recordings by The Hour of Charm Orchestra from the Internet Archive
Musical groups established in 1934
Big bands
1934 establishments in New York City |
12126488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneke%20van%20Giersbergen%20%28band%29 | Anneke van Giersbergen (band) | Anneke van Giersbergen & Agua de Annique was the solo project of the former The Gathering vocalist, Anneke van Giersbergen.
History
The project was announced on 5 June 2007, the same day that both The Gathering and Anneke van Giersbergen issued separate announcements that van Giersbergen would leave the band in August.
Air and Pure Air (2007–2008)
She and her new bandmates laid down some basic tracks for the first album at the Waterfront Studios in Rotterdam and recorded overdubs at The Void in Eindhoven, as well as in her own home studio. Several of these songs were made available on the band's official web site. A track, "Ice Water", has been said to feature a string arrangement by Jeffrey Fayman. Additional vocals for the track "Lost and Found" were done by Kristin Fjellseth, who also wrote the track "Sunken Soldiers Ball". Heleen de Witte is said to play flute on unspecified tracks while Timothy Conroy provides some trumpet work. They released their first album called Air at the end of 2007, mixed by Jon Anders Narum.
For the week ending 2 July 2009, Pure Air (a compilation of tracks from Air but also of songs featuring Anneke with other artists like Within Temptation) entered the GfK Dutch Charts at No.42 during the first week of release, her highest ever chart position.
In Your Room (2009–2010)
A second album, titled In Your Room, was released on 30 October 2009. Under the name Anneke van Giersbergen & Agua de Annique, they released the concert album Live in Europe in 2010.
Anneke van Giersbergen's solo career (2011–present)
In 2011, Anneke signed to PIAS Records as a solo artist. Her debut album under her own name, Everything Is Changing, was released on 20 January 2012.
Line-up
Last line-up
Anneke van Giersbergen - lead vocals, rhythm guitar (2007-2011), keyboards, piano (2007-2009)
Rob Snijders - drums (2007-2011)
Annelies Kuijsters - keyboards, piano, backing vocals (2009-2011)
Joost van Haaren - bass (2010-2011)
Thomas Martens - lead guitar (2010-2011)
Former Members
Jacques de Haard - bass (2007-2010)
Joris Dirks - lead guitar, backing vocals (2007-2009)
Touring Members
Ruud Jolie - lead guitar (2010)
Discography
Albums
Air (2007)
Pure Air (2009)
In Your Room (2009)
Live in Europe (2010, live album)
Singles
Day After Yesterday (2007) - includes "Witnesses"
Come Wander with Me (2008)
The Blower's Daughter (2009)
Hey Okay! (2009)
Sunny Side Up (2010)
References
External links
Interview with Anneke van Giersbergen
Agua De Annique Interview
Sounds 2 Move Interview "deutsch"
Agua de Annique in Lebanon Event Review
Official websites
Official site
MySpace profile
Dutch alternative rock groups
Musical groups from North Brabant
Oss |
46272996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Metz%20Baer | John Metz Baer | John Baer is a Professor of Educational Psychology at Rider University in New Jersey. He earned his B.A. from Yale University (double major, psychology and Japanese Studies, magna cum laude) and his Ph.D. in cognitive and developmental psychology from Rutgers University.
His research on the development of creativity and his teaching have won national awards, including the American Psychological Association's Berlyne Prize and the National Conference on College Teaching and Learning’s Award for Innovative Excellence. His primary research focus is the domain specificity of creativity, which argues that creativity is not a general set of skills but rather that creative-thinking skills vary by domain, making creativity in one domain not predictive of creativity in other domains. He developed the Amusement Park Theory of creativity (with James C. Kaufman)
His books include There's No Such Thing as Creativity: How Plato and 20th Century Psychology Have Misled Us (Cambridge University Press, 2022), Domain Specificity of Creativity (Academic Press/Elsevier; 2016), Teaching for Creativity in the Common Core Classroom (with R. A. Beghetto & James C. Kaufman; Teachers College Press, 2015), Being Creative Inside and Outside the Classroom (with James C. Kaufman; Sense Publishers, 2003), Creativity and Divergent Thinking: A Task-Specific Approach (Erlbaum, 1993), Creative Teachers, Creative Students (Allyn and Bacon, 1997), Creativity Across Domains: Faces of the Muse (with James C. Kaufman; Erlbaum, 2005), Reason and Creativity in Development (with James C. Kaufman; Cambridge University Press, 2008); Are We Free? Psychology and Free Will (with James C. Kaufman & Roy Baumeister; Oxford University Press, 2005), Essentials of Creativity Assessment (with James C. Kaufman and Jonathan A. Plucker; Wiley, 2008), and Creatively Gifted Students Are Not Like Other Gifted Students (with K. H. Kim, James C. Kaufman, & B. Sriraman; Sense Publishers, 2013). He also collaborated with A. J. Lemaster in the development of the modern shorthand program SuperWrite.
He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, and he has received research grants from the National Science Foundation, the Educational Testing Service, the National Center for Educational Statistics, the Carnegie Foundation, and Yale, Rutgers, and Rider Universities. He serves on the editorial boards of the Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts; the Journal of Creative Behavior; and the International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving.
References
External links
personal website at Rider
Yale College alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Rider University faculty
Fellows of the American Psychological Association
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American educational psychologists |
45507580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Jew%20of%20Mogadore | The Jew of Mogadore | The Jew of Mogadore is an 1808 comic opera written by the British dramatist Richard Cumberland.
Cumberland had previously written a successful, sympathetic play The Jew about a Jewish moneylender. However The Jew of Mogadore met with critical hostility when it opened at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. The title character is a merchant operating out of Mogadore on the Moroccan coast.
References
Bibliography
Schroeter, Daniel J. The Sultan's Jew: Morocco and the Sephardi World. Stanford University Press, 2002.
1808 operas
English comic operas
English-language operas
Plays by Richard Cumberland |
4936390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20Festival%20Theatre | Edinburgh Festival Theatre | The Edinburgh Festival Theatre (originally Empire Palace Theatre and later shortened to Empire Theatre) is a performing arts venue located on Nicolson Street in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is used primarily for performances of opera and ballet, large-scale musical events, and touring groups. After its most recent renovation in 1994, it seats 1,915. It is one of the major venues of the annual summer Edinburgh International Festival and is the Edinburgh venue for the Scottish Opera and the Scottish Ballet.
Theatre background and history
The present theatre's location is Edinburgh's longest continuous theatre site, for there has been a theatre in that location since 1830. From being Dunedin Hall, the Royal Amphitheatre, Alhambra Music Hall, the Queen's Theatre, Pablo Fanque's Amphitheatre, and Newsome's Circus, the site became the Empire Palace Theatre, the first of the famous Moss Empires’ chain, opening on 7 November 1892. Designed by the great British theatre architect, Frank Matcham, (who built the London Coliseum, among others) its décor was lavish, with elephants with Nubian riders, nymphs and cherubs in abundance on the plasterwork, and it seated 3000 people on four levels.
1911 fire
For the following twenty years all the top artists of the day played at the Empire Palace until, on 9 May 1911, there was a disastrous fire on stage. While all 3000 theatre goers escaped safely in about 2.5 minutes, there were eleven backstage deaths, including illusionist Sigmund Neuberger, who was then taking his final bow as The Great Lafayette; his body double; and the lion from his act. Film of the aftermath of the fire is held by the National Library of Scotland. The theatre reopened three months after the fire.
Popular performers
Nevertheless, given the long term competition from the growth of film as a popular medium, the theatre had to be re-equipped to present bigger and more spectacular shows. Reusing some of Matcham's original design concepts, the theatre reopened on 1 October 1928 with the first production, the musical Show Boat. Between 1928 and 1963 the Empire was a variety, musical and opera house, often including ice shows.
Big names like Harry Lauder, Charles Laughton, Fats Waller, Joe Loss, and Laurel and Hardy appeared, while English comedians Max Wall, Morecambe and Wise and Harry Worth established themselves at the Empire.
In addition to the music hall and popular entertainers who appeared at the Empire, the theatre became a principal venue of the Edinburgh International Festival between 1947 and 1963. It was particularly associated with international ballet and, during the first Festival in 1947, Margot Fonteyn danced in The Sleeping Beauty, while in subsequent years, performances by the Old Vic theatre company, the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera were presented.
However, for nearly thirty years after 1963 the theatre became a bingo hall, only temporarily serving as a Festival venue. In the early 1970s the venue shortened its name to simply the Empire Theatre and hosted live music events. Bands did not appear until after 11pm - once the bingo players had gone. Emerson, Lake & Palmer (18 December 1971),
Free (14 September 1972), Wishbone Ash (9 December 1972) and Focus (11 May 1973) were among the acts appearing. Finally, after its third major remodeling, the Empire Theatre reopened in June 1994 with a glass-fronted structure for the new entrance (created by Law & Dunbar-Nasmith Architects), as the now-renamed Edinburgh Festival Theatre. In 1997, the theatre manager and artistic director Stephen Barry was appointed to shape the rejuvenated venue's future. With the restoration of the Empire Theatre's former 1928 glory, plus a dramatic mix of art nouveau, beaux arts and neo-classicism, and including adequate acoustics, the new theatre serves the artistic needs of the community.
Duncan Hendry, Chief Executive 2012-2019 of Festival City Theatres Trust, which later became Capital Theatres from 2012 to 2019 brought National Theatre productions such as War Horse and [Hamilton_(musical)] to The Festival Theatre for the first time. He persuaded Cameron Macintosh to bring shows such as Miss Saigon, Mary Poppins, Les Misérables there too.
Westlife lead vocalist Shane Filan played at the theatre as a solo artist in 2017.
Legend
The theatre is said to be haunted by a tall, dark stranger rumoured to be the famous illusionist Sigmund Neuberger, a.k.a. The Great Lafayette, who was one of those who burned to death in the fire at the Empire in 1911.
References
External links
Edinburgh Festival Theatre Official Website
The Festival Theatre on Arthur Lloyd website
Opera houses in Scotland
Theatre in Scotland
Festival Theatre
Category B listed buildings in Edinburgh
Reportedly haunted locations in Edinburgh
Theatres completed in 1892
1830 establishments in Scotland |
124829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywood%20City%2C%20Missouri | Haywood City, Missouri | Haywood City is a village in Scott County, Missouri, United States. The population was 206 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 206 people, 71 households, and 50 families living in the village. The population density was . There were 82 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 5.34% White, 90.29% Black or African American, 0.97% from other races, and 3.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.46% of the population.
There were 71 households, of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.8% were married couples living together, 29.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.6% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.46.
The median age in the village was 34 years. 30.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.5% were from 25 to 44; 29.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 239 people, 81 households, and 57 families living in the village. The population density was . There were 92 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 4.18% White, 94.98% African American, and 0.84% from two or more races.
There were 81 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 29.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.28.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 40.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.1 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $14,000, and the median income for a family was $20,833. Males had a median income of $22,000 versus $17,083 for females. The per capita income for the village was $7,553. About 34.4% of families and 36.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.5% of those under the age of eighteen and 72.0% of those 65 or over.
References
Villages in Scott County, Missouri
Villages in Missouri |
52980188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Phillips%20%28priest%29 | Thomas Phillips (priest) | Thomas Phillips (5 July 1708, Ickford, Buckinghamshire – 16 June 1774, Liège) was an English Jesuit priest, known as the biographer of Reginald Cardinal Pole.
Life
Phillips was the great-nephew of William Joyner, a prominent Catholic convert, whose sister, Mary, married an attorney, Thomas Phillips; the couple had a daughter, and a son, Thomas, who converted to Roman Catholicism. He, in turn, married Elizabeth Crosse, daughter of Johnshall Crosse of Bledlow, and they had nine children (eight sons and one daughter), including Thomas Phillips, the Jesuit priest and biographer.
Phillips's early schooling was Protestant, after which he was sent to the College of St Omer. When he had completed his course of rhetoric he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus at Watten on 7 September 1726, and made the simple vows of the Society on 8 September 1728. He was then moved to the English College, Liège for his three-year course of philosophy.
Soon after Phillip's admission to holy orders his father died, leaving him independently wealthy. He travelled through the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Italy, visiting universities, and forming friendships. During the third year of his philosophical course, on 17 July 1731, he made a voluntary renunciation of his property to the college at Liège and the provincial, the Rev John Turberville. In the second year of his course of theology he sought permission to conduct a course of humanities at St Omer, against the requirement of the Society to accept assignments, and he was turned down. On 4 July 1733 he withdrew from the Society.
Phillips then went to Rome, where Henry Sheldon, rector of the English College, Rome, introduced him to Charles Edward Stuart, who found for him an appointment as a canon at Tongres (1 September 1739), with a dispensation to serve on the English mission. Returning to England, he officiated as chaplain to George Talbot, 14th Earl of Shrewsbury, at Heythrop Park from 1739 to 1753. He then served as chaplain to Sir Richard Acton, 5th Baronet at Aldenham Park, Shropshire; and subsequently (1763–65) to Robert Berkeley of Spetchley Park, Worcestershire. Eventually he returned to Liège, where he was readmitted to the Society of Jesus on 16 June 1768. He died there in July 1774.
Works
Phillips's major work was The History of the Life of Cardinal Pole (1764). His object in it was to give an account of the Council of Trent from a Roman Catholic point of view.
There were many Protestant replies. Thomas Secker, at that time Archbishop of Canterbury, saw it as an attack on the Protestant Reformation; and Gloucester Ridley wrote a Review (1766) reflecting Secker's opinion.
Other responses came from Timothy Neve, John Jortin, Edward Stone and Richard Tillard. William Cole's unpublished Observations on answers to Phillips's book, and correspondence with the author, went to the British Museum. Phillips himself appended An Answer to the principal Objections to his Study of Sacred Literature (1765). He responded to the 1766 Animadversions by Neve, who had defended the characters of Protestant reformers, in later editions of the History.
The biography stayed near to its sources, particularly Angelo Maria Quirini, but also Ludovico Beccadelli and Andreas Dudith. Critics have considered that Phillips rearranged Quirini, coming close to plagiarism.
Other works were:
To the Right Reverend and Religious Dame Elizabeth Phillips on her entering the Religious Order of St. Benet, in the Convent of English Dames of the same Order at Gant, privately printed, sine loco [1748?], and addressed to his sister. Reprinted in the European Magazine, September 1796, and in the Catholic Magazine and Review, Birmingham, March 1833.
A Letter to a Student at a Foreign University on the Study of Divinity, by "T. P. s. c. t." (i.e. senior canon of Tongres), London, 1756; 2nd edit. 1758; 3rd edit., London, 1765. The third edition is entitled The Study of Sacred Literature fully stated and considered, in a Discourse to a Student in Divinity.
Philemon, privately printed, sine loco, 1761—a pamphlet suppressed by the author containing incidents in his early life.
Censura Commentariorum Cornelii à Lapide, in Latin, on a single sheet.
A metrical translation of the Lauda Sion Salvatorem, beginning "Sion, rejoice in tuneful lays."
Augustin de Backer attributed to him Reasons for the Repeal of the Laws against the Papists, by Robert Berkeley of Spetchley.
Notes
Attribution
1708 births
1774 deaths
18th-century English Jesuits
English biographers
Clergy from Buckinghamshire |
64509809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904%20New%20Hampshire%20gubernatorial%20election | 1904 New Hampshire gubernatorial election | The 1904 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904. Republican nominee John McLane defeated Democratic nominee Henry F. Hollis with 57.83% of the vote.
General election
Candidates
Major party candidates
John McLane, Republican
Henry F. Hollis, Democratic
Other candidates
Sumner F. Claflin, Socialist
David Heald, Prohibition
George Howie, People's
Results
References
1904
New Hampshire
Gubernatorial |
51107217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flinders%20Ranges%2C%20South%20Australia | Flinders Ranges, South Australia |
Flinders Ranges is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the mountain range of the same name, about north of the state capital of Adelaide, about north-east of the municipal seat in Quorn and about north-east of the regional centre of Port Augusta.
Its boundaries were created in April 2013, with the name selected in respect to the ‘long established local name’. Its southern boundary was altered in November 2013 with the addition of land from Hawker and the transfer of land to Shaggy Ridge. The sites of the government towns of Edeowie and Mernmerna are also within its boundaries. These town were both surveyed in 1863. Edeowie Post Office was open from to 1876 and then from 1879 to 1881, while Mernmerna Post Office was open from 1874 to 1881 and then again for a period in 1905.
Flinders Ranges consists of the part of the mountain range between the ‘town centre’ of Hawker in the south and the 'town centre' of Parachilna in the north, as well as some land to the west of the range. In the north east it contains all of the protected areas of the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and Bunkers Conservation Reserve, whose eastern boundaries align with that of the locality. The Marree railway line and The Outback Highway both pass through the west side of the locality while the Flinders Ranges Way passes through the south-east side.
As of 2012, its land use was either pastoral farming or conservation. The Marree railway line is the boundary between these uses, with pastoral farming to the west and land to the east zoned for conservation, including the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park and the Bunker Conservation Reserve.
Flinders Ranges is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral districts of Giles and Stuart, the local government area of the Flinders Ranges Council, the Pastoral Unincorporated Area of South Australia, and the state's Far North region.
Heritage listings
Flinders Ranges contains a number of places listed on the South Australian Heritage Register, including:
Ajax Mine Fossil Reef
Aroona Valley: Hayward Homestead Ruins
Aroona Valley: Eddie Pumpa Outstation
Brachina Gorge: Impact Ejecta Horizon Late Precambrian Shales Geological Site
Brachina Road: Enorama Outstation and Mail Station Ruins
Wilpena Pound Geological Landform
Stromatolites in the Precambrian Trezona Formation, Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park
Wilkawillina Archaeocyathae Geological Site
Oraparinna Diapir
Tufa Waterfall
Enorama Diapir
Appealinna Mine Ruins and Miner's Hut
Blacksmith's Shop, Oraparinna Station
Dingley Dell Homestead Ruins
Wills Homestead Complex Ruins
Hill's Cottage, Wilpena Pound
Wilpena Homestead Complex
Adjoining localities
Flinders Ranges is bounded by the following localities:
Northwest: Motpena,
North: Motpena, Mount Falkland, Alpana, Gum Creek Station and Agorigina.
Northeast: Wirrealpa
East: Wirrealpa, Willow Springs, Upalinna, Prelinna, Mount Havelock and Willippa.
Southeast: Black Hill Station
South: Barndioota, Hawker, Shaggy Ridge and Black Hill Station
Southwest: Wallerberdina
West: Motpena, Wintabatinyana, Lake Torrens Station
See also
St Mary Peak
Edeowie Station
Cazneaux Tree
References
Notes
Citations
Towns in South Australia
Places in the unincorporated areas of South Australia
Far North (South Australia)
Flinders Ranges |
29514220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Penny%20Post | London Penny Post | The London Penny Post was a premier postal system whose function was to deliver mail within London and its immediate suburbs for the modest sum of one penny. The Penny Post was established in 1680 by William Dockwra and his business partner, Robert Murray. Dockwra was a merchant and a member of the Armourer and Brasiers Livery Company and was appointed a Customs Under-Searcher for the Port of London in 1663. Murray would later become clerk in the excise office of the Penny Post. The London Penny Post mail service was launched with weeks of publicity preceding it on 27 March 1680. The new London Penny Post provided the city of London with a much needed intra-city mail delivery system. The new Penny Post was influential in establishing a model system and pattern for the various Provincial English Penny Posts in the years that followed. It was the first postal system to use hand-stamps to postmark the mail to indicate the place and time of the mailing and that its postage had been prepaid. The success of the Penny Post would also threaten the interests of the Duke of York who profited directly from the existing general post office. It also compromised the business interests of porters and private couriers. The Penny Post was also involved in publishing various criticisms towards the British monarchy, the Duke of York in particular, which ultimately led to the takeover of the Penny Post by crown authorities. The earliest known Penny Post postmark is dated 13 December 1680 and is considered by some to be the world's first postage 'stamp'.
Mail services in London, 1680
Prior to the advent of the London Penny Post there was only one General Letter Office in London and Westminster to receive and deliver the mail that was bound for destinations outside London proper, but there was no system or provision for the general distribution of letters or parcels within the city of London itself. Dockwra and Murray's Penny Post provided such a service. The new Penny Post service proved very useful to London's merchants and to other businesses, and very popular among the citizenry of London, who hitherto had to pay more expensive rates to private couriers and porters to deliver mail or small packages within the city. With the growth of trade and the increase in the population of London (which had about half a million people at that time), there was an ever-increasing demand for a mail system that would serve London and its suburbs. With its cheap flat postage-rate of one penny, the Penny Post quickly became a commercial success.
Premier postal system
Several Penny Post offices were established at various points within London where letters that were collected from drop-boxes about the city were sorted and sent out for delivery. Dockwra, Murrey and their partners divided London as far as (inclusively) Westminster and Blackwall and Hackney and Lambeth into seven districts with a sorting office for each. They established a Head Office that was set up in the home of Dockwra himself who was living in a mansion on Lime Street that was formerly owned by Sir Robert Abdy. Dockwra established hourly collections, with a maximum of ten deliveries daily for London and a minimum of six deliveries for the various London suburbs, such as Hackney and Islington. However Robert Murray was arrested in May 1680, along with another associate of the Penny Post, George Cowdron, for distributing by means of the Penny Post what was considered to be seditious material criticising the Duke of York (afterwards James II). This left Dockwra to manage the Penny Post and as such credit is roundly given to him for its designs and further improvements as the Penny Post at that point having only been in operation for a couple of months was still in its developmental stages. Within two years the Penny Post had grown to such proportions that approximately four to five hundred receiving-houses and wall-boxes had been established at various locations about the city of London, however some of the accounts vary. E.g. in Robert Seymour's Survey of London and Westminster, published in 1735, he puts the number of receiving houses at over 600. Dockwra's Penny Post delivered letters and packets weighing up to one pound and delivery was guaranteed within four hours, each letter being marked with a heart shaped time stamp indicating the time an item was dropped off for delivery. Because the new postal service was affordable to the general public with its inexpensive flat rate of one penny it became an almost instant success and became the predecessor of the postal systems that later emerged and are still in use today in Great Britain and elsewhere today. To announce the new Penny Post's inter-city mail services public notices were published in several local newspapers (figure 1) and notices and posters were also printed and circulated.
Postmarks
When mail was submitted for delivery by the Penny Post the postage rate of one penny was charged and a hand-stamped postmark and time-stamp were applied to the mailed item confirming that its postage had been paid. The triangular postmarks used by Dockwra's Penny Post account for his fame among postal historians.
Four types of triangular postmarks were used to frank mail, (figure 4) but of the few that survive most are in museum archives, and only four are known to be in the hands of private collectors. The triangle-shaped postmark is considered by some historians and philatelists as the world's first postage stamp. Each Penny Post office had its own initial letter. The Penny Post also employed heart-shaped time stamps, one with the abbreviation 'Mor.' designating a morning mailing and one with 'Af.' indicating an afternoon mailing, along with the number of the hour i.e. a numeral '4' indicating a 4 O'clock mailing. (figure 2) The triangle postmarks used on letters in 1680 differ somewhat from later examples. The 1680 postmarks are larger, with the shortest side to the triangle at the base.
The postmarks on mailings in 1681 have triangles whose longest side is situated at the base and with the word PAID inscribed upside-down within the triangle. (figure 3) There also exist examples of postmarks where the word paid is spelled as PAYD. The initial letter was located within the triangle; 'L' for the London office, 'W' for Westminster, 'S' for the Saint Paul office, however there is speculation that the 'L' marking may have indicated a mailing from the office in Dockwra's home on Lime St.
Takeover of Penny Post
When the Penny Post was first launched in 1680 there was much opposition to the new service. Its success took business from the General Post office, so much so that by 1682 a civil action was brought against Dockwra for having a monopoly on the postal services of the state. There were many couriers and porters who also regarded the Penny Post as a threat to the delivery services they offered and who sometimes resorted to assaulting the Post's messengers, tearing down advertisements and committing other acts of violence. There was also concern about the Whig party which was supporting the Penny Post and using it to distribute anti-Catholic and seditious newsletters in an attempt to exclude James II, Duke of York, from the succession to the throne on the grounds that he was Catholic. The Protestants denounced the concern as a design of the Duke of York and the Popish party. As a result, the Penny Post was taken over by the Crown authorities in that year and became part of the existing General Post Office. From that point on the postal rates gradually increased.
Before the emergence of the Penny Post the profits of the existing General Post Office were assigned by Parliament in 1663 to the Duke of York, who now had similar designs on Dockwra's lucrative Penny Post. As the Penny Post proved to be a great success and a potential new source of constant revenue the English government and the Duke of York at the time fined Dockwra £100 for contempt, claiming it infringed the monopoly of the General Post Office, and took control of the Penny Post's operations in 1682, bringing that enterprise to an end. Less than a month later the London Penny Post was made a branch of the General Post Office. For compensation of his losses Dockwra obtained a pension of £500 a year after the Revolution of 1688.
Over the years successive governments used the profits from the General Post Office and the London Penny Post as revenue. Much of the revenue that was being generated by the Penny Post was used to finance the various and almost continuous wars with France. Because the demands of the wars were so great, each time more money was needed to finance them the cost of postage was increased dramatically. This led to increasing public dissatisfaction and criticism of the high postage rates. At one point to send a letter across London the rates were as much as a day's wages for many. This went on for more than 100 years, and as a result of the mounting public complaints, a Committee of Enquiry was finally set up in 1835. Because of the excesses and indiscretions of the postal authorities and the much-needed reforms, Rowland Hill published a pamphlet entitled Post Office Reform, which led to various reforms and the introduction of the first postage stamp, the Penny Black. Because of its simplicity and ease of use the postage stamp brought reform to the post office, much like that of William Dockwra when his hand stamp struck the first letter delivered by the London Penny Post.
See also
Postage stamps and postal history of Great Britain
Postal administration
Penny Post
Penny Black
Postage stamp
Further reading
William Dockwra and the rest of the Undertakers: The story of the London penny post, 1680-2, Thomas Todd, Edinburgh, Cousland, 1952.
The Penny Post 1680–1918, Frank Staff, Lutterworth Press, Cambridge, 1993. .
Her Majesty's Mail, William Lewins, Sampson Low, Son & Marston, London, 1864.
The History of the British Post Office, J. Hemmeon, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1912.
The Postage Stamps of Great Britain 1661–1941, Robson Lowe, Robson Lowe Ltd, London, 1941
References
Postal history of the United Kingdom
History of London
1680 establishments in England
Postage rates |
1857194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonetto%20Cappiello | Leonetto Cappiello | Leonetto Cappiello (9 April 1875 – 2 February 1942) was an Italian and French poster art designer and painter, who mainly lived and worked in Paris. He is now often called 'the father of modern advertising' because of his innovation in poster design. The early advertising poster was characterized by a painterly quality as evidenced by early poster artists Jules Chéret, Alfred Choubrac and Hugo D'Alesi. Cappiello, like other young artists, worked in a way that was almost the opposite of his predecessors. He was the first poster artist to use bold figures popping out of black backgrounds, a startling contrast to the posters early norm.
Biography
He was born in Livorno in Tuscany. He would die in Cannes in France.
Cappiello had no formal training in art. The first exhibition of his work was in 1892, when a painting was displayed at the municipal museum in Florence. Some of his paintings are on display in the Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori in Livorno.
Caricatures
Cappiello started his career as a caricaturist illustrating in journals like Le Rire, Le Cri de Paris, Le Sourire, L'Assiette au Beurre, La Baionnette, Femina, and others. His first album of caricatures, Lanterna Magica, was made in 1896. In 1898, he moved to Paris, and his caricatures were published in Le Rire for the first time.
In 1902, a 24-page book of his caricatures was published entitled Gens du Monde 'people of high society' for the magazine L'Assiette au Beurre. The following year, a 38-page book entitled Le Théâtre de Cappiello 'The theatre of Cappiello' was published for a special issue of Le Théâtre magazine, with captions written by theatre critics. In 1904, his work was reviewed along with that of Sem and Carlo de Fornaro.
Cappiello began to move away from caricature work favouring posters. In 1905 a final publication 70 Dessins de Cappiello '70 drawings by Cappiello' by H. Floury, included black and white lithographic prints, as well as a handful of colour images produce by the process of pochoir. The technique was popular at the time as a way of adding colour to an image relatively cheaply, and would involve colour being hand painted onto an image with stencils.
Cappiello made his name during the poster boom period in the early 20th century, with designs markedly different from premier poster artist Jules Chéret. His first poster, for the newspaper Frou-Frou, was made in 1899.
Vercasson
Cappiello’s career as a poster artist began in earnest in 1900 when he began a contract with the printer Pierre Vercasson. In this period, the printers would act as an agent for artists and commission work to them. Vercasson had a print house, and his goal was to bring vibrancy and colour to the streets of Paris, he wanted the posters that he produced to stand out from the rest and attract lucrative new advertisers to his agency. Of course living in Paris, he was aware of the current art scene, and had seen many examples of Cappiello’s work, including a small number of posters already produced and in particular those for Le Frou-Frou. He knew that Cappiello had the potential to be exactly what he was looking for. The relationship commenced with the arrangement that Vercasson would find the clients and brief Cappiello on the product. It was then up to Cappiello to produce a sketch for the client for which he would receive the fee of 500 francs, a good amount at the time. Once the design had been approved by the client a full size design would be produced for the poster at a size of 1x1.4m, an old French paper standard known as the Double Grand Aigle. Cappiello would also be responsible for ensuring the successful transfer of the design onto lithographic stone ready for printing.
He was married to Suzanne Meyer Cappiello in 1901 and his brother Oreste was married to Camille, sister of the painter Alfredo Müller.
Between 1901 and 1914, he created several hundred posters in a style that revolutionised the art of poster design. Cappiello redesigned the fin-de-siècle pictures into images more relevant to the faster pace of the 20th century. During this period, Cappiello continued as a caricaturist. During World War I, Cappiello worked as an interpreter in Italy.
Devambez
After the First World War Cappiello returned to producing posters. His first meeting with Devambez in 1918 marked the start of a long discussion: three years later he signed an exclusive contract with the Paris publisher for whom he designed now famous icons: such as Kub, Campari, Parapluie Revel, Pirelli, Chocolat Klaus and Poudre de Luzy, and the famous entertainer Mistinguett at the Casino de Paris. Unlike Vercasson, Devambez did not have its own print house, and had the posters printed at a number of large printers. The agency concentrated on finding new clients from across Europe, and successfully spread Cappiello’s celebrated works across the continent. He remained with the agency until 1936.
Legacy
Over the course of his career Cappiello produced more than 530 advertising posters. Today, his original posters are still collected, sold at auction and by dealers around the world.
Selected lithographs
See also
Poster
References
External links
Leonetto Cappiello: Father of the Modern Poster
Cappiello.fr
Cappiello Poster Reproductions
Leonetto Cappiello Originals for Sale
1875 births
1942 deaths
Italian illustrators
19th-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian poster artists
People from Livorno
Italian expatriates in France
19th-century Italian male artists |
13933001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20C.%20Thomas | Ryan C. Thomas | Ryan C. Thomas (born January 25, 1975, in Warwick, Rhode Island) is an American writer and editor based in San Diego, California. He is the executive editor for the southern California luxury lifestyle magazine Ranch & Coast and a horror author.
Works
Novels
The Summer I Died (Coscom Entertainment, April 2006)
Ratings Game (Cohort Press, May 2008)
The Undead World of Oz (Coscom Entertainment, September 2009)
Born To Bleed (Coscom Entertainment, September 2011)
Hissers (Permuted Press, December 2011)
Origin of Pain (Thunderstorm Books, February 2012)
Salticidae (Thunderstorm Books, March 2013)
The Bugboy (Thunderstorm Books, February 2014)
Hissers 2: Death March (Grand Mal Press, March 2014)
Hissers 3: Fortress of Flesh (Grand Mal Press, March 2021)
Hobbomock (Thunderstorm Books, May 2016)
Scars of the Broken (Grand Mal Press, November 2017)
Red Ice Run (Thunderstorm Books, Dec 2018)
Novellas
Enemy Unseen ("The Undead: Headshot Quartet" collection, Permuted Press, March 2008)
With a Face of Golden Pleasure ("Elements of the Apocalypse", Permuted Press, December 2011)
Choose ("MalContents" collection, Grand Mal Press, October 2011)
The Scent of Hope ("Salticidae" Limited Edition only, Thunderstorm Books, October 2013)
Publications to which Thomas has contributed short stories
The Vault of Punk Horror
The Undead: Flesh Feast
The Undead: Skin and Bones
Strange Stories of Sand and Sea
Twisted Cat Tales
Space Squid
Dead Science: A Zombie Anthology
Alien Aberrations
Zombie Zoology
Splatterpunk Zine #3
Splatterpunk Zine #8
Beasts: Genesis
San Diego Horror Professionals, VOl 1
San Diego Horror Professionals, VOl 2
San Diego Horror Professionals, VOl 3
C.H.U.D. Lives
Splatterpunk Forever
In Darkness, Delight: Masters of Midnight
Next Door: A Horror Anthology
Tales of Horrorgasm, Vol 1 Comic Book
Collections
Scraps & Chum (Grand Mal Press, February 2016)
Anthologies Edited
Monstrous: 20 Tales of Giant Creature Terror (Permuted Press, January 2009)
References
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American magazine editors
American horror writers
Living people
1975 births
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers |
25875004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%202003%20World%20Aquatics%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20200%20metre%20butterfly | Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 200 metre butterfly | The Men's 200 Butterfly event at the 10th FINA World Aquatics Championships swam 22 – 23 July 2003 in Barcelona, Spain. Preliminary and Semifinal heats were on July 22, with the preliminaries during the morning session and the semifinals during the evening session. The Final swam during the evening session on July 23.
At the start of the event, the existing World (WR) and Championship (CR) records were both:
WR and CR: 1:54.58 swum by Michael Phelps (USA) on 24 July 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan
Results
Final
Semifinals
Preliminaries
References
Swimming at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships |
37992785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20Pitcairnese%20airfield%20referendum | 1981 Pitcairnese airfield referendum | A referendum on building an airfield was held in the Pitcairn Islands in March 1981. With the island only accessible by boat, around 90% voted in favour of constructing an airfield. The Island Council supported the construction of an airfield. However, construction was too expensive for the British Authorities.
Results
References
1981 referendums
1981
1981 in the Pitcairn Islands
March 1981 events in Oceania |
63845025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avon%20Valley%20%28Bickton%20to%20Christchurch%29 | Avon Valley (Bickton to Christchurch) | Avon Valley (Bickton to Christchurch) is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest which stretches from Christchurch in Dorset to Bickton, south of Fordingbridge Hampshire. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, a Ramsar site, a Special Area of Conservation and a Special Protection Area. An area of is Blashford Lakes, a nature reserve managed by the Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust,
This valley has more diverse habitats and a wider range of fauna and flora than any other chalk valley in the country. There are internationally important numbers of breeding and wintering birds, such as Bewick’s swans and gadwalls. The flora include a number of nationally rare species and the river has a diverse fish fauna. Dragonflies include the rare scarce chaser.
References
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hampshire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dorset
Nature Conservation Review sites
Ramsar sites in England
Special Protection Areas in England
Special Areas of Conservation in England |
51180122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Newell | Colin Newell | Colin Newell (13 July 1973 – 25 November 2020), known as Heavy D or The Boominator, was a British TV personality.
Life
He was best known for his roles in Storage Hunters and Celebrity Big Brother. Newell was a supporter of Arsenal Football Club and frequently took part in interviews for ArsenalFanTV. He took part in the 18th series of Celebrity Big Brother in August 2016.
Newell died on 25 November 2020 at the age of 47. He had a daughter born in 2019, with his ex-girlfriend, Bryony Harris.
References
External links
1973 births
2020 deaths
Participants in British reality television series
Place of death missing
Place of birth missing |
20695118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Clarke%20%28disambiguation%29 | Marcus Clarke (disambiguation) | Marcus Clarke was an Australian novelist best known for writing For the Term of His Natural Life.
Marcus Clarke may also refer to:
Marcus Clarke (doctor) (1912–2000), Australian doctor in Borneo, interned by the Japanese during World War II, who wrote about his experiences
Marcus Clarke (puppeteer) (born 1967), British actor, puppeteer and writer
See also
Marcus Clark & Co., an Australian department store
Marcus R. Clark (born 1956), Republican member of the Louisiana Supreme Court |
13920176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol%20invasions%20of%20Burma | Mongol invasions of Burma | There were two wars known as the Mongol invasions of Burma:
The First Mongol invasion of Burma (1277–1287)
The Second Mongol invasion of Burma (1300–1302) |
50871405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphe%20Salvat | Adolphe Salvat | Jean Frédéric Adolphe Salvat, died in Paris in 1876, was a 19th-century French playwright.
His plays were presented on the most important Parisian stages of his time, including the Théâtre des Variétés, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Antoine, the Théâtre du Vaudeville, and the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques.
Works
1837: Le Chemin de fer de Saint-Germain, one-act à-propos-vaudeville, with Jean Pierre Charles Perrot de Renneville and Henri de Tully
1838: Les Femmes libres, three-act folie-vaudeville and extravaganza, with Pierre Tournemine
1839: Le Mauvais sujet, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Charles Labie and Joanny Augier
1840: L'Île de Calypso, one-act folie-vaudeville, with Joanny Augier
1842: Duchesse et poissarde, two-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Joanny Augier
1843: La Jeune et la vieille garde, épisode de 1814, in 1 act, with Clairville, 1843
1845: Les Deux tambours, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Lubize and Edmond-Frédéric Prieur
1847: La Fille du diable, one-act vaudeville fantastique, with Hippolyte Rimbaut
1850: La Grenouille du régiment, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Lubize
1853: La Petite Provence, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Édouard Brisebarre
1858: L'Agent matrimonial, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Perrot de Renneville
1859: Taureau le brasseur, one-act comédie en vaudevilles, with Rimbaut
undated: Le Revers de la médaille, two-act comédie en vaudevilles
Bibliography
Joseph-Marie Quérard, Charles Louandre, La littérature française contemporaine: XIXe siècle, 1857, (read online)
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
Year of birth missing
1876 deaths |
65941054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Need%20a%20Little%20Christmas%20%28Pentatonix%20album%29 | We Need a Little Christmas (Pentatonix album) | We Need a Little Christmas is the fourth Christmas album, and eighth album overall, by the American acappella group Pentatonix. It was released on November 13, 2020, by RCA Records.
Overview
We Need a Little Christmas was recorded in each of the group member's houses individually in isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It features mostly cover songs, plus the original "Thank You", which was written on group member Scott Hoying's birthday. A music video was released on the group's YouTube channel on November 25, 2020. The first single from the album was "Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)", which was released on November 5, 2020.
Track listing
Personnel
Pentatonix
Scott Hoyingbaritone lead and backing vocals, piano on "Thank You"
Mitch Grassitenor lead and backing vocals
Kirstin Maldonado alto lead and backing vocals
Matt Sallee vocal bass, bass lead and backing vocals
Kevin Olusolavocal percussion, tenor backing vocals, lead vocals on “12 Days of Christmas” and “Amazing Grace”, cello on "Thank You", vocal flugelhorn on "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Others
Ben Bram – producer, recording engineer
Mick Wordley – producer
Voctave – choir on "Once Upon a December"
Bing Crosby – guest lead vocals on "White Christmas"
London Symphony Orchestra – various instruments on "White Christmas"
Charts
References
2020 Christmas albums
A cappella Christmas albums
Christmas albums by American artists
Pentatonix albums
RCA Records albums |
46704226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Middleton%20%28footballer%29 | Robert Middleton (footballer) | Robert Middleton (born 15 January 1903) was a Scottish footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
Career
Born in Brechin, Middleton played club football for Brechin City, Cowdenbeath, Sunderland, Burton Town and Chester, and made one appearance for Scotland in 1930. For Sunderland he made 66 appearances in all competitions.
References
1903 births
Year of death missing
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Brechin City F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Burton Town F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Place of death missing |
51346637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doordarshan%20Eti%20Jantra | Doordarshan Eti Jantra | Doordarshan Eti Jantra () is a 2016 Indian Assamese language period comedy drama film directed by Rajesh Bhuyan and produced by Sanjiv Narain under the banner of AM Television. The story is based on National School of Drama's alumnus Himanshu Prasad Das's play Ekhon Gaonot Eta TV Asil. Director Rajesh Bhuyan is also the co screenplay writer along with Santanu Rowmuria. The original playwright Himanshu Prasad Das, and Santanu Rowmuria wrote the dialogues of the film. The film stars many of the renowned actors of Assamese film industry including Jatin Bora, Utpal Das, Prastuti Porasor and Moonmi Phukan in lead role. Released on 2 September 2016 in almost 50 theaters in Assam and Meghalaya (Shillong), the film has already become a superhit in Assam.
Plot
A story that dates back to the '80s. An unusual machine makes an entry into a village. It is called TV. It provokes a huge ruckus with people from all over scrambling to have a look at this black and white TV stationed at the most wealthiest of village households.
A group of enthusiastic villagers getting together to dug a hole beside the house, setting up a bamboo pole where an antenna is mounted on top of it, the mechanic turning the antenna back and forth, the visuals coming out right occasionally but most times it looks as though there is a blizzard going on, with people of all shapes and sizes assembling on the floor – these are but some of the cherished moments that naturally unfolded when TV made its debut in this village.
Cast
Jatin Bora as Kailash
Prastuti Porasor as Purnima
Utpal Das as Bitul
Moonmi Phukan as Selima
Moitryee Goswami as Malati
Saurabh Hazarika as Malati's husband
Chetana Das as Kailash's neighbor (Guest appearance )
Siddhartha Sharma as Bitul's uncle (police officer)
Prosenjit Bora
Pranami Bora
Alokjyoti Saikia
Himanshu Prasad Das
Lakhi Borthakur
Rajib Kro
Bijit Dev Chowdhury
Manmath Barua
Tridiv Lahon
Reception
Rating
Soundtrack
The music of the movie is composed by Mousam Gogoi.
World Television Premier
The film had its world television premiere on Prag News on 16 April 2017 at 12:30 PM IST.
Awards
References
External links
2010s Assamese-language films |
49475617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%20Medical%20Research%20Foundation | Michelson Medical Research Foundation | The Michelson Medical Research Foundation is a private, non-profit philanthropy founded by orthopedic spinal surgeon and inventor Gary K. Michelson. The foundation aims to solve global health issues by promoting the development of innovative ideas in medicine and bioscience.
The foundation's co-chairs are Dr. Michelson and his wife, Alya Michelson.
History
The Michelson Medical Research Foundation was founded in 2005 and seeded with $100 million.
In 2017, the foundation, along with the Human Vaccines Project, established the Michelson Prizes: Next Generation Grants, a $20 million initiative to advance innovation in the field of vaccines and immunotherapies through grants. The inaugural winners of the $150,000 awards in June 2018 included the University of Melbourne's Dr. Laura Mackay, Monash University's Dr. Patricia Illing, and Stanford University School of Medicine's Dr. Ansuman Satpathy. 2022 grant winners included Dr. Noam Auslander and Dr. Brittany Hartwell of the University of Minnesota. The 2022 Michelson Philanthropies & Science Prize for Immunology was awarded to Dr. Paul Bastard.
2019 Next Generation Grant winners Dr. Murad Mamedov and Dr. Avinash Das Sahu collaborated on a study, published in August 2023, to identify how gamma-delta T cells recognize and destroy cancer cells.
Initiatives
The USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience: Inaugurated on November 1, 2017, The USC Michelson facility—the largest research building located at the University of Southern California—provides a revolutionary environment for collaborative research.
The Michelson Entrepreneurship Award seeks to drive technological innovation in healthcare at the Wharton Startup Challenge.
The Michelson Ethical Research & Education Initiative: a partnership between the Michelson Medical Research Foundation and the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine aimed at ending the use of dogs and other animals in medical education and various types of medical research such as alcohol abuse research, heart failure research.
Beneficiaries
Beneficiaries of the Michelson Medical Research Foundation include:
The Human Vaccines Project.
The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.
The University of Southern California.
The University of Washington.
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
References
Health charities in the United States
Organizations established in 2005
Medical and health organizations based in California |
65506861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Sedgwick%20%28lawyer%29 | Theodore Sedgwick (lawyer) | Theodore Sedgwick (December 9, 1780 - November 7, 1839) was an American attorney, writer, and Democratic Party politician. Active in New York and Massachusetts, he served several terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1824 to 1831) and was the party's nominee for the United States House of Representatives in 1834 and 1836, and Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts in 1839.
Biography
Theodore Sedgwick (sometimes referred to as Theodore Sedgwick Jr. or Theodore Sedgwick II) was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts on December 9, 1780, a son of Theodore Sedgwick (1746-1813) and Pamela (Dwight) Sedgwick. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale College in 1798, studied law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1801.
Sedgwick practiced law in Albany, New York as the partner of Harmanus Bleecker. In 1821, he moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, where he farmed and authored several legal and political works and biographies. He served as president of the Berkshire County Agricultural Society, and was also active in politics as a Democrat. He represented Stockbridge in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1824 to 1831. As a legislator, Sedgwick successfully advocated for a charter allowing creation of the Boston and Albany Railroad, and construction commenced shortly after the end of his term in the state House. Sedgwick was his party's nominee for the United States House of Representatives (1834, 1836) and Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (1839).
Published works
Sedgwick advocated for several causes, including abolition of slavery, temperance, and free trade, and authored several works in support of his positions, including 1826's Hints To My Countrymen. Sedgwick also authored a biography of William Livingston, his wife's grandfather, 1833's A Memoir of the Life of William Livingston. In addition, he was the author of 1836-1837's Public and Private Economy (three volumes). He also published several of his speeches, including Addresses to the Berkshire Agricultural Association (1823 and 1830).
Death and burial
Sedgwick suffered a stroke on November 7, 1839 while addressing a Democratic Party meeting in Stockbridge. He died a few hours later and was buried at Stockbridge Cemetery in Stockbridge.
Family
Sedgwick was the brother of author Catharine Sedgwick. On November 28, 1808, he married Susan Anne Livingston Ridley. They were the parents of two children, Theodore Sedgwick III and Maria Banyer Sedgwick (1813-1883).
References
External links
1780 births
1839 deaths
Yale College alumni
New York (state) lawyers
Massachusetts lawyers
People from Stockbridge, Massachusetts
Democratic Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Sedgwick family |
2456095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston%20Lea | Preston Lea | Preston Lea (November 12, 1841 – December 4, 1916) was an American businessman and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Republican Party who served as Governor of Delaware.
Early life and family
Lea was born at Brandywine Village, now a part of Wilmington, Delaware, son of William and Jane Scott Lovett Lea. His ancestors came to Pennsylvania with William Penn. His grandfather, Thomas Lea, built a flour mill on the Brandywine Creek in 1811.
In 1870, he married Adelaide Moore; they had three children: Claudia Wright, Alice Moore, and Ethel Mildred. In 1897, he married again, to Eliza Naudain Corbit, with whom he had one child, Louise Corbit. Their home for many years was at 2315 17th Street in Wilmington. They were members of the Wilmington Friends Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers.
Professional and political career
Wilmington, Delaware, is really a combination of two towns. Wilmington proper rises from the banks of the navigable Christina River and prospered as a convenient place to collect farm products from the interior of Delaware and central Pennsylvania. At its back, though, is a tributary of the Christina River, known as Brandywine Creek. Navigable for only a short distance, the creek quickly rises into the Piedmont and through a series of small falls, provides a dependable source of power for mills. Small boats, or shallops, sailed up to the base of these falls, unloaded their grain, and loaded back up with what became known as "Superfine" flour, some of the best flour produced in America. These mills were known as the Brandywine Mills and the town around them, Brandywine Village.
Lea's grandfather, Thomas Lea, built a flour mill in Brandywine Village on the Brandywine Creek in 1811. His father, William Lea, ran the mill until his death in 1873. After receiving an education at Lawrenceville, New Jersey, Preston Lea went to work for his father at the age of eighteen. When William Lea died, the firm was incorporated as William Lea & Sons. Preston Lea became its vice president and then its president in 1876.
In addition, he became president of the Wilmington Board of Trade in 1873 and in 1888 was elected president of the Union National Bank. Still holding these positions, he was also vice-president of Farmers Mutual Insurance Co., a director of Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad, president of the Equitable Guarantee Bank, and president of the Wilmington City Railway Co.
During the 30 years following the Civil War the Republican Party was largely the party of New Castle County industrialists and the African-American population. Politically opposed by large majorities of the rural population of Kent and Sussex Counties, as well as much of the large Irish immigrant population in Wilmington, statewide they were a decided minority. Some years they didn't even field a ticket. However, as gas company millionaire and Philadelphia native J. Edward "Gas" Addicks poured campaign money into the Republican Party organization, young businessmen and politicians, tired of the long dominance of the Democrats, responded and joined up.
Another reason behind the success of the Addicks effort was the resentment many had for the established Republican leaders in New Castle County. Their control of the party seemed to others to be more important than beating Democrats and correcting widely acknowledged problems. The established party leaders could not abide the thought of supporting the "carpetbagger" Addicks, and rebuffed him and the newcomers he brought into the party with him. So, with a mostly progressive agenda, and styling themselves "Union Republicans," they frequently ran their own candidates and rapidly built a large following.
Governor of Delaware
While Lea was certainly an old time Republican industrialist of New Castle County, he was different in that he saw the positive side of Addicks' efforts, formed close friendships with rising young politicians from lower Delaware such as John G. Townsend Jr., and was counted among the Union Republicans. In 1904 he was the Union Republican candidate for governor. Popular in New Castle County Republicans circles and benefiting from the well-funded Addicks machine elsewhere, Lea won nearly all the growing number of Republicans voters, easily defeating both Joseph Chandler, the regular Republican Party candidate and Caleb S. Pennewill, the Democratic Party candidate.
Within a year after the election, Addicks suffered major personal and business setbacks and completely withdrew from Delaware politics. With no further reason to disagree, the two Republican factions came together under the political leadership of T. Coleman du Pont. Thus formed the durable majority coalition of upstate industrialists and downstate small businessmen that governed Delaware for 60 years and is still the basis of the Republican Party.
Among its actions, the Delaware General Assembly finally outlawed the state pillory, although the whipping post remained. The long-disputed boundary with New Jersey in the Delaware River was also resolved and the now antiquated Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was sold to the Federal Government in order to provide for major improvement. Laws were also passed requiring at least three months of school attendance by children and local option legislation allowed Kent and Sussex counties to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages. T. Coleman du Pont announced his plans for a new highway, to be built the length of Delaware, in 1908.
Death and legacy
In his later years Lea spent much of his time at his summer home "the Orchards," thought to be in the area of the refinery near Delaware City. He died at New Castle and is buried in the Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery at Wilmington.
Almanac
Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. The governor takes office the third Tuesday of January, and has a four-year term.
References
Images
Family Photo Album
External links
Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States
Delaware’s Governors
National Cyclopedia of American Biography
The Political Graveyard
Lea family photograph collection at Hagley Museum and Library
Morse-Lea photograph collection at Hagley Museum and Library
Places with more information
Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161
University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965
1841 births
1916 deaths
American Quakers
Burials at Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery
Businesspeople from Wilmington, Delaware
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Republican Party governors of Delaware
Lawrenceville School alumni
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople |
41982069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lucky%20Show | The Lucky Show | The Lucky Show was an Australian television series which aired from 1959 to 1961 on Sydney station TCN-9. Chuck Faulkner was originally announced as host, but was replaced prior to the first broadcast with George Foster. The series was a mix of game show and variety show, and episodes aired in a 60-minute time-slot during daytime. In 1961, The Lucky Show and The Happy Show were merged to create Happy Go Lucky, which should not be confused with Melbourne series The Happy Go Lucky Show (1957-1959). It is not known if any kinescopes or video-tapes still exist of The Lucky Show.
References
External links
Nine Network original programming
English-language television shows
Black-and-white Australian television shows
Australian non-fiction television series
1959 Australian television series debuts
1961 Australian television series endings
Australian variety television shows
1950s Australian game shows
1960s Australian game shows |
36694632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20Quota%20Act | Film Quota Act | The Film Quota Act, full title the New South Wales Cinematograph Films (Australian Quota) Act was an act of legislation passed in September 1935 that came into force on 1 January 1936. Under the Act it was compulsory that in the first year of operation 5 per cent, of the films distributed in New South Wales must be Australian productions, the percentage to increase yearly for five years when it becomes 15 per cent.
The Act was introduced at the behest of New South Wales' Premier Bertram Stevens. Its ultimate impact turned out to be limited due to a loophole in the legislation. The use of the word "acquire" meant it was considered that the act was drafted to reflect exhibition of films, not ensure production; distributors argued they had no obligation to produce movies. Some American distributors made veiled threats to remove Hollywood films from exhibition.
In 1937 the New South Wales government decided not to force distributors to participate in production. Similar legislation was passed in Victoria but was never proclaimed. By the end of the decade the quota law had ceased to operate in practice.
See also
Screen quotas
References
External links
Copy of Act
Cinema of Australia
New South Wales legislation
1935 in Australian law
1930s in New South Wales
Quotas |
43288648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appleseed%20Alpha | Appleseed Alpha | Appleseed Alpha (also styled as Appleseed α) is a computer-animated military science fiction cyberpunk film. The English version's voice cast includes Luci Christian (Deunan Knute), David Matranga (Briareos) and Wendel Calvert (Two Horns). It was announced on February 11, 2014, that Sony Pictures Worldwide and Lucent Pictures Entertainment would making a new CG-animated film. This film does not follow the previous Appleseed movie canon; it is an alternate version of the story's origins. Briareos, for example, is already a cyborg and did not become separated from Deunan to be later reunited in Olympus to join ESWAT. A 2 volume prequel manga by Iou Kuroda was published in Morning Two in 2014.
Appleseed Alpha had an advance digital release on July 15, 2014.
Plot
In the 22nd century, after a devastating world war, veterans Deunan Knute and Briareos are living in the ruins of New York doing jobs for a cyborg despot named Two Horns, with Deunan hoping that once they've paid off their debt to him for fixing Briareos' war injuries, they can go find the legendary utopic city of Olympus, though Briareos is more pessimistic. However, whenever they are close to finishing a job, they are sabotaged.
One day, while eliminating rogue combat drones, Deunan and Briareos meet Olson, a cybernetics-equipped soldier, and a young girl named Iris. Though initially reserved around each other, Olson discovers that Two Horns' mechanic Mattews has been deliberately crippling Briareos' systems to keep him and Deunan under Two Horns' thumb. Soon after, two cyborgs named Talos and Nyx, who are trailing Olson and Iris, appear, forcing Deunan and Briareos to depart with their new friends. After questioning Two Horns, and then attempting to kill him, Talos puts Deunan and Briareos on his target list as well. After recovering, Two Horns follows them to capture Iris and use her as a bargaining chip against Talos.
As they travel together, Iris and Olson gradually reveal that they are from Olympus, on a mission to dispose of leftover weapons from the war. Talos is also an agent from Olympus who has developed a messiah complex and wants to use Iris to take control of these weapons. When Two Horns finds and attacks them, Iris and Olson are captured by Talos. After brutally extracting the location of a prototype superweapon from Olson's memories, Talos murders him and takes Iris with him. Briareos and Deunan find Olson's body, recover the information they need and follow Talos and Iris to the weapon's location.
In a secret underground bunker, Talos activates the superweapon - a giant, heavily armed mobile fortress - using Iris' retinal pattern. Deunan and Briareos fight their way into the complex, supported by Two Horns, who is now out for revenge against Talos, and Mattews, who presents Deunan with a power amor suit. Briareos duels and kills Nyx, but Deunan is too late to save Iris; the fortress makes its way to the surface, but instead of following Talos' commands, it is hardwired on a suicide bombing mission against New York. With Two Horns and Briareos' help, Deunan boards the superwalker and kills Talos, but in order to destroy the weapon, Briareos must snipe its power core. To prevent countermeasures, Iris remains aboard and evicts Deunan from the fortress after revealing that she is a bioroid specifically created for this mission. Briareos takes the shot, destroying both the fortress and Iris inside it.
After regrouping, Deunan and Briareos depart for Olympus, with Two Horns absolving them of their debts and Mattews gifting them the restored exosuit. Unknown to them, they have been closely observed by Olympus Officer Hitomi, Iris' human template. When asked whether Deunan and Briareos should be brought to Olympus for their help, Hitomi explains instead: "They're like apple seeds. Wherever they go, hope will sprout. Others who are worthy are sure to follow."
Voice cast
Reception
Zac Bertschy from Anime News Network called it "the most visually stunning Appleseed movie yet". Hollywood Outbreak website wrote that "thanks to the extensive motion and facial capture work on the project, the animation is a perfect balance of realism and science fiction-esque fantasy". Appleseed Alpha was selected for screening at Fantasia Festival on July 19, 2014.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2014 anime films
American computer-animated films
2014 films
2010s American animated films
2014 science fiction action films
American animated science fiction films
Animated action films
Appleseed (media franchise)
2014 computer-animated films
Animated cyberpunk films
Films directed by Shinji Aramaki
Sola Digital Arts
Japanese films set in New York City
Films set in the 22nd century
Japanese animated science fiction films
Military science fiction films
American science fiction action films
Japanese science fiction action films
Films using motion capture
Japanese computer-animated films
2010s English-language films
Foreign films set in the United States |
20392822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Brooker | Justin Brooker | Justin 'Brash' Brooker (born 8 August 1977) is an Indigenous Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level for Eastern Suburbs, Western Suburbs Magpies, the Bradford Bulls, the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the South Sydney Rabbitohs, as a .
Playing career
Justin Brooker played in the Campbelltown League with the Minto Cobras, then a move to the country in the Group 6 League where he won titles in U'16 and First grade. Brooker had recently turned 21 when he made his début with the Sydney City Roosters, scoring two tries on debut. He was again named at fullback for the next two weeks.
In 1999, Brooker joined the Western Suburbs Magpies. He played mostly at centre. Despite a poor season from the Magpies, he scored 9 tries, including 2 doubles and was named Supporters player of the year. He was the last player to score for the Magpies before they merged with Balmain Tigers in 2000.
Brooker left Australia and played in the Super League for the Bradford Bulls and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats before returning to Australia to play for the South Sydney Rabbitohs. Brooker retired for religious reason and returned to the Picton Magpies in the Group 6 Rugby League competition. With a year remaining on his Contract at South Sydney Rabbitohs In September 2002 it was announced that Brooker retired from football to pursue another career.
References
External links
2001 Super League Team-by-team guide
Sources
1977 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Sydney Roosters players
Western Suburbs Magpies players
Bradford Bulls players
Wakefield Trinity players
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Sydney
Rugby league wingers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
65543006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20submarine%20Ha-209 | Japanese submarine Ha-209 | Ha-209 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ha-201-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in August 1945 only eleven days before hostilities ended in World War II, and was deliberately run aground by her crew that month.
Design and description
At the end of 1944, the Imperial Japanese Navy decided it needed large numbers of high-speed coastal submarines to defend the Japanese Home Islands against an anticipated Allied invasion (named Operation Downfall by the Allies). To meet this requirement, the Ha-201-class submarines were designed as small, fast submarines incorporating many of the same advanced ideas implemented in the German Type XXI and Type XXIII submarines. They were capable of submerged speeds of almost .
The Ha-201 class displaced surfaced and submerged. The submarines were long, had a beam of and a draft of . For surface running, the submarines were powered by a single diesel engine that drove one propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and submerged. On the surface, the Ha-201-class submarines had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at . Their armament consisted of two torpedo tubes with four torpedoes and a single mount for a 7.7-millimeter machine gun.
Construction and commissioning
Ordered as Submarine No. 4919 and attached provisionally to the Sasebo Naval District on 5 May 1945, Ha-209 was laid down on 7 May 1945 by the Sasebo Naval Arsenal at Sasebo, Japan. She was launched on 31 May 1945 and was completed and commissioned on 4 August 1945.
Service history
Upon commissioning, Ha-209 was attached formally to the Sasebo Naval District and assigned to Submarine Division 52. She departed Sasebo on 11 August 1945 bound for Kure and spent the night of 11–12 August 1945 in Imari Bay on the coast of Kyushu. On the morning of 12 August, she got back underway on the next leg of her voyage, waiting off Mutsure Island while her next anchorage in the Moji Bight was swept for mines.
After spending the night of 12–13 August 1945 at Moji, she resumed her voyage on the morning of 13 August. She was on the surface off Hesaki Lighthouse that day when she detonated an acoustic mine. The explosion blew two of her lookouts overboard, started a fire aft and a minor leak in her main ballast tanks, and brought her to a halt. A minesweeper arrived and towed her to Mitsubishi′s Hikoshima Shipyard at Shimonoseki, where she unloaded the two Type 95 torpedoes she had aboard.
On the morning of 15 August 1945, Ha-209 entered drydock at Hikoshima Shipyard. At 12:00 that day, Emperor Hirohito announced in a radio broadcast that hostilities between Japan and the Allies had ended. On 18 August 1945, Ha-209′s commanding officer requested that she be undocked, and Ha-209′s crew deliberately ran her aground on Ganryū-jima in the Shimonoseki Strait and abandoned her, except for a skeleton crew of nine who remained aboard for a time before also abandoning ship.
Disposal
After a United States Navy inspection team visited Ha-209′s wreck in late September 1945, the U.S. Navy decided to destroy it with explosives. A U.S. Navy demolition team blew it up on 11 November 1945.
The Japanese struck Ha-209 from the Navy list on 30 November 1945. Between August and November 1946, her wreck was salvaged, taken to Hikoshima Shipyard, and scrapped.
Notes
References
, History of Pacific War Vol.17 I-Gō Submarines, Gakken (Japan), January 1998,
Rekishi Gunzō, History of Pacific War Extra, "Perfect guide, The submarines of the Imperial Japanese Forces", Gakken (Japan), March 2005,
The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.43 Japanese Submarines III, Ushio Shobō (Japan), September 1980, Book code 68343-43
The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.132 Japanese Submarines I "Revised edition", Ushio Shobō (Japan), February 1988, Book code 68344-36
Ships of the World special issue Vol.37, History of Japanese Submarines, , (Japan), August 1993
Ha-201-class submarines
Ships built by Sasebo Naval Arsenal
1945 ships
World War II submarines of Japan
Maritime incidents in August 1945
Shipwrecks of Japan |
66663584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Mouly%20Surya | List of awards and nominations received by Mouly Surya | Mouly Surya is an Indonesian film director and screenwriter.
Beginning her career as assistant director and screenwriter in local film productions, Surya rose to prominence in 2008 for her directorial debut the psychological thriller Fiksi. which won her the Citra Award for Best Director. She won a second Best Director award at the 38th Citra Award for her satay Western Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts in 2017. As of 2020, she remains the first and only woman director to have won the award.
AFI Fest
Asia-Pacific Film Festival
Asia-Pacific Screen Awards
Asian Academy Creative Awards
Bandung Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
Cinemanila International Film Festival
Citra Awards
Five Flavours Film Festival
Hong Kong International Film Festival
Indonesian Film Academy Awards
International Film Festival Rotterdam
International Istanbul Film Festival
Jakarta International Film Festival
Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival
Las Palmas Film Festival
Luxembourg City Film Festival
Maya Awards
Sundance Film Festival
Tempo Film Festival
Tokyo FILMeX
References
External links
Surya, Mouly |
56472630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamphomyia%20nasoni | Rhamphomyia nasoni | Rhamphomyia nasoni is a species of dance flies (insects in the family Empididae).
References
Further reading
External links
Diptera.info
Rhamphomyia
Insects described in 1895 |
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